Borough and Related Topics

County

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Geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes in certain modern nations.

The 3,142 counties and county equivalents of the United States

German districts, and district-free cities (yellow) as of 2016

Ireland, showing traditional provinces and counties as well as the modern administrative districts on both sides of the international border

Counties in Scotland at the time of their 1975 abolishment

Depending on the individual state, counties or their equivalents may be administratively subdivided into townships, boroughs or boros, or towns (in the New England states, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin).

Meeting of Jyväskylä's city council in 1925

Local government

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Generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state.

Sastamala Town Hall in Vammala, Sastamala, Finland

A city council meeting in Fullerton, California

Common designated names for local government entities include state, province, region, canton, department, county, prefecture, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire, village, ward, local service district and local government area.

County borough

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Map of County Boroughs Prior to Abolition in 1974

County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control, similar to the unitary authorities created since the 1990s.

Reform Act 1832

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Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 45) that introduced major changes to the electoral system of England and Wales.

A painting by Sir George Hayter that commemorates the passing of the Act. It depicts the first session of the newly reformed House of Commons on 5 February 1833 held in St. Stephen's Chapel. In the foreground, the leading statesmen from the Lords: Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845), William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848), and the Whigs on the left; and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852), and the Tories on the right. Currently in the National Portrait Gallery.

The House of Commons is the lower house of Parliament.

Canvassing for Votes, part of William Hogarth's Humours of an Election series, depicts the political corruption endemic in election campaigns prior to the Great Reform Act.

William Pitt the Younger was a prominent advocate of parliamentary reform.

The Duke of Wellington, Tory Prime Minister (1828–30), strongly opposed reform measures.

Lord Grey (painted by George Hayter) headed the Whig ministry that ushered the Reform Bill through Parliament.

Poster issued by the Sheffield Typographical Society celebrating the passing of the Act.

Before the reform, most members nominally represented boroughs.

East York

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Former administrative district and municipality within Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Post-war bungalows built in East York after World War II.

Crescent Town is home to a number of residents who immigrated to Canada.

East York Collegiate Institute is one of several public secondary schools located in East York.

From 1967 to 1998, it was officially the Borough of East York, a semi-autonomous borough within the upper-tier municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

Burh

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Old English fortification or fortified settlement.

The burh wall at Wallingford, Oxfordshire.

The walled defence around a burh. Alfred's capital, Winchester. Early and later medieval work on Roman foundations.

They are cognate with German Burg, Dutch burcht and Scandinavian borg and, in English, developed variously as "borough", "burg", and (particularly in the East Anglian region of England and Scotland) "burgh".

Administrative division

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Divided.

Borough, burgh or "boro"

Districts of England

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The districts of England (also known as local authority districts or local government districts to distinguish from unofficial city districts) are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government.

Some districts are styled as cities, boroughs or royal boroughs; these are purely honorific titles and do not alter the status of the district or the powers of their councils.