A report on Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin and Song dynasty

The Tianning Pagoda, built around 1120 during the Liao dynasty.
1913 map of Tianjin
The Song dynasty at its greatest extent in 1111
One of the corner towers of the Forbidden City, built by the Yongle Emperor during the early Ming dynasty
Nearly 1100-year-old Iron Lion of Cangzhou
Church of Our Lady's Victories, built in 1869, was the site of the Tianjin Church Massacre.
Emperor Taizu of Song (960–976), a court portrait painting
Overlapping layout of Beijing during the Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming dynasties
Tricolor Duck-Shaped Cup, Tang Dynasty, unearthed from Anxin County
Peiyang University, established 1895
A portrait of Emperor Taizong of Song ( 976–997)
Summer Palace is one of the several palatial gardens built by Qing emperors in the northwest suburb area.
The Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, Hebei, built in 1771 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
Tung Lai Bank building on Heping Road, built in 1930
A wooden Bodhisattva from the Song dynasty (960–1279).
Chongwenmen, a gate to the inner walled city, c. 1906
Hebei in 1936
Major crossing (Rue Général Foch and Rue de Chaylard) of downtown Tientsin in French concession
A Liao dynasty polychrome wood-carved statue of Guan Yin, Shanxi Province, China, (907–1125)
A large portrait of Chiang Kai-shek was displayed above Tiananmen after WWII.
Langyashan (Wolf Tooth Mountain), in Yi County
Asahi Street (now Heping Road) in 1939 Tianjin flood
A portrait of Emperor Gaozong of Song (r. 1127–1162)
Mao Zedong proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949
Section of the Great Wall of China at Jinshanling
P.R.China's 10th anniversary parade in Tianjin in 1959
Southern Song in 1142. The western and southern borders remain unchanged from the previous map. However, the north of the Qinling Huaihe Line was under the control of the Jin dynasty. The Xia dynasty's territory generally remained unchanged. In the southwest, the Song dynasty bordered a territory about a sixth its size, the Dali dynasty.
A scene from the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.
Bashang Meadows in Fengning County
Tianjin Eye
Emperor Taizu of Song, Emperor Taizong of Song, prime minister Zhao Pu and other ministers playing Cuju, an early form of football, by Qian Xuan (1235–1305)
Landsat 7 Satellite image of Beijing Municipality with the surrounding mountains in dark brown
Downtown Shijiazhuang.
Monument of TEDA
A 12th-century painting by Su Hanchen; a girl waves a peacock feather banner like the one used in dramatical theater to signal an acting leader of troops.
1940s Nationalist Beijing with predominantly traditional architecture
A building in downtown Zhangjiakou.
Population density and low elevation coastal zones in the Tianjin area. Tianjin is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.
The Donglin Academy, an educational institution equivalent to modern-day college. It was originally built in 1111 during the Northern Song dynasty.
The sign of Doujiao Hutong, one of the many traditional alleyways in the inner city
The Lingxiao Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the Song dynasty
Tianjin (labeled as T'IEN-CHIN (TIENTSIN) 天津) (1955)
Traction trebuchet on an Early Song Dynasty warship from the Wujing Zongyao. Trebuchets like this were used to launch the earliest type of explosive bombs.
Beijing average annual temperatures from 1970 to 2019 during summer (June, July, and August) and winter (December, January, and February). Weather station data from ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/. For comparison the Global Surface Temperature Anomaly rose by approximately one degree over the same time period.
Hejian-styled donkey burger
Map of the Hai River Basin
Armoured Song cavalry
Heavy air pollution has resulted in widespread smog. These photographs, taken in August 2005, show the variations in Beijing's air quality.
A Ding ware bowl
2011 satellite image of Tianjin. The city center was on the left, while the smaller urban area to the right was the Binhai New Area.
The Liaodi Pagoda, the tallest pre-modern Chinese pagoda, built in 1055; it was intended as a Buddhist religious structure, yet served a military purpose as a watchtower for reconnaissance.
Houhai Lake and Drum Tower at Shichahai, in the Xicheng District
The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei province, built in 636 AD during the Tang dynasty
Hai River in 2011
Chinese calligraphy of mixed styles written by Song dynasty poet Mi Fu (1051–1107)
Xidan is one of the oldest and busiest shopping areas in Beijing.
View of the Chengde Mountain Resort
Airport Industrial Park, Dongli District
Portrait of the Chinese Zen Buddhist Wuzhun Shifan, painted in 1238 AD.
Beijing products treemap, 2020
Then-Premier Wen Jiabao, himself a Tianjin native, and Klaus Schwab at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum in Tianjin, 2010
Dried jujubes such as these were imported to Song China from South Asia and the Middle East. An official from Canton was invited to the home of an Arab merchant, and described the jujube as thus: "This fruit is the color of sugar, its skin and its pulp are sweet, and it gives the impression, when you eat it, of having first been cooked in the oven and then allowed to dry."
The Taikoo Li Sanlitun shopping arcade is a destination for locals and visitors.
Tianjin city center
Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 AD.
The skyline of Beijing CBD
Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area
Facsimile of Zhu Shijie's Jade Mirror of Four Unknowns
Zhongguancun is a technology hub in Haidian District
US Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi visiting a Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle factory in 2009
The Yu Ji Tu, or "Map of the Tracks of Yu", carved into stone in 1137, located in the Stele Forest of Xi'an. This 3 ft squared map features a graduated scale of 100 li for each rectangular grid. China's coastline and river systems are clearly defined and precisely pinpointed on the map. Yu refers to the Chinese deity described in the geographical chapter of the Book of Documents, dated 5th–3rd centuries BCE.
The Beijing Ancient Observatory
Old Guanyinhao Bank
A plan and side view of a canal pound lock, a concept pioneered in 984 by the Assistant Commissioner of Transport for Huainan, the engineer Qiao Weiyo.
Qianmen Avenue, a traditional commercial street outside Qianmen Gate along the southern Central Axis
Crosstalk in Tianjin
are lines of Song dynasty stone statues
Inside the Forbidden City
Nankai University
Scholars of the Song dynasty claim to have collected ancient relics dating back as far as the Shang dynasty, such as this bronze ding vessel.
Beijing Acrobatic Performance (10553642935)
Jingwei Tries to Fill the Sea, the dome mural of Tianjin railway station
A Temple of the Goddess in Gubeikou
Tianjin Binhai International Airport Terminal 1 and 2
Fire God Temple in Di'anmen
Port of Tianjin pilot boat berth
The tomb pagodas at Tanzhe Temple
The TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram is one of the two rubber tire tram systems in Asia
Yonghe Temple of Tibetan Buddhism
The Tianjin Metro near Liuyuan station
Niujie Mosque
Tianjin railway station
Church of the Saviour, also known as the Xishiku Church, built in 1703
Tianjin West railway station
The China Central Television Headquarters building in CBD
Tianjin Bus Route 606
Fireworks above Olympic venues during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics
A Mazu temple in Tianjin
Tai chi (Taijiquan) practitioners at the Fragrant Hills Park
House decorated by more than seven hundred million pieces of ceramic
Beijing Workers' Stadium at night as viewed from Sanlitun
Tianjin Museum
Beijing railway station, one of several rail stations in the city
Tianjin Italian Town
Badaling Expressway overpass near the Great Wall
Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium, Nankai District
Typical Beijing traffic signage found at intersections
Tianjin Juilliard School in Binhai,Tianjin
Traffic jam in the Beijing CBD
Terminal 3 of the Beijing Capital International Airport
Beijing Daxing International Airport
Two Line 1 trains on the Beijing Subway, which is among the longest and busiest rapid transit systems in the world
An articulated Beijing bus
Bicyclists during rush hour at the Chang'an Avenue, 2009
KJ-2000 and J-10s started the flypast formation on the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.

Nevertheless, its built-up area, the third largest in China after Guangzhou and Shanghai, is slightly bigger, including three districts in Hebei (Sanhe, Dachang Hui and Zhuozhou) being conurbated but with Miyun and Pinggu Districts in Beijing not agglomerated yet.

- Beijing

Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China.

- Beijing

Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.

- Tianjin

In 1421, when the Yongle Emperor moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, the province started to be called as "North Zhili" or just "Zhili", which means "Directly Ruled (by the Imperial Court)".

- Hebei

Tianjin begins to be increasingly mentioned in records during the Song dynasty and gains importance during the Yuan dynasty.

- Tianjin

The Southern Song dynasty that came after abandoned all of North China, including Hebei, to the Jurchen Jin dynasty after the Jingkang Incident in 1127 of the Jin–Song wars.

- Hebei

The Song dynasty used military force in an attempt to quell the Liao dynasty and to recapture the Sixteen Prefectures, a territory under Khitan control since 938 that was traditionally considered to be part of China proper (Most parts of today's Beijing and Tianjin).

- Song dynasty

The Liao fell to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1122, which gave the city to the Song dynasty and then retook it in 1125 during its conquest of northern China.

- Beijing

The capital was also moved from Baoding to the upstart city of Shijiazhuang, and, for a short period, to Tianjin.

- Hebei

The tallest is the Liaodi Pagoda of Hebei built in 1055, towering 84 m in total height.

- Song dynasty
The Tianning Pagoda, built around 1120 during the Liao dynasty.

1 related topic with Alpha

Overall
The Grand Canal, under Sui and Tang dynasties.

Grand Canal (China)

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Longest canal or artificial river in the world.

Longest canal or artificial river in the world.

The Grand Canal, under Sui and Tang dynasties.
The invention of the water-level-adjusting pound lock in the 10th century CE was done in response to the necessity of greater safety for the travel of barge ships along the rougher waters of the Grand Canal.
The Chinese invention of the pound lock system allows for water levels to be raised or lowered to improve travel in the canal.
The Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) restored the Grand Canal in the Ming era.
Grand Canal. Drawing by William Alexander, draughtsman of the Macartney Embassy to China in 1793.
The Qianlong Emperor's Southern Inspection Tour, Scroll Six: Entering Suzhou along the Grand Canal dated 1770.
Barges on the modern Grand Canal ("Li Canal" section) near Yangzhou
The Jiangnan Canal
Grand Canal tour boats, Suzhou
The canal in Jining City
The junction of the Lu Canal and South Canal
The Grand Canal at its northern terminus at Houhai in Beijing.
The South–North Water Transfer Project central route starting point in Nanyang. Looking "upstream", toward the Danjiangkou Reservoir, from which the water is coming.

Starting in Beijing, it passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang to the city of Hangzhou, linking the Yellow River and Yangtze River.

Ships in Chinese canals did not have trouble reaching higher elevations after the pound lock was invented in the 10th century, during the Song dynasty (960–1279), by the government official and engineer Qiao Weiyue.