A report on James L. Kemper, Second Battle of Bull Run and Battle of Gettysburg

Second Battle of Bull Run, fought Augt. 29th 1862, 1860s lithograph by Currier and Ives

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1861–1865

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

At the Second Battle of Bull Run, Kemper's division took part in Longstreet's surprise attack against the Union left flank, almost destroying Major General John Pope's Army of Virginia.

- James L. Kemper

At the Battle of Gettysburg, Kemper arrived with Pickett's division late on the second day of battle, July 2, 1863.

- James L. Kemper

Brig Gen. James L. Kemper (brigades of Col. Montgomery D. Corse, Brig Gen. Micah Jenkins, Col. Eppa Hunton

- Second Battle of Bull Run

Confederate Generals James L. Kemper and Isaac R. Trimble were severely wounded during Pickett's charge and captured during the Confederate retreat.

- Battle of Gettysburg

Prior to Gettysburg, Robert E. Lee had established a reputation as an almost invincible general, achieving stunning victories against superior numbers—although usually at the cost of high casualties to his army—during the Seven Days, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including the Second Battle of Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.

- Battle of Gettysburg

James Longstreet was criticized for his performance during the battle and the postbellum advocates of the Lost Cause claimed that his slowness, reluctance to attack, and disobedience to Gen. Lee on August 29 were a harbinger of his controversial performance to come on July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg.

- Second Battle of Bull Run

2 related topics with Alpha

James Longstreet

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One of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse".

Longstreet at Gettysburg c. undefined 1900

Longstreet's Left Wing assaults, mid-day September 20

James Longstreet in later life (1896), affecting the sideburns of his opponent at Fredericksburg and Knoxville

Equestrian statue of General Longstreet on his horse Hero in Pitzer Woods at Gettysburg National Military Park

Map of events during the Peninsula campaign to the Battle of Seven Pines Confederate
Union

Longstreet's attack in the Battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, shortly before he was wounded Confederate
Union

Longstreet led a devastating counterattack that routed the Union army at Second Bull Run in August.

Longstreet's most controversial service was at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, where he openly disagreed with General Lee on the tactics to be employed and reluctantly supervised several unsuccessful attacks on Union forces.

General Pickett placed the brigades of Garnett and Brigadier General James L. Kemper in front with Armistead behind them in support.

Battle of Antietam

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Battle of the American Civil War fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek.

Lincoln with McClellan and staff at the Grove Farm after the battle. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

Battlefield of Antietam, situation September 15 to 16, 1862

Assaults by the I Corps, 5:30 to 7:30 a.m.

Dead Confederate soldiers from Starke's Louisiana Brigade, on the Hagerstown Turnpike, north of the Dunker Church. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Assaults by the XII Corps, 7:30 to 9:00 a.m.

The Dunker Church after September 17, 1862. Here, both Union and Confederate dead lie together on the field.

Assaults by the XII and II Corps, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.

Assaults by the IX Corps, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Confederate dead gathered for burial after the battle. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Photograph by Alexander Gardner of Lincoln and McClellan near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862

{{center|Charge of the 51st New York and 51st Pennsylvania across Burnside's Bridge, by Edwin Forbes}}

{{center|Battle of Antietam by Kurz and Allison}}

{{center|Confederate guns on the hill above poured fire into the Union ranks at Burnside's bridge. Photo taken just after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

Union positions below the Confederates at Burnside Bridge

{{center|Confederate soldiers on the Antietam battlefield as they fell inside the fence on the Hagerstown road, September 1862 by Alexander Gardner}}

{{center|Harper's Weekly drawing of dead soldiers on Antietam battlefield, based on Gardner photograph}}

{{center|Confederate horses lay dead and artillery caissons destroyed on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 168–70.</ref>}}

{{center|Dead on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Robert Kalasky, "Military Images" Volume XX, Number 6 May–June 1999, pp. 24–29.</ref>}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking east from the north bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking northeast from the south bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.<ref>The Union soldiers looking on were likely members of the 130th Pennsylvania, who were assigned burial detail</ref>}}

{{center|"Confederate soldier who after being wounded had evidently dragged himself to a little ravine on the hillside where he died". Photograph by Alexander Gardner.}}

{{center|Federal burial party, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 144–47.</ref>}}

{{center|Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield}}

{{center|"A Lonely Grave"—Federal grave at Antietam, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 171–74.</ref>}}

{{center|Antietam Battlefield photograph, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Original description claimed "Battlefield of Antietam on the Day of the Battle" September 17, 1862; however, see Frassanito, pp. 70–73.</ref>}}

{{center|"Artillery Hell", by James Hope (Dunker Church at the far left)}}

{{center|"A Fateful Turn"—Late morning looking east toward the Roulette Farm", by James Hope}}

{{center|"The Aftermath at Bloody Lane", by James Hope}}

{{center|"Wasted Gallantry", by James Hope}}

{{center|"A Crucial Delay", by James Hope}}

{{center|The Lutheran Church just east of Sharpsburg marks the extent of the Union offensive during the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

"Battle of Antietam" by Thure de Thulstrup, showing the charge of the Iron Brigade near Dunker Church

Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia—about 55,000 men —entered the state of Maryland on September 3, following their victory at Second Bull Run on August 30.

Brig. Gen. David R. Jones (brigades of Brig. Gens. Robert A. Toombs, Thomas F. Drayton, Richard B. Garnett, James L. Kemper, and Cols. Joseph A. Walker and George T. Anderson).

(Corby would later perform a similar service at Gettysburg in 1863.) The mostly Irish immigrants lost 540 men to heavy volleys before they were ordered to withdraw.