A report on Hebei, Beijing and Inner Mongolia

The Tianning Pagoda, built around 1120 during the Liao dynasty.

Nearly 1100-year-old Iron Lion of Cangzhou

One of the corner towers of the Forbidden City, built by the Yongle Emperor during the early Ming dynasty

Persian miniature depicting Genghis Khan entering Beijing

Tricolor Duck-Shaped Cup, Tang Dynasty, unearthed from Anxin County

Overlapping layout of Beijing during the Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming dynasties

The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, Hebei, built in 1771 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

Summer Palace is one of the several palatial gardens built by Qing emperors in the northwest suburb area.

Mongolia plateau during early 17th century

Chongwenmen, a gate to the inner walled city, c. 1906

Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820

Langyashan (Wolf Tooth Mountain), in Yi County

A large portrait of Chiang Kai-shek was displayed above Tiananmen after WWII.

Section of the Great Wall of China at Jinshanling

Mao Zedong proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949

Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans

A scene from the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

Landsat 7 Satellite image of Beijing Municipality with the surrounding mountains in dark brown

1940s Nationalist Beijing with predominantly traditional architecture

Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, Hexigten Banner

The Lingxiao Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the Song dynasty

The sign of Doujiao Hutong, one of the many traditional alleyways in the inner city

Beijing average annual temperatures from 1970 to 2019 during summer (June, July, and August) and winter (December, January, and February). Weather station data from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/. For comparison the Global Surface Temperature Anomaly rose by approximately one degree over the same time period.

Heavy air pollution has resulted in widespread smog. These photographs, taken in August 2005, show the variations in Beijing's air quality.

The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei province, built in 636 AD during the Tang dynasty

Houhai Lake and Drum Tower at Shichahai, in the Xicheng District

A KFC in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in Chinese and Mongolian

Xidan is one of the oldest and busiest shopping areas in Beijing.

Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan in the town of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, in the Mu Us Desert. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and Mongolian folk religion.

The Taikoo Li Sanlitun shopping arcade is a destination for locals and visitors.

Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jade dragon of the Hongshan culture (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in Ongniud, Chifeng

Zhongguancun is a technology hub in Haidian District

Qianmen Avenue, a traditional commercial street outside Qianmen Gate along the southern Central Axis

Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot

Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin

Beijing Acrobatic Performance (10553642935)

Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Aohan

Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Khoshuu, Alxa Aimag

Maidari Juu temple fortress ({{zh|labels=no |c=美岱召 |p=měidài zhào}}) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou

Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)

Da Zhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579

Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian

Church of the Saviour, also known as the Xishiku Church, built in 1703

The China Central Television Headquarters building in CBD

Badain Jaran temple (1868) in western Inner Mongolia

Fireworks above Olympic venues during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics

Tai chi (Taijiquan) practitioners at the Fragrant Hills Park

Beijing Workers' Stadium at night as viewed from Sanlitun

Beijing railway station, one of several rail stations in the city

Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756

Badaling Expressway overpass near the Great Wall

Typical Beijing traffic signage found at intersections

Terminal 3 of the Beijing Capital International Airport

Two Line 1 trains on the Beijing Subway, which is among the longest and busiest rapid transit systems in the world

Bicyclists during rush hour at the Chang'an Avenue, 2009

KJ-2000 and J-10s started the flypast formation on the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.

Nevertheless, its built-up area, the third largest in China after Guangzhou and Shanghai, is slightly bigger, including three districts in Hebei (Sanhe, Dachang Hui and Zhuozhou) being conurbated but with Miyun and Pinggu Districts in Beijing not agglomerated yet.

- Beijing

Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast and Liaoning to the northeast, as well as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north.

- Hebei

In 1421, when the Yongle Emperor moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, the province started to be called as "North Zhili" or just "Zhili", which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".

- Hebei

During the Warring States period, King Wuling (340–295 BC) of the state of Zhao based in what is now Hebei and Shanxi Provinces pursued an expansionist policy towards the region.

- Inner Mongolia

In 938, after the fall of the Tang, the Later Jin ceded the frontier territory including what is now Beijing to the Khitan Liao dynasty, which treated the city as Nanjing, or the "Southern Capital", one of four secondary capitals to complement its "Supreme Capital" Shangjing (modern Baarin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia).

- Beijing

Bashang Grasslands, on the border close to Beijing, is a popular retreat for urban residents wanting to get a taste of grasslands life.

- Inner Mongolia

6 related topics with Alpha

Yuan dynasty

1 links

Successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division and a conquest dynasty of imperial China established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu), leader of the Mongol Borjigin clan, lasting from 1271 to 1368.

Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty

Guan Daosheng "the most famous and talented female painter and calligrapher in Chinese history" flourished in the Yuan dynasty

The Bailin Temple Pagoda of Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province, built in 1330 during the Yuan dynasty

A Yuan dynasty blue-and-white porcelain dish with fish and flowing water design, mid-14th century, Freer Gallery of Art

Yuan underglaze blue Jingdezhen porcelain plate

A plate made of lacquer, wood, and paper from the Yuan dynasty. The Chinese were able to perfect a method of making lacquer. Decorating this plate are parrots and peonies. The parrot was a symbol of fidelity; because of its ability to mimic human speech, it was believed to be a suitable companion to a woman whose husband was away from home. The bird would be able to inform each person of the other's activities. The peony was a symbol of female virtue. When shown in full bloom, it is a token of love, affection, and feminine beauty. Birmingham Museum of Art.

The Yuan dynasty arched bridges of Taicang were built to show the prosperity the city enjoyed under the Yuan.

A diagram of Pascal's triangle in Zhu Shijie's Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303

Yuan dynasty banknote with its printing plate, 1287

A revolving typecase with individual movable type characters from Wang Zhen's Nong Shu, published in 1313

Blue-and-white Covered Jar with Fretwork Floral Design in Red and Blue Glaze, excavated in Baoding

Painting of Kublai Khan on a hunting expedition, by Chinese court artist Liu Guandao, c. 1280

Wine jar with fish and aquatic plants, 14th century. Porcelain with underglaze cobalt blue decoration. Brooklyn Museum.

Manichaean Diagram of the Universe, a painting describing Yuan period Manichaean cosmology

A Yuan Qingbai porcelain statue of Guanyin, a bodhisattva of Mahayana Buddhism

Box with pavilion and figures, Yuan dynasty.

Covered box with lunar palace, 14th century. Yuan dynasty.

Jinan Great Southern Mosque was completed during the reign of Temür Khan (the Emperor Chengzong of Yuan).

Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty.

Magic square in Arabic numerals (Yuan dynasty)

Chuangzi Nu (Yuan dynasty)<ref name="bm">{{cite web |url = http://www.grandhistorian.com/chinesesiegewarfare/index-english12122007.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=November 11, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091202081843/http://www.grandhistorian.com/chinesesiegewarfare/index-english12122007.html |archive-date=December 2, 2009 }}</ref>

Yuan painting of a legendary figure riding on a dragon.

Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan during his youth

Chinese stone inscription of a Nestorian Christian Cross from a monastery of Fangshan District in Beijing (then called Dadu, or Khanbaliq), dated to the Yuan Dynasty

Ögedei offered his nephew Kublai a position in Xingzhou, Hebei.

He adopted as his capital city Kaiping in Inner Mongolia, later renamed Shangdu.

Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266.

Liao dynasty

1 links

Imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.

Khitan man in tomb painting in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia

Khitan tomb mural in Inner Mongolia – attendants holding a musical instrument, bow and arrows, boots, and a falcon

Liao or Jin dynasty (1115–1234) helmets and mask

Zhuoxie tu, a 10th-century painting of a rest stop for the khan

The King of Dongdan Goes Forth (東丹王出行圖), scroll, light colors on silk. 146.8 x 77.3 cm. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Attributed to Li Zanhua (李贊華 909–946), but possibly a later artist.

Khitans hunting with birds of prey, 9–10th centuries

Geyuan Temple Wenshu Hall built in 966 is the oldest extant Liao building

First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War, 993

Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War, 1018

The Pagoda of Fogong Temple, built by Emperor Daozong of Liao in 1056 at the site of his grandmother's family home.

Gilt silver crown, excavated in 1986 from the tomb of Princess of Chen and her husband in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia.

Gilt bronze statue of the six-tusked elephant holding the throne of Puxian (Samantabhadra), the Bodhisattva of Universal Virtue, c. 1000 Liao dynasty

Epitaph of Xiao Guanyin, the wife of Emperor Daozong of Liao, in Khitan small script

Collapse of the Liao dynasty (1117–1124)

Depiction of Xiongnu cavalry in the Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute, commissioned by Emperor Gaozong of Song. While the subjects are the Xiongnu, the hairstyle depicted is distinctly Khitan, and likely based on northern steppe peoples contemporary to the Song.

Miniature model of a Khitan tent found in the Hadatu tomb in 1973

Fragment of a tomb mural showing a Khitan boy

Aguda, posthumously Emperor Taizu of Jin, founder of the Jurchen Jin dynasty

The Tianning Temple Pagoda, a Buddhist structure built at Liao Nanjing ("Southern Capital", modern Beijing) in 1120 during the last years of the Liao dynasty

Liao paiza authorizing an imperial decree with the utmost urgency

Liao seal with the Chinese inscription 臨潢府軍器庫之印 "Seal of the Armoury of Linhuang Prefecture"

Horse and Archer, believed to have been painted by Yelü Bei.

Liao silver coin in Khitan large script translated as "天朝萬順" (Heavenly Dynasty — Myriad [affairs are] Favourable).

The only extant manuscript in the Khitan language, Folio 9 of manuscript codex Nova N 176

Female funerary mask and crown from the Liao dynasty

A Liao dynasty polychrome wood-carved statue depicting Guanyin in the Water Moon pose, which raises the right knee and rests the right arm on top of it, symbolizing the divinity of the Pure land, Guanyin's personal paradise, which Guanyin puts off going to until s/he has saved humanity.

One of the famous set of lifesize Yixian glazed pottery luohans, sancai, early 12th century

Khitan hunters in a painting by Chen Juzhong, 1196

A brick stupa in the Khitan city of Hedong (Bars-Hot)

Luohan statue, Liao dynasty, 11th century

Liao era bronze figure of Gautama Buddha

Bronze Guanyin statue from the Chinese section of the Supreme Capital

Liao era painted wooden statue of Guanyin

Bronze statue of Guanyin, Liao dynasty, 10th century

Rebellion of Li Jinzhong and Sun Wanrong against the Tang dynasty in 696-697

Liao tomb mural showing Khitan men with banners, drums, and maces

The most important early gains was the Sixteen Prefectures (including present-day Beijing and part of Hebei) by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of the Later Tang dynasty (923–936).

At its height, the Liao dynasty controlled what is now Shanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia provinces in China, as well as northern portions of the Korean peninsula, portions of the Russian Far East, and much of the country of Mongolia.

North China

0 links

Northern China (a much broader area named Beifang)

North China, or Huabei is a geographical region of China, consisting of the provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia.

Manchu people

0 links

Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Prince Zaitao dresses in modern reformed uniform of late Qing dynasty

"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011

the cover of the Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book

A musketeer wearing a queue and formal hat

Han and Manchu clothing coexisted during Qing dynasty

Han Chinese general Zhang Zhiyuan wearing Qing military outfit.

Painting of the Qianlong Emperor hunting

Manchu wrestlers competed in front of the Qianlong Emperor

The performance of Manchu palace skaters on holiday

Manchu autonomous area in Liaoning.{{#tag:ref|Autonomous counties are shown in bright green. Counties with autonomous townships are in dark green, with the number of Manchu townshipin each county shown in red (or yellow). So are another 2 pictures|group=note}}

Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing have over 100,000 Manchu residents.

The Ming dynasty Great Wall at Jinshanling

Great Wall of China

0 links

Series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.

Huayi tu, a 1136 map of China with the Great Wall depicted on the northern edge of the country

The Great Wall of the Qin stretches from Lintao to Liaodong

The Great Wall of the Han is the longest of all walls, from Mamitu near Yumenguan to Liaodong

The extent of the Ming Empire and its walls

Part of the Great Wall of China (April 1853, X, p. 41)

A more rural portion of the Great Wall that stretches through the mountains, here seen in slight disrepair

Identical satellite images of a section of the Great Wall in northern Shanxi, running diagonally from lower left to upper right and not to be confused with the more prominent river running from upper left to lower right. In the image on the right, the Great Wall has been outlined in red. The region pictured is 12 x.

Great Wall of Han dynasty near Yumenguan.

thumb|Remains of Beacon tower near Yumenguan, 2011

"The First Mound" – at Jiayu Pass, the western terminus of the Ming wall

The Juyongguan area of the Great Wall accepts numerous tourists each day

Environmental protection sign near Great Wall, 2011

Ming Great Wall at Simatai, overlooking the gorge

Mutianyu Great Wall. This is atop the wall on a section that has not been restored

The Old Dragon Head, the Great Wall where it meets the sea in the vicinity of Shanhai Pass

Dynasties founded by non-Han ethnic groups also built their border walls: the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei, the Khitan-ruled Liao, Jurchen-led Jin and the Tangut-established Western Xia, who ruled vast territories over Northern China throughout centuries, all constructed defensive walls but those were located much to the north of the other Great Walls as we know it, within China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia and in modern-day Mongolia itself.

About half of the sites are located in Inner Mongolia (31%) and Hebei (19%).

While portions north of Beijing and near tourist centers have been preserved and even extensively renovated, in many other locations the wall is in disrepair.

Map of China's prefectural level divisions

Administrative divisions of China

0 links

The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area.

The Qing dynasty in 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange

The Constitution of China provides for five levels: the provincial (province, autonomous region, municipality, and special administrative region), the prefectural (prefecture-level city [officially "city with district-level divisions" (设区的市) and "city without district-level divisions" (不设区的市)], autonomous prefecture, prefecture [additional division] and league [the alternative name of “prefecture” which is used in Inner Mongolia]), county (district, county, county-level city [officially “city without district-level divisions”], autonomous county, banner [the alternative name of “county” which is used in Inner Mongolia], autonomous banner [the alternative name of “autonomous county” which is used in Inner Mongolia], special district [additional division], forestry area [additional division]) and township.

Municipality of China, literally "direct-controlled city" in Chinese, there being actually four: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing

Prefecture-level city, for example, Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province