A report on Bengalis

The ancient political divisions of the Ganges delta.
Parts of the Charyapada, a collection of ancient Buddhist hymns which mention the Bengalis, in display at the Rajshahi College Library.
Depiction of Gangaridai on a map by 11th-century polymath Ptolemy.
Atiśa is recognised as one of the greatest figures of classical Buddhism, having inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra.
Ghazi Pir is thought to have lived in the Sundarbans some time between the 12th to 13th century.
15th-century Portuguese painting of "Bengalis".
The Bengali artillery at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
A painting by Shaikh Muhammad Amir of Karraya displaying a syce of Bengal holding two carriage horses.
A Bengali woman in Dhaka clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th century.
W.C. Bonnerjee, co-founder and first president of Indian National Congress.
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, the co-founder and inaugural president of the Awami League.
Dean Mahomed is credited for introducing shampoo to the Europeans.
Large numbers of Bengalis have settled and established themselves in Banglatown.
I'tisam-ud-Din was the first educated Bengali and South Asian to have travelled to Europe.
Regional dialects form one of the determiners to the social stratification of Bengalis.
Bengali schoolboys in the port city of Chittagong.
Eid prayers in Dhaka.
Durga Puja in Kolkata.
Harvesting preparation in Bangladesh.
A sculpture of the Nawab of Bengal's Royal Peacock Barge in Murshidabad.
Traditional way of weaving Jamdani.
A Bengali man sporting a simple black sherwani.
Artistes from Purulia district of West Bengal performs Chhau dance
Satyajit Ray, eminent film director who has made Bengali films popular all over the world
Gitanjali intro featuring its author Rabindranath Tagore
The application of mehndi onto one's hand hosts a ceremony of itself during Bengali wedding seasons.
A Bengali groom partaking in a supplication during his wedding.
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Qazi Azizul Haque is recognised for his contributions to the development of modern fingerprint biometrics, a discovery of worldwide importance.
Meghnad Saha, J C Bose, J C Ghosh, Snehamoy Dutt, S N Bose, D M Bose, N R Sen, J N Mukherjee, N C Nag
A sculpture honoring Fazlur Khan at the Willis Tower
A lathi khela event taking place in Tangail.
A Nouka Baich competition taking place in the monsoon season.
Mohammed Salim, the first South Asian footballer to play for a foreign club. Due to playing in bare feet, he is having them bandaged by Jimmy McMenemy in 1936.
Cricketer Shakib Al Hasan is currently crowned the world's best all-rounder in all formats for ODI cricket, and one of the greatest of all times.

Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia.

- Bengalis
The ancient political divisions of the Ganges delta.

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East Pakistan

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Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.

Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which nowadays is split up between India and Bangladesh.

East Pakistan was a key part of SEATO
Suhrawardy (middle) with US President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles
Elizabeth II, seen here visiting Chittagong in 1961, was Pakistan's Queen until 1956.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announcing the Six Points
Surrender of Pakistan
Yahya Khan
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1971
East and West Pakistan
The Kaptai Dam in 1965
President Ayub Khan (left) with Bengali industrialist Abul Kashem Khan (right) in Chittagong
Entrance to the Adamjee Jute Mills, the world's largest jute processing plant, in 1950
The Daily Ittefaq edited by Tofazzal Hossain was the leading Bengali newspaper in Pakistan
The first Bangladeshi flag was hoisted on 23 March 1971 across East Pakistan, as a protest on Republic Day
The Indo-East Pakistan border as shown by the U.S. Army, c. 1960.
Central business district in Dacca, 1960s
Chittagong Port in 1960
Baitul Mukarram Market Area, Dacca, 1967
Pakistani banknotes included Bengali script until 1971
A poster of the East Pakistan Helicopter Service
Third president of Pakistan, Yahya Khan with Richard Nixon in 1970

The largest ethnic group of the province were Bengalis, who in turn were the largest ethnic group in Pakistan.

Rohingya people

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The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (previously known as Burma).

The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (previously known as Burma).

A coin from Arakan used in the Bengal Sultanate, minted c. undefined 1554–1555
Set against the backdrop of the Arakan Mountains, Mrauk U was home to a multiethnic population, including the poet Alaol
Prince Shah Shuja received asylum in Arakan in 1660
An old mosque in Akyab during British rule
A mosque in Akyab
A Royal Indian Navy ship in Akyab Harbour
Australian officers with Rohingya men wearing typical lungis
M. A. Gaffar, a member of Burma's constituent assembly, called for recognising Rohingyas in 1948
Emergency food, drinking water and shelter to help people displaced in Rakhine State, western Burma, 2012.
2014 view of ruins of Narzi, former Rohingya neighbourhood in Sittwe town destroyed and razed in the 2012 anti-Rohingya pogroms.
Rohingyas at the Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh, October 2017
The yellow-green striped section show the approximate location of the Rohingya in Myanmar
Rohingya people in Rakhine State
Hashimiah orphans in a madrasa in Selayang, Malaysia
Rohingya children with their mother after being treated for diphtheria by the UK's emergency medical team in Kutupalong refugee camp.
Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The camp is one of three, which house up to 300,000 Rohingya people fleeing inter-communal violence in Myanmar.
Police checkpoint in Sittwe with closed-off Rohingya Muslim area in the background.

In addition, Myanmar's government does not recognise the term "Rohingya" and prefers to refer to the community as "Bengali".

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

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Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani after the foundation stone laying program for Shahid Minar (Martyrs' monument).
Mazar (mausoleum) of Bhashani and his wife.

Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (12 December 1880 – 17 November 1976), shortened as Maulana Bhashani, was a Bengali politician.

Bose in the 1930s

Subhas Chandra Bose

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Bose in the 1930s
Map 1: The growth of British Bengal between 1757 and 1803 is shown in shades of brown. Cuttack is approximately 225 miles southwest of Calcutta.
Janakinath Bose, Prabhavati Bose, and their family, ca. 1905. Sarat Chandra Bose (standing, centre) and Subhas Bose (aged 8, standing, extreme right).
A coloured-in photograph (1851) of Presidency College, Calcutta which Subhas Bose entered in 1913, but from which he was expelled in 1916
Subhas Bose (standing, right) with friends in England, 1920
Bose at the inauguration of the India Society in Prague in 1926
Subhas Bose (in military uniform) with Congress president, Motilal Nehru taking the salute. Annual meeting, Indian National Congress, 29 December 1928
Bose, president-elect, INC, arrives in Calcutta, 24 January 1938, after two-month vacation in Austria.
Bose arriving at the 1939 annual session of the Congress, where he was re-elected, but later had to resign after disagreements with Gandhi and the Congress High Command
The Wanderer car Bose used to escape from his Calcutta home in 1941
The crew of Japanese submarine I-29 after the rendezvous with German submarine U-180 300 sm southeast of Madagascar; Bose is sitting in the front row (28 April 1943)
Currency issued by the Azad Hind Bank with Bose's portrait
Bose speaking in Tokyo in 1943
Bose on a 1964 stamp of India
Bose on a 1964 stamp of India

Subhas Bose was born into wealth and privilege in a large Bengali family in Orissa during the British Raj.

Nagaland

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State in northeastern India.

State in northeastern India.

A sketch of Angami Naga tribesman from 1875.
A British India 1940 map showing Nagaland and Kohima City as part of Assam.
Kohima War Cemetery, Kohima, Nagaland
Kohima War Cemetery
Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Naga people in Nagaland, December 2014
About a million Amur falcons roost in Nagaland. That is about 50 falcons per square kilometre.
Kopou phool (Rhynchostylis retusa), a type of orchid, in bloom.
Blyth's tragopan or the grey-bellied tragopan
Great hornbill
Mokokchung is one of the most populated places in the northern part of Nagaland
The Catholic Cathedral in Kohima City. About 80% of Nagaland people are Baptists.
Terrace farming at Pfutsero
Hornbill Festival
Sumi Martyrs' Day observed for Sumi Warriors who died during Mukali Siege.
Hornbill Festival, Kohima
The National Highway passing through the Parakhowa forest
Dimapur airport departures
Dimapur railway station
Embroidered textile of Nagaland
A couple posing for a photograph during the festival in their traditional attire
Bhut jolokia

There are also sizable populations of non-tribal communities like Bengalis, Marwaris, Nepalis, Punjabis and others living mostly around Dimapur City.

Map showing the partition of Bengal into the province of Bengal and the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905

Partition of Bengal (1905)

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Territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj.

Territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj.

Map showing the partition of Bengal into the province of Bengal and the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905
Map showing the modern day nation of Bangladesh and Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and parts of Nagaland and Manipur within the Province before division into Bihar and Orissa and Eastern Bengal and Assam

The nationalists saw the partition as a challenge to Indian nationalism and that it was deliberate attempt to divide Bengal on religious grounds, with Eastern part Muslims majority and western part for Hindu majority.

Mukti Bahini Flag

Mukti Bahini

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The guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the War of Liberation that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.

The guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the War of Liberation that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.

Mukti Bahini Flag
Flag of Bangladesh in 1971, used during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Location of West Pakistani (marked ) and rebel Bangladeshi (marked ) military units in March 1971.
Italian howitzers used by the Mujib Battery; now preserved at the Bangladesh Military Museum.
Mukti Bahini propaganda posters, one referencing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's 7 March speech and calling all Bengali Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Hindus to unite as one nation.
Pakistan's Lt. Gen. A. A. K. Niazi signing the Pakistani Instrument of Surrender in Dhaka on 16 December 1971, in the presence of India's Lt. Gen. Aurora. Standing behind them are various officers from India's Army, Navy and Air Force.
Aparajeyo Bangla (Invincible Bengal) was finished on 16 December 1978 by Syed Abdullah Khalid at University of Dhaka Campus, is a Monument to Mukti Bahini.
The National Martyrs' Memorial in Bangladesh

The Pakistan Army also tried to disarm and dismiss personnel of Bengali origin in the East Pakistan Rifles, the police and the regular army.

Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893. On the Left note, Vivekananda wrote: "One infinite pure and holy – beyond thought beyond qualities I bow down to thee".

Swami Vivekananda

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Indian Hindu monk, philosopher and author.

Indian Hindu monk, philosopher and author.

Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893. On the Left note, Vivekananda wrote: "One infinite pure and holy – beyond thought beyond qualities I bow down to thee".
Group photo taken on 30 January 1887 in Baranagar Math, Kolkata. Standing: (l–r) ) Shivananda, Ramakrishnananda, Vivekananda, Randhuni, Debendranath Majumdar, Mahendranath Gupta (Shri M), Trigunatitananda, H.Mustafi Sitting: (l–r) Niranjanananda, Saradananda, Hutko Gopal, Abhedananda
Vivekananda at Chennai 1897
Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati (a branch of the Ramakrishna Math founded on 19 March 1899) later published many of Vivekananda's work and now publishes Prabuddha Bharata.

Vivekananda was born Narendranath Datta (shortened to Narendra or Naren) in a Bengali family at his ancestral home at 3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street in Calcutta, the capital of British India, on 12 January 1863 during the Makar Sankranti festival.

Bangladesh in Asia

Bangladeshis

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Bangladeshis (বাংলাদেশী ) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centered on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay.

Bangladeshis (বাংলাদেশী ) are the citizens of Bangladesh, a South Asian country centered on the transnational historical region of Bengal along the eponymous bay.

Bangladesh in Asia
Bangladeshi artists performing in a dance show
View of downtown Dhaka, the largest city in Bangladesh and one of the world's most populated cities
The word Wikipedia written in the Bengali script

The vast majority of Bangladeshis are ethnolingustically Bengalis, an Indo-Aryan people.

Naidu on a 1964 stamp of India

Sarojini Naidu

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Indian political activist and poet.

Indian political activist and poet.

Naidu on a 1964 stamp of India
Drawing of Naidu by John Butler Yeats, 1896, from the frontispiece of The Golden Threshold (1905)
Naidu in 1912
Naidu (far right) with Mahatma Gandhi during Salt Satyagraha, 1930
Naidu plants a tree in Mehrauli, Delhi, 1947
The ashes of Naidu kept at Golden Threshold, Hyderabad before immersion
Golden Threshold in 2015

Born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad, Chattopadhyay was educated in Madras, London and Cambridge.