A report on Lombard League, Battle of Legnano and Treaty of Venice

Lombard standard bearer re-entering Milan in 1167 (the year of the League's foundation) after its destruction in 1162 by Emperor Frederick I. Bas-relief Porta Romana, Milan (1171)

The defense of the Carroccio during the battle of Legnano (by Amos Cassioli, 1860)

Fresco in Palazzo Pubblico, Siena depicting the submission of the emperor to the Pope

Member cities of the first and second Lombard League.

Frederick Barbarossa in a miniature of 1188

Lombard milites depicted on the Porta Romana relief of 1171

A Bronze replica of the Peace of Constance in Konstanz. Illustrating the comunes of the Lombard League in 1183.

The Milanese in the presence of Frederick Barbarossa ask for clemency after the surrender of the city (1162)

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Cortenuova (1237)

Pontida: plaque commemorating the constitutive oath of the Lombard League (1167).

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Parma (1248)

Frederick Barbarossa kneeling before Henry the Lion at Chiavenna

Medieval miniature depicting the Battle of Fossalta (1249)

The sepulcher and a copy of the cross by Ariberto d'Intimiano, in Milan Cathedral.

The Olona River at the Visconteo castle in Legnano

A video showing the phases of the battle of Legnano, highlighting the troop movements

The Carroccio during the battle of Legnano in a painting by Amos Cassioli

The ancient medieval church of San Giorgio in a watercolor by Giuseppe Pirovano of 1892

The Carroccio with the cross of Aribert in a miniature of the 11th century

The soldiers of the Lombard League who seek in vain the dead body of Frederick Barbarossa on a 1913 illustration

View of the Parco castello in Legnano. In the background you can see the Legnanese quarter of Costa San Giorgio, while in the foreground you can see part of the escarpment that may have been the scene of the battle of Legnano

The church of San Martino in Legnano, which dominates a slope that slopes down towards the Olona, another possible place where the battle of Legnano may have been fought

Konstanz: commemorative plaque of the peace treaty

Il Monument to the Warrior of Legnano, often mistakenly associated with Alberto da Giussano

The Battle of Legnano was a battle between the imperial army of Frederick Barbarossa and the troops of the Lombard League on May 29, 1176, near the town of Legnano in present-day Lombardy, in Italy.

- Battle of Legnano

The Treaty or Peace of Venice, 1177, was a peace treaty between the papacy and its allies, the north Italian city-states of the Lombard League, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.

- Treaty of Venice

The treaty followed on the heels of the Battle of Legnano of 29 May 1176, a defeat for Frederick Barbarossa.

- Treaty of Venice

At the Battle of Legnano on 29 May 1176, the emperor's army finally was defeated.

- Lombard League

The Treaty of Venice, which took place in 1177, established a six-year truce from August, 1178 to 1183, when in the Peace of Constance a compromise was found where after the Italian cities agreed to remain loyal to the Holy Roman Empire but retained local jurisdiction and droit de régale over their territories.

- Lombard League

Having no support at home, Frederick, to try to resolve the dispute, tried the diplomatic approach, with the armistice that was signed at the Venice congress of 1177.

- Battle of Legnano

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A golden bust of Frederick I, given to his godfather Count Otto of Cappenberg in 1171. It was used as a reliquary in Cappenberg Abbey and is said in the deed of the gift to have been made "in the likeness of the emperor".

Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

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The Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later.

13th-century stained glass image of Frederick I, Strasbourg Cathedral

Penny or denier with Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, struck in Nijmegen

Wax seal of Frederick I, used in the imperial residence of Pfalz Wimpfen

Frederick's so-called baptismal cup, silver, partly gilded, Aachen 1160

The Barbarossa Chandelier in Aachen Cathedral was donated by Frederick sometime after 1165 as a tribute to Charlemagne.

Frederick Barbarossa, middle, flanked by two of his children, King Henry VI (left) and Duke Frederick VI (right). From the Historia Welforum

The now secularised St Peter's Church at Petersberg Citadel, Erfurt, where Henry the Lion submitted to Barbarossa in 1181

Path of the Third Crusade, Frederick Barbarossa's path in red

Frederick Barbarossa depicted during the Third Crusade

Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph, from the Gotha Manuscript of the Saxon World Chronicle

A German expedition led by Johann Nepomuk Sepp to excavate the bones from the ruins of the Crusader Cathedral of Tyre, 1879

The Frederick Barbarossa Memorial, near Silifke in Mersin Province, southern Turkey. The text explains in Turkish and German how Frederick drowned nearby.

Frederick Barbarossa as a crusader, miniature from a copy of the Historia Hierosolymitana, 1188

Frederick sends out the boy to see whether the ravens still fly.

Pavia, Basilica of San Michele Maggiore, the five stones above which the throne was placed during coronation of Frederick I.

) He was opposed by the pro-papal Lombard League (now joined by Venice, Sicily and Constantinople), which had previously formed to stand against him.

Frederick suffered a heavy defeat at the Battle of Legnano near Milan, on 29 May 1176, where he was wounded and for some time was believed to be dead.

In the Peace of Anagni in 1176, Frederick recognized Alexander III as pope, and in the Peace of Venice in 1177, Frederick and Alexander III were formally reconciled.