A report on Bhang

Photo of bhang drinkers, from the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission report,1893
Bhang
Bhang seller in Varanasi
Process of making bhang in a village in Punjab, India. On the Hindu festival of colors called Holi, it is a customary addition to some intoxicating drinks.
Bhang eaters from India (c. 1790)
A bhang shop in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India.

Edible preparation made from the leaves of the cannabis plant originating from the Indian subcontinent.

- Bhang
Photo of bhang drinkers, from the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission report,1893

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Close-up of flowering cannabis plant

Cannabis (drug)

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Psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant.

Psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant.

Close-up of flowering cannabis plant
Main short-term physical effects of cannabis
A joint prior to rolling, with a paper handmade filter on the left
Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science, epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in delphic analysis regarding 20 popular recreational drugs. Cannabis was ranked 11th in dependence, 17th in physical harm, and 10th in social harm.
Types of cannabis
A macro cannabis bud
Present-day map of the Jirzankal Cemetery, site of the earliest evidence of cannabis smoking
Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, c. 512 CE
Anti-Cannabis propaganda from 1935
Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate (pre-1937)
Process of making bhang in a Sikh village in Punjab, India. On the Hindu and Sikh festival of colors called Holi, it is a customary addition to some intoxicating drinks.
countries that have legalized medical use of cannabis
Example of a container and the recreational cannabis purchase in Canada.
Woman selling cannabis and bhang in Guwahati, Assam, India
Dried flower buds (marijuana)
A gram of kief
Hashish
Hash oil
Infusion (dairy butter)

The Hindu god Shiva is described as a cannabis user, known as the "Lord of bhang. In modern culture, the spiritual use of cannabis has been spread by the disciples of the Rastafari movement who use cannabis as a sacrament and as an aid to meditation.

Hashish (shown next to a U.S. penny for scale)

Hashish

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Drug made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes.

Drug made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes.

Hashish (shown next to a U.S. penny for scale)
1.5 grams pressed hashish
Blood-shot eyes are a sign of cannabis use.
Sebsi, a Moroccan long-drawtube one-hitter
Trichomes isolated with ice-water extraction method

In 1596, Dutchman Jan Huyghen van Linschoten spent three pages on "Bangue" (bhang) in his historic work documenting his journeys in the East.

Krishna playing Holi with Radha and other gopis

Holi

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Popular ancient Hindu festival, also known as the Festival of Spring, the Festival of Colours or the Festival of Love.

Popular ancient Hindu festival, also known as the Festival of Spring, the Festival of Colours or the Festival of Love.

Krishna playing Holi with Radha and other gopis
Holika bonfire in front of Jagdish Temple in Udaipur, Rajasthan, 2010.
Radha Krishna playing Holi
The Mughal Indian emperor Jahangir celebrating Holi with ladies of the zenana.
Radha and the Gopis celebrating Holi, with accompaniment of music instruments.
Taking a selfie while playing Holi.
Holi celebrated at the Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple in Utah, United States.
"Celebration of Spring by Krishna and Radha", 18th-century miniature; in the Guimet Museum, Paris.
An 1822 drawing showing elevation of a black stone arch in Puri, Odisha. It carried Vaishnavite gods and goddess, the ritual noted to be a part of the Holi festival.
Kama Dahanam (Shiva Turns Kama to Ashes)
Kama Dahanam or Holi Bonfire
Flowers of Dhak or Palash are used to make traditional colours.
Colours for Holi on sale at a market in Mysore
Colour drenched gopis in Krishna Temple, Mathura, India.
In the Braj region of North India, women have the option to playfully hit men who save themselves with shields; for the day, men are culturally expected to accept whatever women dish out to them. This ritual is called Lath Mar Holi.<ref>Lathmar Holi Festival Lane Turner, Boston Globe, (5 March 2012)</ref>
A play of colours then a dance at a Hindu temple near Mathura, at Holi.
Preparing for Holika Dahan, Kathamandu, Nepal.
Locals celebrating Holi in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Two women celebrating Holi in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Faces smeared with Holi colours
Holi festival in London, UK near the Battersea Power Station.
Drummers of Indo-Caribbean community celebrating Phagwah (Holi) in New York City, 2013.
A celebration of Holi Festival in the United States.

Intoxicating bhang, made from cannabis, milk and spices, is consumed with a variety of mouth-watering delicacies, such as pakoras and thandai, to enhance the mood of the festival.

Thandai

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Indian cold drink prepared with a mixture of almonds, fennel seeds, watermelon kernels, rose petals, pepper, poppy seeds, cardamom, saffron, milk and sugar.

Indian cold drink prepared with a mixture of almonds, fennel seeds, watermelon kernels, rose petals, pepper, poppy seeds, cardamom, saffron, milk and sugar.

There are variants of thandai and the most common are badam (almond) thandai and bhang (cannabis) thandai.

Three hash cakes made with cannabis

Cannabis edible

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Edible, is a food product that contain decarboxylated cannabinoids (cannabinoid acids converted to their orally bioactive form) from cannabis extract as an active ingredient.

Edible, is a food product that contain decarboxylated cannabinoids (cannabinoid acids converted to their orally bioactive form) from cannabis extract as an active ingredient.

Three hash cakes made with cannabis
Bhang eaters from India c. 1790. Bhang is an edible preparation of cannabis native to the Indian subcontinent. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BC by Hindus in ancient India.
Modern interest in edibles is attributed to Alice B. Toklas and her eponymous 1954 cookbook.
THC infused gummies suitable for sublingual administration. These are 5 milligrams each.
One form of hash oil
Making cannabutter

Known as one of the oldest cannabis traditions, Bhang – a cannabis infused drink made with yogurt, nuts, spices, rose water – is an official drink of Holi, highly celebrated and revered festivals celebrated by the people of Hindu community in India revering Shiva or Kali.

Lassi serving

Lassi

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Regional name for buttermilk, the traditional dahi -based drink in the Indian subcontinent.

Regional name for buttermilk, the traditional dahi -based drink in the Indian subcontinent.

Lassi serving
A street lassi shop

Lassi may be infused with cannabis in the form of bhang.

In the cream butter method, cream is separated from milk and churned to produce butter. The butter then undergoes heat clarification.

Ghee

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Class of clarified butter from India.

Class of clarified butter from India.

In the cream butter method, cream is separated from milk and churned to produce butter. The butter then undergoes heat clarification.
Ghee may be packaged in airtight glass jars and stored without refrigeration.

Ghee is also used in bhang in order to heat the cannabis to cause decarboxylation, making the drink psychoactive.

Uttarakhand

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State in the northern part of India.

State in the northern part of India.

Rope bridge across Alaknanda River at Srinagar, 1784-94 &ndash; the capital of the Garhwal Kingdom
Fort of Champawat, 1815 &ndash; the first capital of the Chand kings of Kumaon Kingdom
Uttarakhand as a part of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces
Uttarakhand as a part of Uttar Pradesh, 1950–2000
With the elevation of 7816 m above sea level, Nanda Devi is the highest mountain in Uttarakhand and the second-highest mountain in India, following Kangchenjunga in Sikkim.
With the elevation of 190 m above sea level, Sharda Sagar Reservoir is the lowest land point in Uttarakhand.
Topography of Uttarakhand.
Kumaon and Garhwal in Uttarakhand
Sumitranandan Pant Museum, Kausani
Bal Mithai, a popular sweet from Kumaon
Women performing Chanchari &ndash; a popular folk dance from Danpur region in Kumaon.
Pilgrims gather for the third Shahi Snan ("royal bath") at Har Ki Pauri in Haridwar, Uttarakhand on 14 April 2010 during Haridwar Kumbh Mela.
A woman winnowing rice, an important food crop in Uttarakhand.
Jolly Grant Airport, Dehradun
Schematic tourist map of Uttarakhand.
Garhwal Himalaya mountain range in Kedarnath, Uttarakhand.
Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium in Dehradun.
Mahasu Devta Temple at Hanol is notable for its traditional wooden architecture.
Architectural details of a Dharamshala, established 1822, Haridwar.
Abhisarika Nayika, a painting by Mola Ram.
The releasing of the Uttaranchal crafts map
Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus chrysogaster)
Golden Mahseer (Tor putitora)
Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus)
West Himalayan Common Peacock (Papilio bianor polyctor)
Brahma Kamal (Saussurea obvallata)
Burans (Rhododendron arboreum)
Kaphal (Myrica esculenta)
Kandali (Urtica dioica)
Valley of Flowers National Park
View of a Bugyal (meadow) in Uttarakhand
Har Ki Doon, a high-altitude hanging valley
Rishikesh view and 13 stories Shiva temple across Lakshman Jhula bridge over the Ganges
Kedarnath Temple is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas

Simple recipes are made interesting with the use of hash seeds Jakhya as spice, chutney made of Bhang is also a regional cuisine.