A report on West Bengal and Bengalis

The ancient political divisions of the Ganges delta.
Coin of the King Shashanka, who created the first separate political entity in Bengal, called the Gauda Kingdom
Parts of the Charyapada, a collection of ancient Buddhist hymns which mention the Bengalis, in display at the Rajshahi College Library.
The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
Depiction of Gangaridai on a map by 11th-century polymath Ptolemy.
Firoz Minar at Gauḍa was built during the Bengal Sultanate.
Atiśa is recognised as one of the greatest figures of classical Buddhism, having inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra.
An 1880 map of Bengal
Ghazi Pir is thought to have lived in the Sundarbans some time between the 12th to 13th century.
Subhas Chandra Bose, he was a leading freedom fighter of India
15th-century Portuguese painting of "Bengalis".
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
The Bengali artillery at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
Many areas remain flooded during the heavy rains brought by a monsoon.
A painting by Shaikh Muhammad Amir of Karraya displaying a syce of Bengal holding two carriage horses.
Districts of West Bengal
A Bengali woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century.
A hut in a village in the Hooghly district
W.C. Bonnerjee, co-founder and first president of Indian National Congress.
The Grand Hotel in Kolkata. Tourism, especially from Bangladesh, is an important part of West Bengal's economy.
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, the co-founder and inaugural president of the Awami League.
Freshly sown saplings of rice in a paddy; in the background are stacks of jute sticks.
Dean Mahomed is credited for introducing shampoo to the Europeans.
Satyajit Ray, a pioneer in Bengali cinema along with Ravi Sankar.
Large numbers of Bengalis have settled and established themselves in Banglatown.
Panchchura Temple in Bishnupur, one of the older examples of the terracotta arts of India.
I'tisam-ud-Din was the first educated Bengali and South Asian to have travelled to Europe.
Jamdani Sari of Bangladesh is very popular in West Bengal.
Regional dialects form one of the determiners to the social stratification of Bengalis.
Salt Lake Stadium / Vivekananda Yuva Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata
Bengali schoolboys in the port city of Chittagong.
Netaji Indoor Stadium, Kolkata
Eid prayers in Dhaka.
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport is a hub for flights to and from Bangladesh, East Asia, Nepal, Bhutan and north-east India.
Durga Puja in Kolkata.
Durgapur Expressway
Harvesting preparation in Bangladesh.
An SBSTC bus in Karunamoyee
A sculpture of the Nawab of Bengal's Royal Peacock Barge in Murshidabad.
Kolkata Metro, India's first metro rail system
Traditional way of weaving Jamdani.
University of Calcutta, the oldest public university of India.
A Bengali man sporting a simple black sherwani.
The front entrance to the academic block of NUJS, Kolkata.
Artistes from Purulia district of West Bengal performs Chhau dance
Prajna Bhavan, housing the School of Mathematical Sciences and School of RKMVU.
Satyajit Ray, eminent film director who has made Bengali films popular all over the world
Gitanjali intro featuring its author Rabindranath Tagore
The application of mehndi onto one's hand hosts a ceremony of itself during Bengali wedding seasons.
A Bengali groom partaking in a supplication during his wedding.
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Qazi Azizul Haque is recognised for his contributions to the development of modern fingerprint biometrics, a discovery of worldwide importance.
Meghnad Saha, J C Bose, J C Ghosh, Snehamoy Dutt, S N Bose, D M Bose, N R Sen, J N Mukherjee, N C Nag
A sculpture honoring Fazlur Khan at the Willis Tower
A lathi khela event taking place in Tangail.
A Nouka Baich competition taking place in the monsoon season.
Mohammed Salim, the first South Asian footballer to play for a foreign club. Due to playing in bare feet, he is having them bandaged by Jimmy McMenemy in 1936.
Cricketer Shakib Al Hasan is currently crowned the world's best all-rounder in all formats for ODI cricket, and one of the greatest of all times.

The current population is divided between the independent country Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and parts of Assam, Meghalaya and Manipur.

- Bengalis

The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority.

- West Bengal

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Bangladesh

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Country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of either 148460 km2 or 147570 km2, making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast; to the south it has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. It is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor; and from China by 100 km of the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's economic, political, and cultural hub.

Country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of either 148460 km2 or 147570 km2, making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast; to the south it has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. It is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor; and from China by 100 km of the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's economic, political, and cultural hub.

Vanga Kingdom and erstwhile neighbours in ancient South Asia
7th century buddhist monastery. Known as Somapura Mahavihara
The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
The Sixty Dome Mosque is the largest mosque in the UNESCO protected Mosque City of Bagerhat.
Choto Sona Mosque, built during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah
Kusumba Mosque
Shipbuilding was a major industry in the Bengal Sultanate and later in Mughal Bengal
The Bibi Mariam Cannon (Lady Mary Cannon) was used by the Mughals to defend their bases.
Lalbagh Fort was the residence of the Mughal viceroy Shaista Khan.
Portuguese envoys (top left) at the imperial court of emperor Akbar. The Portuguese settlement in Chittagong flourished until the Mughals expelled the Portuguese in 1666.
Lord Clive meeting with Mir Jafar after the Battle of Plassey, which led to the overthrow of the last independent Nawab of Bengal
Founding conference of the All India Muslim League in Dhaka, 1906
The Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, with East Bengal its eastern part
Women students of Dhaka University marching in defiance of the Section 144 prohibition on assembly during the Bengali Language Movement in early 1953
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (left) and Munier Chowdhury (centre) visiting Matiul Islam (right), an East Bengali student at Harvard during the late 1950s
Museum of Independence, Dhaka
Sheikh Mujib casting his ballot during a general election. He was given the popular title of Bangabandhu (Friend of Bengal) and is regarded as Bangladesh's founding leader.
Ziaur Rahman with members of the Dutch royal family in 1978
Muhammad Yunus (center) celebrating the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 with his family in Oslo, Norway
Rohingya refugees entering Bangladesh from Myanmar
Physical map of Bangladesh
A Bengal tiger, the national animal, in the Sundarbans
Bangabhaban, the official residence of the President of Bangladesh, was built in 1905 during the British Raj for use by the Viceroy of India and the Governor of Bengal.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during bilateral talks with Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina at the Prime Minister's Office in Dhaka
The National Parliament of Bangladesh
The Supreme Court of Bangladesh
Map of Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force deployments
First South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) meeting in 1985 in Dhaka (l-r, top row: the presidents of Pakistan and the Maldives, the king of Bhutan, the president of Bangladesh, the prime minister of India, the king of Nepal and the president of Sri Lanka)
U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry meeting Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina at her residence in Dhaka in April 2021
The Rapid Action Battalion has been sanctioned by the United States for human rights abuses
Historical development of GDP per capita
Construction of Padma Bridge, the longest bridge on the Ganges, by China Major Bridge Engineering Co. Ltd. The bridge was designed by AECOM.
Hotels and office blocks in an upmarket neighborhood of Dhaka
Paddy fields dominate the country's farmland. Bangladesh is a top global producer of rice (3rd), potatoes (7th), tropical fruits (6th), jute (2nd), and farmed fish (5th).
A Boeing 777 of the national flag carrier Biman Bangladesh Airlines
Coal and natural-gas fields in Bangladesh, 2011
In 2018, the first payload of SpaceX's Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket was the Bangabandhu-1 satellite built by Thales Alenia Space
The Charyapada scrolls are the oldest surviving text of the Bengali language. The photograph was taken at the Rajshahi College Library
Chakma alphabets are indigenous to the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Eid prayers for Muslims at Barashalghar, Debidwar, Comilla
Bangladeshis celebrating Pahela Baishakh as a mark of the beginning of Bengali new year
Literacy rates in Bangladesh districts
Faculty of Sciences at the University of Dhaka; The Curzon Hall
A Bangladeshi nurse in Kutupalong Refugee Camp
Historical development of life expectancy in Bangladesh
A preserved cloth of historic Bengali fine muslin, which is now extinct
Syed Mujtaba Ali
Muslim feminist Begum Rokeya and her husband in 1898
The 18th century terracotta Hindu Kantanagar Temple in Dinajpur
A Baul from Lalon Shah's shrine in Kushtia
Embroidery on Nakshi kantha (embroidered quilt), centuries-old Bengali art tradition
Traditional Bangladeshi Meal: Mustard seed Ilish Curry, Dhakai Biryani and Pitha
A Nouka Baich boat race
Bangladesh team on practice session at Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium
Anwar Hossain playing Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, in the 1967 film Nawab Sirajuddaulah
Beds of zamindars kept at the Bangladesh National Museum

Bengalis make up 98% of the total population of Bangladesh, and the large Muslim population of Bangladesh makes it the third-largest Muslim-majority country.

At a separate meeting of legislators from West Bengal, it was decided (58 votes to 21) that the province should be partitioned and West Bengal should join the Constituent Assembly of India.

Bengal

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The Ganges-Brahmaputra delta
On a clear day, the snowy peaks of the Himalayas in Nepal and Sikkim can be seen from northern Bangladesh and Darjeeling district of West Bengal
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A 2015 census of Sundarbans Bengal tigers found 106 in Bangladesh and 76 in West Bengal.
Hindu sculpture, 11th century
Inscriptions on the Adina Mosque proclaim the builder Sikandar Shah as "the wisest, the most just, the most perfect and most liberal of the Sultans of Arabia, Persia and India."
A woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century.
The Battle of Plassey in 1757 ushered British rule
The former royal palace of Hill Tippera in Agartala
Shaheed Minar in Dhaka commemorates the 1952 Language Movement
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led Bengali's decade long independence struggle including the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971
Bangabhaban (the House of Bengal) is the official residence of the president of Bangladesh
Writers' Building, the official seat of the Government of West Bengal
Biman Bangladesh Airlines is the largest airline based in the Bengal region
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India
New Mooring Terminal, Port of Chittagong
Aerial view of Haldia port, Haldia Port
The strategically important city of Chittagong is home to the busiest port on the Bay of Bengal
Bengali Letters
A silver coin with Proto-Bengali script, 9th century
Rabindranath Tagore, known as the Bengali Shakespeare, being hosted at the Parliament of Iran in the 1930s
Bangladeshi paintings on sale at an art gallery in Dhaka
Bungalows originated from Bengali architecture
A sculpture on Fazlur Rahman Khan at the Sears Tower in the United States
A Baul musician. The Baul ballads of Bengal are classified by UNESCO as humanity's intangible cultural heritage
18th century painting of a budgerow
A river in Bangladesh
A mustard and date palm farm in West Bengal
A tea garden in Bangladesh
Kanchenjunga from Singalila National Park, West Bengal
Gangaridai in Ptolemy's map, 1st century
The Pala Empire, 9th century
At its greatest extent, the Bengal Sultanate's realm and protectorates stretched from Jaunpur in North India in the west to Tripura and Arakan in the east
The Bengal Sultanate, 16th century
Bengal & Bihar in 1776 by James Rennell
Colonial Bengal, 19th century
Colonial Eastern Bengal and Assam, early 20th century
Province of Bengal (1931)
Map of West Bengal
Map of Bangladesh
Map of Tripura
Flag of Bengal Sultanate
Flag of the Bengal Subah (15-18th Century)
Flag of Bengal Presidency, under British rule
Flag of Bangladesh during Bangladesh Liberation War and after
Flag of Bangladesh from 1972 onwards

Bengal ( বাংলা/বঙ্গ, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predominantly covering present-day Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

The predominant ethnolinguistic group is the Bengali people, who speak the Indo-Aryan language of Bengali.

Durga Puja, the most notable Hindu festival for Bengali Hindus.

Bengali Hindus

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Durga Puja, the most notable Hindu festival for Bengali Hindus.
Devi Durga Sculpture by Sandalwood. Found in Murshidabad, West Bengal. Now kept in Indian Museum, Kolkata.
Dancing Ganesha sculpture from North Bengal, 11th century CE, Asian Art Museum of Berlin (Dahlem).
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Swami Vivekananda was a leading figure of the Bengal Renaissance Vivekananda at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)
Signature dish of Bengali: Fish And Rice.
Savitri-Satyavan story on Kalighat Painting, 3rd quarter of the 19th century.
Durga Puja, the largest festival of Bengali Hindus
Kali Puja, a major festival of Bengal
Rath Yatra at Dhamrai in Dhaka district, Bangladesh
A traditional Durga idol
The Bengali Hindu diaspora celebrate Durga Puja all over the world.
Ichhai Ghosher Deul at Gourangapur in Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal. (India)
Dhakeshwari Temple in Dhaka. (Bangladesh)
Baro-chala Buro Shiva temple at Jalshara in Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. (India)
Devi Manasa with her husband Jaratkaru & son Astik flanked by Nagas, 11th century Pala period statue from Bengal

Bengali Hindus (বাঙ্গালী হিন্দু/বাঙালি হিন্দু) are an ethnoreligious population who make up the majority in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Jharkhand, and Assam's Barak Valley region.

In India, they tend to identify themselves as Bengalis while in Bangladesh they tend to identify themselves as Hindus.

Bengali language

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Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

Indo-Aryan language native to the Bengal region of South Asia.

Present-day distribution of Indo-European languages in Eurasia. Bengali belongs to easternmost spoken Indo-European language family
Indo- Iranian language family, Bengali marked yellow
The descent of proto-Gauda, the ancestor of the modern Bengali language, from the proto-Gauda-Kamarupa line of the proto-Magadhan(Magadhi Prakrit).
Silver coin of Maharaj Gaudeshwar Danujmardandev of Deva dynasty, circa 1417
Silver coin with proto-Bengali script, Harikela Kingdom, circa 9th–13th century
A mural with Bengali letters in Hamtramck-Detroit, United States
An example of handwritten Bengali. Part of a poem written in Bengali (and with its English translation below each Bengali paragraph) by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1926 in Hungary
An 1855 Dobhashi manuscript of Halat-un-Nabi written by Sadeq Ali using the Sylheti Nagri script.
A map of Bengal (and some districts of Assam and Jharkhand) which shows the dialects of the Bengali language. Eastern Bengali Manbhumi dialect Varendri dialect Rarhi dialect Sundarbani dialect Rajbanshi dialect/language* Chittagonian dialect/language* Sylheti dialect/language* (those marked with an asterisk * are sometimes considered dialects or sometimes as separate languages)

Within India, Bengali is the official language of the states of West Bengal, Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam.

The Bengali Language Movement was a popular ethno-linguistic movement in the former East Bengal (today Bangladesh), which was a result of the strong linguistic consciousness of the Bengalis to gain and protect spoken and written Bengali's recognition as a state language of the then Dominion of Pakistan.

Muslim-majority districts of Bengal highlighted in green on a map of 1909

Bengali Muslims

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Muslim-majority districts of Bengal highlighted in green on a map of 1909
The Mosque City of Bagerhat is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Bengal Sultanate
A manuscript painting from the Bengal Sultanate depicting Alexander the Great in Nizami Ganjavi's Iskandarnama. The manuscript was produced during the reign of Sultan Nusrat Shah.
Pathrail Mosque
Choto Sona Mosque
Ruins of Adina, once the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent
The giraffe gifted by the Sultan of Bengal to China's emperor being presented by a Bengali envoy on 20 September 1414
"People of the Kingdom of Bengal", 16th-century Portuguese illustration
Maritime links of the Bengal Sultanate
A scene from the Gazi scrolls. Pir Gazi was a Sufi preacher. Sufi-led villages were centers of Islamic conversion during the Mughal period.
The Prime Ministers of British Bengal were from the Muslim community of the Bengal Presidency
Awami League leaders Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Tajuddin Ahmad, Syed Nazrul Islam and others in 1970
The award-winning modernist Bait Ur Rouf Mosque
Areas of the Hanafi school are shaded in light green
Ustad Alauddin Khan (centre), one of the greatest maestros of South Asian classical music, performing with his ensemble at Curzon Hall in Dhaka, 1955
Mausoleum of Lalon Shah, a syncretic Baul poet inspired by Sufism
Shaheed Minar (Martyr Monument), at the University of Dhaka in Bangladesh, commemorates those who were killed on 21 February 1952 Bengali Language Movement demonstration.
Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh
A Bengali language Quran. Bengali Muslims are fiercely proud of the indigenous Bengali script. Since the 14th century, Arabic texts were added to Bengali texts as part of the Dobhashi tradition
Hason Raja was a mystic Muslim poet whose songs are widely popular in the region
Baitul Mukarram, the national mosque of Bangladesh and the headquarters of the nation's Islamic Foundation
Muhammad Yunus, winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize

Bengali Muslims (বাঙালি মুসলমান; ) are adherents of Islam who ethnically, linguistically and genealogically identify as Bengalis.

Bengali Muslims make up the majority of Bangladesh's citizens, and are the largest minority in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam.

Assam

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State in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

State in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

Map of Eastern Bengal and Assam during 1907–1909
A map of the British Indian Empire in 1909 during the partition of Bengal (1905–1911), showing British India in two shades of pink (coral and pale) and the princely states in yellow. The Assam Province (initially as the Province of Eastern Bengal and Assam) can be seen towards the north-eastern side of India.
Showing a historical incident at Kanaklata Udyan, Tezpur
Blooming of Kopou Orchid marks the beginning of the festive season of Bihu in Assam.
People gathered at Kamakhya Temple for the Ambubachi Mela
Kamakhya Temple
Basistha Temple in Guwahati.
7th–8th century specimen of Assamese (Kamarupi) literature
Brahmaputra valley region of Assam
1. Tinskia 2. Dibrugarh 3. Dhemaji 4. Charaideo 5. Sivasagar 6.Lakhimpur 7. Majuli 8. Jorhat 9. Biswanath 10. Golaghat 11. Karbi Anglong 12. Sonitpur 13. Nagaon 14. Hojai 15. Karbi Anglong West 16. Dima Hasao 17. Cachar 18. Hailakandi 19. Karimganj 20. Morigaon 21. Udalguri 22. Darrang 23. Kamrup Metro 24. Baksa 25. Nalbari 26. Kamrup 27. Barpeta 28. Chirang 29. Bongaigaon 30. Goalpara 31. Kokrajhar 32. Dhubri 33. South Salmara Mankachar 34. Bajali
Bodoland district map
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The image represent's Dimaraji proposed state map
Barak Valley
Per capita income of Assam since 1950
A paddy field in Assam
A tea garden in Assam: tea is grown at elevations near sea level, giving it a malty sweetness and an earthy flavor, as opposed to the more floral aroma of highland (e.g. Darjeeling, Taiwanese) teas
Assamese women busy planting paddy seedlings in their agricultural field in Pahukata village in the Nagaon district of Assam
A group of 'Husori' for the occasion of Assamese Bohag Bihu in their traditional attire.
Dakhinpat Satra of Majuli
Girl in traditional Mekhela chador dress with a Dhol wrapped with Gamosa
A decorative Assamese Jaapi laid over a Gamosa
A Bihu dancer blowing a pepa (horn)
A beautifully adorned Jaapi
Mising girls dancing during Ali Ai Ligang (Spring Festival)
Actors of Abinaswar Gosthi performs the play "Surjya Mandirot Surjyasta" directed by Dipok Borah
Assamese Thali
An ethnic preparation of Ghost chili chicken curry of Assam
Lakshminath Bezbaroa, one of the foremost figures of Assamese literature.
Imaginary portrait of Srimanta Sankardeva by Bishnu Prasad Rabha
School girls in the classroom, Lakhiganj High School, Assam
Cotton University, Guwahati
Academic complex of IIT Guwahati
National Institute of Technology, Silchar
Jorhat Engineering College of Assam Science and Technology University
Sattriya Dance
Bodo dance Bagurumba
Jhumair dance in Tea garden
Nagara
Bhupen Hazarika
Assamese youth performing Bihu Dance
Statue of Bishnu Prasad Rabha, Jyoti Prasad Agarwala and Phani Sarma at District Library, Guwahati.
Lil Bahadur Chettri
Citra Bhagavata illustration
A folio from the Hastividyarnava manuscript
<center>A page of manuscript painting from Assam; The medieval painters used locally manufactured painting materials such as the colours of hangool and haital and papers manufactured from aloewood bark</center>
Bell metal made sorai and sophura are important parts of culture
Assam Kahor (Bell metal) Kahi

The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22 km wide strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India.

Durga Puja, a festival introduced and popularised by Bengalis, is widely celebrated across the state.

East Pakistan

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Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.

Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.

East Pakistan was a key part of SEATO
Suhrawardy (middle) with US President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles
Elizabeth II, seen here visiting Chittagong in 1961, was Pakistan's Queen until 1956.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announcing the Six Points
Surrender of Pakistan
Yahya Khan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1971
East and West Pakistan
The Kaptai Dam in 1965
President Ayub Khan (left) with Bengali industrialist Abul Kashem Khan (right) in Chittagong
Entrance to the Adamjee Jute Mills, the world's largest jute processing plant, in 1950
The Daily Ittefaq edited by Tofazzal Hossain was the leading Bengali newspaper in Pakistan
The first Bangladeshi flag was hoisted on 23 March 1971 across East Pakistan, as a protest on Republic Day
The Indo-East Pakistan border as shown by the U.S. Army, c. 1960.
Central business district in Dacca, 1960s
Chittagong Port in 1960
Baitul Mukarram Market Area, Dacca, 1967
Pakistani banknotes included Bengali script until 1971
A poster of the East Pakistan Helicopter Service
Third president of Pakistan, Yahya Khan with Richard Nixon in 1970

East Pakistanis were popularly known as "Pakistani Bengalis"; to distinguish this region from India's state West Bengal (which is also known as "Indian Bengal"), East Pakistan was known as "Pakistani Bengal".

The largest ethnic group of the province were Bengalis, who in turn were the largest ethnic group in Pakistan.

1779 map of the Jungle Terry District.

Malda district

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1779 map of the Jungle Terry District.
1907 Map of Bengal with Sikkim
Early 19th century lithograph of the Muslim ruins of Dakhil Darwaza at Gour
Temple of Jahura Kali Bari, Malda
Debipur Haribasar Radhakrishna Mandir (Debipur, Ratua1, Malda)

Malda district, also spelt Maldah or Maldaha (,, often ), is a district in West Bengal, India.

Bengalis about 91% including Bengali Muslims and Bengali Hindus form the majority of the district population.

Bengal Subah

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Map of Bengal Subah
Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Bengal by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh (c. 1665)
The Mughal absorption of Bengal initially progressed during the reigns of the first two emperors Babur and Humayun
Akbar developed the modern Bengali calendar
Dhaka, the capital of Bengal, was named Jahangir Nagar in honor of the fourth Mughal monarch Jahangir
Robert Clive meets Mir Jafar at the Battle of Plassey in 1757
Shah Alam II granting Robert Clive the "Diwani rights of Bengal, Behar and Odisha" in return for the annexed territories of the Nawab of Awadh after the Battle of Buxar, on 12 August 1765 at the Benares.
Mobile artillery battries, loyal to the Nawab of Bengal.
Bengali curved roofs were copied by Mughal architects in other parts of the empire, such as in the Naulakha Pavilion in Lahore
Nimtoli Deuri, named after the neem tree, is now a property of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, situated in Dhaka, Bangladesh is now a Heritage Museum.
A riverside mosque in Mughal Dhaka
The Armenian church and cemetery in Dhaka
Maddison's estimates of global GDP, China and India being the most powerful until the 18th century.
A 3D reconstruction of the Bara Katra in modern-day Dhaka
A woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century
Munim Khan (seated, right), the first Viceroy of Mughal Bengal (1574–1575)
Man Singh I, the Rajput Viceroy of Bengal (1594–1606)
Shaista Khan, Viceroy (1664–1688)
Viceroy Muhammad Azam Shah (1678–1679), later Mughal Emperor
Viceroy Azim-us-Shan (1697–1712), later Mughal Emperor
Daud Khan receives a robe from Munim Khan
Bibi Mariam Cannon
Jahan Kosha Cannon
Battle of Chittagong in 1666 between the Mughals and Arakanese
Jamdani muslin is a legacy of Mughal Bengal
Murshidabad-style painting of a woman playing the sitar
Scroll painting of a Ghazi riding a Bengal tiger

The Bengal Subah (সুবাহ বাংলা; ), also referred to as Mughal Bengal (মোগল বাংলা), was the largest subdivision of the Mughal Empire (and later an independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal) encompassing much of the Bengal region, which includes modern Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, Indian state of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odissa between the 16th and 18th centuries.

Bengali peasants rapidly learned techniques of mulberry cultivation and sericulture, establishing Bengal Subah as a major silk-producing region of the world.

Clockwise from top: Lukachori Gateway, Dakhil Darwaza, Firoz Minar, Qadam Rasool Mosque, Choto Sona Mosque, Mughal Tahakhana, Darasbari Mosque, Gauda pillar, Lattan Mosque, Baro Shona Masjid, Ballal Bati

Gauḍa (city)

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Historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India, being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms.

Historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India, being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms.

Clockwise from top: Lukachori Gateway, Dakhil Darwaza, Firoz Minar, Qadam Rasool Mosque, Choto Sona Mosque, Mughal Tahakhana, Darasbari Mosque, Gauda pillar, Lattan Mosque, Baro Shona Masjid, Ballal Bati
The Pala Empire
Maritime links of the Bengal Sultanate.
Part of a foundation inscription in the name of Sultan Yusufshah, 1477 AD, British Museum.
Another inscription from the site in the British Museum 'collected' by Captain William Francklin
Choto Sona Mosque in 1808
The Kotwali Gate marks the border between Bangladesh and India.
Ruins at the ancient city of Gour, 1795
Darasbari Mosque
Chamkan Mosque
Khania Dighi Mosque
Dhani Chowk Mosque
Tantipara Mosque
Arabesque and terracotta
Gunmant Mosque
Chamkati Mosque
Do-chala tomb
Fading enamelled bricks on Gumti Gate
Gravestones resembling the Tomb of Cyrus
Baisgazi Wall (city wall)
Hide and Seek Doorway
Rohanpur Octagonal Tomb
Mughal viceregal lodge
Mughal Sufi shrine

The ruins of this former city now straddle the international border and are divided between the Malda district of West Bengal and Chapai Nawabganj District of Rajshahi Division.

Indeed, the term Gaudiya (of Gauda) became synonymous with Bengal and Bengalis.