A report on Lima, Buenos Aires, Bogotá and Madrid

"The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Peru" created in 1590 by Guamán Poma and Martín de Murúa. (J. Paul Getty Museum).
Our Lady of Buen Aire in front of the National Migration Department
A section of the Muslim Walls of Madrid. For a list of all the walls, see: Walls of Madrid.
The colonial Lima's coat of arms official since 7 December 1537.
Juan de Garay founding Buenos Aires in 1580. The initial settlement, founded by Pedro de Mendoza, had been abandoned since 1542.
The Bogotá savanna is the high plateau in the Andes where Bogotá is located. The flatlands are clearly visible in the topography and the result of a Pleistocene lake; Lake Humboldt, that existed until around 30,000 years BP
View of Madrid from the west, facing the Puerta de la Vega. Drawing by Anton van den Wyngaerde, 1562
Pachacámac, built 3,000 years ago, was one of the most important pre-Columbian centres of pilgrimage on the Peruvian Coast.
Aldus verthoont hem de stadt Buenos Ayrros geleegen in Rio de la Plata, painting by a Dutch sailor who anchored at the port around 1628.
The Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, founder of the city
Baths in the Manzanares in the place of Molino Quemado (detail), by Félix Castello (c. 1634–1637)
"The City of the Kings of Lima, royal high court, principal city of the kingdom of the Indies, residence of the viceroy, and archbishopric of the church", painting of 1615 by the Inca painter Guamán Poma. Royal Library, Denmark.
Emeric Essex Vidal, General view of Buenos Ayres from the Plaza de Toros, 1820. In this area now lies the Plaza San Martín.
Iglesia de San Francisco is the oldest church standing in Bogotá, built between 1557-1566, located in La Candelaria (the city Oldest part)
View of Calle de Alcalá in 1750 by Antonio Joli
Renaissance Lima Metropolitan Cathedral, built between 1602 and 1797.
Impression of the Buenos Aires Cathedral by Carlos Pellegrini, 1829.
Bolívar Square and the cathedral
The Second of May 1808 by Francisco de Goya
Baroque Basilica of San Francisco, built between 1657 and 1672.
View of the Avenida de Mayo in 1915
The Plateresque Colonial Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, built between 1604-1622.
1861 map of the Ensanche de Madrid
José de San Martín during the Declaration of Independence of Peru in the Plaza Mayor de Lima, on July 28, 1821.
Construction of the Obelisk of Buenos Aires on the 9 de Julio Avenue, 1936.
The Royal Street (in 1869), today known as Seventh Avenue (Carrera Séptima)
People seeking refuge in the metro during the unsuccessful Francoist bombings (1936–1937) over Madrid during the Spanish Civil War
Lima as seen from the International Space Station
9 de Julio Avenue, 1986.
Bogotá La Sabana railway station
Woman in Moratalaz by 1974
Lima at night from space
Catalinas Norte is an important business complex composed of nineteen commercial office buildings and occupied by numerous leading Argentine companies, foreign subsidiaries, and diplomatic offices. It is located in the Retiro and San Nicolás neighborhoods.
Bogotazo
2011 Anti-austerity protests in the Puerta del Sol
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Satellite view of the Greater Buenos Aires area, and the Río de la Plata.
Bogotá is the third largest city within city limits in South America by population, after São Paulo and Lima
Madrid as seen by the Sentinel-2 satellite in October 2020
Government Palace of Perú
Buenos Aires Botanical Garden
International Business Center, Bogotá, D.C.
Viaje de Amaniel
Palace of Justice, Lima
Heavy rain and thunderstorm in Plaza San Martin. Thunderstorms are usual during the summer.
Hailstorm in Bogotá
Municipal police agents from the 2018 promotion
Lima City Hall
The Buenos Aires City Hall in the right corner of the entrance to the Avenida de Mayo
Eastern Hills
Plaza Mayor, built in the 16th century
People of Lima.
Metropolitan Police of Buenos Aires City
Sumapaz Páramo
Royal Palace of Madrid built in the 18th century.
Market in the Plaza of the Inquisition (Lima) by Johann Moritz Rugendas, ca. 1843.
The Immigrants' Hotel, constructed in 1906, received and assisted the thousands of immigrants arriving to the city. The hotel is now a National Museum.
Street arrangement of Bogotá based on the Cartesian coordinate system: North is to the right. (Typical maps for the city place the north on the left.)
The Círculo de Bellas Artes
Pueblos jóvenes on the outskirts of Lima in 2015. Today, many of them are consolidated.
Villa 31, a villa miseria in Buenos Aires
View of Bogotá from the mountain Monserrate
The Edificio España.
Financial center of San Isidro
The Metropolitan Cathedral is the main Catholic church in the city.
Bogotá Future Population (Medium Variant)
Retiro Park
The Lima Stock Exchange building.
The Buenos Aires Stock Exchange, the main stock exchange and financial center of Argentina.
The Centro Andino
The Temple of Debod, an ancient Egyptian temple dismantled and rebuilt in the Parque del Oeste.
The Catacombs of the Basilica of San Francisco was the Old cemetery of the city during all the colonial times, until 1810. It contain bones of some 70,000 colonial people.
Headquarters of the National Bank of Argentina, the national bank and the largest in the country's banking sector.
Parque La Colina Shopping Mall
Casa de Campo park
Huaca Pucllana, pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the district of Miraflores.
Buenos Aires Bus, the city's tourist bus service. The official estimate is that the bus carries between 700 and 800 passengers per day, and has carried half a million passengers since its opening.
An old house in the Teusaquillo locality, near downtown Bogotá (Estrato 4)
The Campo del Moro gardens near the Royal Palace
The Rococo Casa de Osambela completed in 1805.
Monument to the Carta Magna and Four Regions of Argentina in the neighborhood of Palermo
Map of the TransMilenio system
The Manzanares flowing through the Monte de El Pardo.
Balconies were a common colonial architectural feature in the historic center. In the image the Palacio de Torre Tagle completed in 1735.
The Centro Cultural Kirchner (Kirchner Cultural Center), located at the former Central Post Office, is the largest of Latin America.
El Dorado International Airport
Mount of El Pardo and Soto de Viñuelas inside the city of Madrid
Causa limeña
Homage to Buenos Aires, a mural located at the Carlos Gardel station of the Buenos Aires Underground. It represents a typical scene from the city and several of its icons, such as singer Carlos Gardel, the Obelisco, the port, tango dancing and the Abasto market.
Ciclovía in Bogotá
Parque de El Capricho completed in 1815
Rococo Basilica of Santo Domingo, built between 1678 and 1766. It holds the tombs of the saints Rose of Lima, Martín de Porres and John Macias.
Buenos Aires Museum of Modern Art.
BD Bacatá, under construction, will be the city's tallest building.
The Madrid Stock Exchange
Northern Lima Southern Lima Eastern Lima
MALBA
Colombian National Museum
Cuatro Torres Business Area
Colonial Casona and Chapel of the National University of San Marcos, it is the second oldest university in the Americas.
The interior of El Ateneo Grand Splendid, a celebrated bookstore located in the barrio of Recoleta.
Ibero-American Theater Festival
New housing in the Ensanche de Vallecas
Edificio Ministerio de Educación (Ministry of Education), San Borja.
Tango dancers during the World tango dance tournament.
Teatro de Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus Theater)
Mercamadrid facilities in South-Eastern Madrid
Jorge Chávez International Airport
The Buenos Aires Philharmonic.
Estadio El Campín
Fitur fair in Ifema
The Port of Callao.
Gaumont Cinema opened in 1912.
Monserrate Sanctuary at top of the mount
Building works of Caleido in August 2018
Sistema Integrado de Transporte Bus System in Arequipa Avenue (Route 301)
A screening at Parque Centenario, as part of the 2011 edition of BAFICI
Atlantis Plaza Mall, featuring the Hard Rock Cafe
Madrid de los Austrias. It is the part of Madrid with the most buildings of the Habsburg-period.
El Metropolitano.
A fashion show at the Planetarium in 2013, as part of BAFWEEK.
La Candelaria, the historical district of the city
Set of La 1's newscast services, Telediario.
Lima Metro.
View of Bolívar Street facing the Cabildo and Diagonal Norte, on Buenos Aires' historical center. The city's characteristic convergence of diverse architectural styles can be seen, including Spanish Colonial, Beaux-Arts and modernist architecture.
Maloka Museum
The Prado Museum
Traffic Jam in Javier Prado Avenue
Teatro Colón.
Bi-articulated TransMilenio bus
Las Meninas, by Diego de Velázquez, 1656 (Prado Museum)
San Isidro, Lima from above.
Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires, a public high school in Buenos Aires, and it is one of the most prestigious in Argentina and Latin America.
Urban (SITP) bus, part of the integrated public transport system
The Lady of Elche, an iconic item exhibited at the National Archaeological Museum
Francisco Pizarro and Diego Almagro portrayed in 1615 by the Inca painter Guamán Poma. Royal Library, Denmark. <ref>{{cite book|url=http://www5.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/44/en/text/?open=idm46287306358272|title=Nueva corónica y buen gobierno|page=17|year=1615|author=Guamán Poma|website=Royal Library, Denmark website}}</ref>
University of Buenos Aires' Law School in Recoleta
Bikepath in central Bogotá
Facsimile of the Madrid Codex exhibited at the Museum of the Americas
Captain Luis de Ávalos de Ayala kills Manco Inca Yupanqui in the conquest of Lima. Chronicle made in 1615 by the Inca painter Guamán Poma. Royal Library, Denmark. <ref>{{cite book|url=http://www5.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/394/en/text/?open=idm46287306144304|title=Nueva corónica y buen gobierno|page=157|author=Guamán Poma|year=1615|website=Royal Library, Denmark website}}</ref>
July 9 Avenue
Traffic on the Northern Highway (Autopista Norte)
Chalcography for an edition of Francisco de Quevedo's El Parnaso Español (1648)
View of Lima and the Tapada limeña (a colonial women fashion) in a painting of 1842 by d'Orbigny and Benoît. Museum of the Americas, Spain. <ref>{{cite book|url=https://bvpb.mcu.es/es/consulta/registro.do?id=469709|website=Virtual Library of Bibliographic Heritage (Spain) site|title=Viaje pintoresco a las dos Américas, Asia y África : resúmen jeneral de todos los viajes y descubrimientos de... (1842)|series=Viaje pintoresco alrededor del mundo, a las dos Américas, Asia y Africa,4-6|year=1842|publisher=Imprenta y libreria de Juan Oliveres}}</ref>
Aeroparque Jorge Newbery
"El Claustro" at the Del Rosario University
Portrait of Benito Pérez Galdós, by Joaquín Sorolla, 1894
Lima as seem from the Rímac District, painting of 1850 by Batta Molinelli.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/blog/juanluisorrego/2010/04/09/la-flora-de-lima-introduccion/|title=La flora de Lima: introducción|date=9 April 2010|author=Juan Luis Orrego Penagos|publisher=Pontifical Catholic University of Peru}}</ref>
A Mitre Line Trenes Argentinos train in Retiro railway station
Luis Carlos Sarmiento Building of Science and Technology at the National University of Colombia
Interior of the National Library of Spain
Colonial Calle de los Judíos (Jewish quarter) (Lima) in 1866 by Manuel A. Fuentes and Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co. University of Chicago Library.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhpEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Lima+or+Sketches+of+the+Capital+of+Peru%2C+Historical%2C+Statistical%2C+Administrative%2C+Commercial+and+Moral+Paris%3A+Firmin+Didot%2C+Brothers%2C+Son&pg=PP13|title=Lima or Sketches of the Capital of Peru, Historical, Statistical, Administrative, Commercial and Moral|author1=Manuel A. Fuentes|author2=Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co.|year=1866|location=University of Chicago Library}}</ref>
Map of the Greater Buenos Aires Commuter Rail Network
Centro Ático at Pontifical Xavierian University
Nightlife in the Centro District
Colonial Calles de la Oca and de Bodegones (Lima) in 1866 by Manuel A. Fuentes and Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co. University of Chicago Library.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhpEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Lima+or+Sketches+of+the+Capital+of+Peru%2C+Historical%2C+Statistical%2C+Administrative%2C+Commercial+and+Moral+Paris%3A+Firmin+Didot%2C+Brothers%2C+Son&pg=PP13|title=Lima or Sketches of the Capital of Peru, Historical, Statistical, Administrative, Commercial and Moral|author1=Manuel A. Fuentes|author2=Firmin Didot, Brothers, Sons & Co.|year=1866|location=University of Chicago Library}}</ref>
EcoBici.
Mario Laserna Building at the University of the Andes
The Teatro Real
Puente de Piedra Bridge, the former Arco del Puente Gate and the Walls of Lima in 1878 by El Viajero Ilustrado. Old Fund of the University of Seville.<ref>{{cite web|title=Puente De Piedra, Lima|website=Old Fund of the University of Seville|url=https://www.flickr.com/people/37667416@N04}}</ref>
200 Series rolling stock at San José de Flores station, Buenos Aires Underground.
Liberators Building at El Bosque University
Festivities of San Isidro Labrador in the pradera, 2007.
The Museo de la Nación houses thousands of artifacts spanning the entire span of human occupation in Peru.
Buenos Aires Underground map
Sergio Arboleda University
High heels race in WorldPride Madrid 2017
Museum of Italian Art It's the only European arts museum in Peru, under the administration of the National Culture Institute.
Metrobus, Paseo del Bajo.
Main Cloister at Saint Thomas Aquinas University
People in costumes during the proclamation (pregón) of the 2013 Carnival
Larco Museum is a privately owned museum of pre-Columbian art that is housed in an 18th-century vice-royal building built over a 7th-century pre-Columbian pyramid.
Buquebus high-speed ferries connect Buenos Aires to Uruguay
Santa Barbara business district
The Las Ventas bullring
National Museum of the Archaeology, Anthropology, and History of Peru is the largest and oldest museum in Peru.
Campo Argentino de Polo, home of the Argentine Open Polo Championship, the most important global event of this discipline
Victorian architecture in Teusaquillo
The Madrid Derby at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium
Plaza de toros de Acho, the plaza is classified as a national historic monument. It is the oldest bullring in the Americas.
La Bombonera during a night game of Copa Libertadores between Boca Juniors v. Colo Colo.
Torres del Parque
2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup Final at the Palacio de Deportes
Estadio Nacional of Peru Its current capacity is 40,000 seats as stated by the Peruvian Football Federation.
Luna Park
Santa Maria bullring
2009 Madrid Open Women's Final at the Caja Mágica
Estadio Monumental "U" It is the highest capacity soccer stadium in South America and one of the largest in the world.
National Library of Colombia
The rectorate of the Complutense University of Madrid
Lima Golf Club (San Isidro District)
Julio Mario Santo Domingo Public Library
School of Mines, Technical University of Madrid
Campo de Marte is one of the largest parks in the metropolitan area of Lima.
Virgilio Barco Public Library
Students of the IE Business School
Lima City Hall
El Tintal Public Library
The M-607 meets the M-30 north of the municipality.
Church of Our Lady of Lourdes
The network of high capacity roads in Spain features its most important node in Madrid.
El Lugar de Su Presencia
M-30 tunnel parallel to the Manzanares
Bogotá Colombia Temple
AVE rolling stock at the Madrid Atocha station
Abou Bakr Al-Siddiq Mosque
Interior of the terminal 4 (T4) of the Madrid–Barajas Airport.
Ajiaco is one of the city's most representative dishes
"Chocolate santafereño" (Santafe hot chocolate), almojábana, cheese and pandebono
Simón Bolívar Park
Journalists' park
93 Park
Santander park
El Virrey park
Santa Clara Church Museum built between 1629 and 1647. It has a large collection of colonial Colombian paintings.
Colonial Art Museum of Bogotá
Gold Museum of Bogotá
Archaeology Museum of Pasca
Botero Museum

During most of the 17th century, Spanish ships were menaced by pirates, so they developed a complex system where ships with military protection were dispatched to Central America in a convoy from Seville (the only port allowed to trade with the colonies) to Lima, Peru, and from it to the inner cities of the viceroyalty.

- Buenos Aires

The 1687 earthquake marked a turning point in the history of Lima, since it coincided with a recession in trade due to economic competition with other cities such as Buenos Aires.

- Lima

Buenos Aires architecture is characterized by its eclectic nature, with elements resembling Paris and Madrid.

- Buenos Aires

Bogotá, Colombia

- Lima

🇦🇷 Buenos Aires, Argentina

- Bogotá

🇵🇪 Lima, Peru

- Bogotá

🇪🇸 Madrid, Spain

- Bogotá

Madrid, Spain

- Lima

🇨🇴 Bogotá, Colombia

- Buenos Aires

Bogotá, Colombia

- Madrid

Buenos Aires, Argentina

- Madrid

Lima, Peru

- Madrid

1 related topic with Alpha

Overall
An updated Köppen–Geiger climate map

Köppen climate classification

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One of the most widely used climate classification systems.

One of the most widely used climate classification systems.

An updated Köppen–Geiger climate map
Tropical climate distribution
Dry climate distribution
Temperate climate distribution
Continental climate distribution
The snowy city of Sapporo
Polar climate distribution
North America
Europe
Russia
Central Asia
East Asia
South America
Africa
Western Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Melanesia/Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Tropical climate distribution

Lima, Peru (BWh)

Madrid, Spain (Csa, bordering on BSk)

Buenos Aires, Argentina (Cfa)

Bogotá, Colombia (Cfb)