Battle of Legnano and Related Topics

A golden bust of Frederick I, given to his godfather Count Otto of Cappenberg in 1171. It was used as a reliquary in Cappenberg Abbey and is said in the deed of the gift to have been made "in the likeness of the emperor".

Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

10 links

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later.

13th-century stained glass image of Frederick I, Strasbourg Cathedral

Penny or denier with Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, struck in Nijmegen

Wax seal of Frederick I, used in the imperial residence of Pfalz Wimpfen

Frederick's so-called baptismal cup, silver, partly gilded, Aachen 1160

The Barbarossa Chandelier in Aachen Cathedral was donated by Frederick sometime after 1165 as a tribute to Charlemagne.

Frederick Barbarossa, middle, flanked by two of his children, King Henry VI (left) and Duke Frederick VI (right). From the Historia Welforum

The now secularised St Peter's Church at Petersberg Citadel, Erfurt, where Henry the Lion submitted to Barbarossa in 1181

Path of the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa's path in red

Frederick Barbarossa depicted during the Third Crusade

Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph, from the Gotha Manuscript of the Saxon World Chronicle

A German expedition led by Johann Nepomuk Sepp to excavate the bones from the ruins of the Crusader Cathedral of Tyre, 1879

The Frederick Barbarossa Memorial, near Silifke in Mersin Province, southern Turkey. The text explains in Turkish and German how Frederick drowned nearby.

Frederick Barbarossa as a crusader, miniature from a copy of the Historia Hierosolymitana, 1188

Frederick sends out the boy to see whether the ravens still fly.

Pavia, Basilica of San Michele Maggiore, the five stones above which the throne was placed during coronation of Frederick I.

Frederick suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Legnano near Milan, on 29 May 1176, where he was wounded and for some time was believed to be dead.

Lombard standard bearer re-entering Milan in 1167 (the year of the League's foundation) after its destruction in 1162 by Emperor Frederick I. Bas-relief Porta Romana, Milan (1171)

Lombard League

9 links

Medieval alliance formed in 1167, supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to assert influence over the Kingdom of Italy as a part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Member cities of the first and second Lombard League.

Lombard milites depicted on the Porta Romana relief of 1171

A Bronze replica of the Peace of Constance in Konstanz. Illustrating the comunes of the Lombard League in 1183.

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Cortenuova (1237)

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Parma (1248)

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Fossalta (1249)

At the Battle of Legnano on 29 May 1176, the emperor's army finally was defeated.

Northern Italy

6 links

Geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.

Ancient peoples of Northern Italy, with Celtic peoples shown in blue.

Migration of the Lombards towards Northern Italy

The Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries a symbol of the Kings of Italy

Anti-Fascist Partisans in the streets of Bologna after the general insurrection of April 1945

The Alps in Val Maira, Province of Cuneo

Farming landscape in the Po Plain at Sant'Agata Bolognese

Alpine lakes like Lake Garda are characterised by warmer microclimates than the surrounding areas

Fog on the Secchia River near Modena. Fog is a common occurrence in the Po Plain

Languages and regional varieties in Italy

This process led to the creation of different Lombard Leagues formed by allied cities of Lombardy that defeated the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick I, at Legnano, and his grandson Frederick II, at Parma, and becoming virtually independent from the German emperors.

Legnano

4 links

Italian town and comune in the north-westernmost part of the Province of Milan, about 20 km from central Milan.

The mosaic of via dei bambini, located on the area once belonging to the Cantons cotton mill. In the background, the church of San Domenico.

Roman finds, dating to the 1st century AD, discovered in Legnano in 1925–26. They are preserved at the Museo civico Guido Sutermeister in Legnano.

Findings linked to the Culture of Golasecca recent (V sec. BC) found in 1937 in Legnano and preserved at the Museo civico Guido Sutermeister.

A map of Legnano from 1850: it can still see the two inhabitants of Legnano (on the left) and Legnanello (on the left) at the time still distinct and divided by the Olona and the Olonella. The two towns then settled into a single urban conglomerate with the construction expansion of the 20th century.

The Battaglia di Legnano (en. Battle of Legnano) by Amos Cassioli (1860), a painting preserved at the Gallery of Modern Art at Palazzo Pitti in Florence.

A video showing the stages of the Battle of Legnano, highlighting the movements of the troops

The demolished Mulino Arcivescovile in Legnano in 1849.

Corso Garibaldi to Piazza San Magno in Legnano. On the extreme left, the balcony from which Giuseppe Garibaldi spoke to the legnanesi urging them to erect a monument to remember the Battle of Legnano, which was later built.

Palazzo Malinverni, Legnano town hall. It was built from 1908 to 1909 in the medieval style.

View of one of the building of the former sanatorio Regina Elena.

Thermal power station Regina Margherita, exposed to the Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci in Milan. It was built by Franco Tosi Meccanica in 1895.

The Reggimento "Savoia Cavalleria" as the Company of Death for the Palio di Legnano 1939.

A glimpse of the legnanese plant of the Manifattura di Legnano.

Basilica di San Magno and Palazzo Malinverni.

The "Gallerie Cantoni" shopping centre in Legnano, which is partly made from the former factories of the cotton mill of the same name.

In the center of the image, the Teatro città di Legnano.

Agricultural area near the legnanese quartier of Mazzafame.

Monumento ai Caduti sul lavoro di Gianluigi Bennati

Villa Jucker, home of the association Famiglia Legnanese.

A 17th-century fresco by Francesco e Giovanni Battista Lampugnani decorated the basilica of San Magno and depicting the Assumption of Mary.

The Legnano racing bicycles team of 1963.

Coppa Bernocchi 2014. In the background, the church of Saints Gervasio and Protasio in Parabiago.

The "Little Stelvio", which is located between Castiglione Olona and Morazzone and which is called in this way because there is a difference of about 153 meters: it is one of the fixed passages of the Coppa Bernocchi.

Because of the historic victory of the Lombard League over Frederick Barbarossa at Legnano, it is the only town other than Rome named in the Italian national anthem ("[...] Dall'Alpi a Sicilia dovunque è Legnano [...]", en.

Carroccio

7 links

Large four-wheeled wagon bearing the city signs around which the militia of the medieval communes gathered and fought.

The Carroccio of Legnano, a history painting by Amos Cassioli (1832–1891).

The battle of Legnano in a painting by Massimo d'Azeglio. In the background, the cross and the city signs are positioned on the Carroccio

Plaque commemorates the departure of the Carroccio in San Simpliciano church towards Legnano just before the homonymous battle

Reproduction of the Carroccio during the historical parade of the Palio di Legnano 2015

On the right, the Carroccio during the battle of Legnano on a painting by Amos Cassioli

Reproduction of the Carroccio of Siena during the Palio 2006

The Carroccio was the protagonist in the battle of Legnano on 29 May 1176, during which it was defended, according to legend, by the Company of Death led by Alberto da Giussano, a fictional character who actually appeared only in literary works of the following century.

Cremona

5 links

City and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Pianura Padana (Po Valley).

City coat of arms of Cremona on the town hall

The Cathedral and the Baptistery of Cremona

Statue of Stradivari in Stradivari Square

Astronomical clock on the Torrazzo belltower

Its troops were part of the army that, on 29 May 1176, defeated Barbarossa in the Battle of Legnano.

Brescia

5 links

City and comune in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy.

Winged Victory of Brescia (1st century).

Map of Brescia in the early 18th century.

Piazza della Vittoria, example of Italian rationalism, built between 1927 and 1932 by the architect Marcello Piacentini.

Palazzo della Loggia, Brescia City Hall.

Palazzo Broletto, seat of the Province and of the Prefecture of Brescia.

The interior of the church of Santa Maria in Solario with the Cross of Desiderius.

Domus dell'Ortaglia, remains of a group of ancient Roman domus.

The two cathedrals of Brescia: the Old (at right) and the New (at left).

The Monumental Cemetery and the Lighthouse of Brescia.

Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo: Angel by Raphael.

University of Brescia, Economics faculty.

Classic lyceum "Arnaldo", established in 1797, is one of the oldest and most prominent high schools in Brescia.

Vineyards in the middle of the city with an extension of 4 ha

Brescia's former tram network (1882–1949)

The monument representing a lion, the sign on the coat of arms of the city. The monument is also commonly considered a dedication to the "Lioness of Italy", nickname given to the city after the resistance the people of Brescia put in place during the Ten Days of Brescia in 1849 against the Austrians.

Monument to La Bella Italia, realized in 1864 in the memory of the Ten Days of Brescia.

Monument to Arnaldo in the homonymous square, realized in 1882.

Monument to Giuseppe Garibaldi, realized in 1889.

Interior view of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church

Internal view of the Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie church

Internal view of the Santissimo Corpo di Cristo church

Bonomini Tomb also known as the Dog's Tomb

Corso Zanardelli and Teatro Grande main entrance

Bruni Conter Palace and Niccolò Tartaglia statue

In the Battle of Legnano the contingent from Brescia was second in size to that of Milan.

Lombardy

4 links

One of the twenty administrative regions of Italy.

Pizzo Coca is the highest peak in the Bergamasque Alps (3,050 m)

The Adda, the longest river within the region and tributary of the Po

The Rock Drawings in Valcamonica are among the largest collections of prehistoric petroglyphs in the world.

For centuries, the Iron Crown of Lombardy was used in the Coronation of the King of Italy.

The Consulta of the République cisalpine receives the First Consul on 26 January 1802

A view over the business district of Milan: with a metropolitan area of 7.4m people, it is Italy's most important industrial, commercial and financial center.

Palazzo Lombardia, the main seat of the government of Lombardy.

The provinces/metropolitan cities of Lombardy

The Last Supper, Convent of Sta. Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy (1499), by Leonardo da Vinci

The Floating Piers by Christo and Jeanne-Claude on Lake Iseo (2016)

Gorgonzola cheese takes its name from the homonymous city near Milan

The auditorium of the Teatro alla Scala in Milan.

Dolce & Gabbana is headquartered in Milan.

Provolone Valpadana (pasta filata cheese)

This process reached its apex in the 12th and 13th centuries, when different Lombard Leagues formed by allied cities of Lombardy, usually led by Milan, managed to defeat the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick I, at Legnano, but not his grandson Frederick II, at Battle of Cortenuova.

Palio di Legnano

3 links

Festivity in San Magno Square in Legnano in 1876, seven centuries after the battle (29 May 1876)

Legnano at the beginning of the 20th century

The regency of the Contrada San Domenico in the 1970s. The first on the left is Vittorio Ciapparelli, first winner of the Palio di Legnano (1935).

The Carroccio in the medieval pageant for the Palio di Legnano 1939

Chatelaines and dames posing in front of the monument to the Warrior of Legnano (1939)

The Savoia Cavalleria regiment in the role of the Company of Death for the Palio di Legnano 1939

Medieval pageant for the Palio di Legnano 1955. In the fifties the medieval pageant started from the church of reference of the contrada that won the palio of the previous year. In this case the parade started from the church of the Santissimo Redentore, which can be seen in the background, of the Contrada Legnarello

Religious investiture of the captains of the contrada in San Magno Square for the Palio di Legnano 1956

Medieval pageant for a 1960s edition of the Palio di Legnano

The horses stopped at the canapo (the front rope) before the mossa, or the start, at the Palio di Legnano 2013

A moment of the medieval pageant of the Palio di Legnano 2013. In the background, the Basilica of San Magno

Medieval pageant for the Palio di Legnano 2013

Arrival at the stadio Giovanni Mari of the historic parade of Palio di Legnano 2014

Flag-wavers of the Palio di Legnano during the exhibition held for the 2016 edition

Medieval pageant of the Palio di Legnano 2015

The horse race of the Palio di Legnano 2014

Visconteo Castle of Legnano, headquarters of Collegio dei Capitani e delle Contrade

Propitiatory dinner in the Contrada San Magno for the Palio di Legnano 2015. In the background, Palazzo Leone da Perego

Palazzo Malinverni, seat of the municipality of Legnano

Villa Jucker, home of the Famiglia Legnanese

Square and basilica of San Magno in Legnano

Registration of the contrade at the Palio di Legnano 2016

Holy Mass on the Carroccio for the Palio di Legnano 2015

Map of the route of the historic parade of Palio di Legnano

Il Carroccio during the medieval pageant of the Palio di Legnano 2015. In the background, Palazzo Malinverni

The medieval pageant of the Palio di Legnano 2015

The medieval pageant of the Palio di Legnano 2013

Gonfaloni at the stadio Giovanni Mari before the horse race of Palio di Legnano 2014

The Company of Death that is preparing to carry out the charge, at the Palio di Legnano 2014

Draw for the horse race of Palio di Legnano 2016 carried out by the mayor of Legnano, here in the role of supreme magistrate of the palio

The start of the horse race, which is decreed by the lowering canapo (the front rope), of the Palio di Legnano 2013

Horse race of the Palio di Legnano 2016. On the left you see a horse without a jockey, who can still compete for the victory of the race

The reproduction of Aribert's Cross, coveted palio of the horse race, carried in triumph by the Contrada members of San Domenico immediately after the victory in the Palio di Legnano 2013

Interior of the manor of the Contrada San Bernardino. Around the effigy of Saint Bernardino, the victory bands are placed

The Palio di Legnano (known locally simply as Il Palio) is a folk event generally held on the last Sunday of May in the City Of Legnano, Italy, to recall the Battle of Legnano held on 29 May 1176 by the Lombard League and the Holy Roman Empire of Frederick Barbarossa.

Italy