A report on Cambridge, Massachusetts, Watertown, Massachusetts and Boston

In 1773, a group of angered Bostonian citizens threw a shipment of tea by the East India Company into Boston Harbor as a response to the Tea Act, in an event known as the Boston Tea Party.

Map showing the original boundaries of Cambridge and other Massachusetts cities and towns

Saltonstall's landing spot in Watertown, also known as Elbridge Gerry Landing

Map showing a British tactical evaluation of Boston in 1775.

Edmund Fowle House, built in the 1700s and used by the Massachusetts government during the Revolutionary War

Boston, as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It, 1860, by J.W. Black, the first recorded aerial photograph

1852 Map of Boston area showing Cambridge and regional rail lines and highlighting the course of the Middlesex Canal. Cambridge is toward the bottom of the map and outlined in yellow, and should not be confused with the pink-outlined and partially cropped "West Cambridge", now Arlington.

View of downtown Boston from Dorchester Heights, 1841

A view from Boston of Harvard's Weld Boathouse and Cambridge in winter. The Charles River is in the foreground.

Hairenik Association building – Watertown, Mass.

Buildings of Kendall Square, center of Cambridge's biotech economy, seen from the Charles River

The was home to the Boston city council from 1865 to 1969.

General view of Boston, by J. J. Hawes, c. 1860s–1880s

Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site

Boston as seen from ESA Sentinel-2. Boston Harbor, at the center, has made Boston a major shipping port since its founding.

200 Clarendon Street is the tallest building in Boston, with a roof height of 790 ft.

Aerial view of part of MIT's main campus

Boston's skyline in the background, with fall foliage in the foreground

A graph of cumulative winter snowfall at Logan International Airport from 1938 to 2015. The four winters with the most snowfall are highlighted. The snowfall data, which was collected by NOAA, is from the weather station at the airport.

The 1888 part of the Cambridge Public Library

Per capita income in the Greater Boston area, by US Census block group, 2000. The dashed line shows the boundary of the City of Boston.

Map of racial distribution in Boston, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:

Chinatown, with its paifang gate, is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants.

The Weeks Bridge provides a pedestrian-only connection between Boston's Allston-Brighton neighborhood and Cambridge over the Charles River.

U.S. Navy sailors march in Boston's annual St. Patrick's Day Parade. Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Boston.

Engine 2, Paramedic Squad 2, Ladder 3 firehouse

Boston gay pride march, held annually in June

Old South Church, a United Church of Christ congregation first organized in 1669

Boston Latin School was established in 1635 and is the oldest public high school in the US.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is often cited as among the world's top universities

Harvard Business School, one of the country's top business schools

A Boston Police cruiser on Beacon Street

The Old State House, a museum on the Freedom Trail near the site of the Boston massacre

In the nineteenth century, the Old Corner Bookstore became a gathering place for writers, including Emerson, Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. Here James Russell Lowell printed the first editions of The Atlantic Monthly.

Symphony Hall, home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra

Population density and elevation above sea level in Greater Boston (2010)

Fenway Park is the oldest professional baseball stadium still in use.

Harvard Stadium, the first collegiate athletic stadium built in the U.S.

Chamber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the Massachusetts State House

Boston City Hall is a Brutalist landmark in the city

Harvard Medical School, one of the most prestigious medical schools in the world

An MBTA Red Line train departing Boston for Cambridge. Bostonians depend heavily on public transit, with over 1.3 million Bostonians riding the city's buses and trains daily (2013).

South Station, the busiest rail hub in New England, is a terminus of Amtrak and numerous MBTA rail lines.

Headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston

As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, and Springfield.

- Cambridge, Massachusetts

The first buildings were upon land now included within the limits of Cambridge known as Gerry's Landing.

- Watertown, Massachusetts

For its first quarter century Watertown ranked next to Boston in population and area.

- Watertown, Massachusetts

Located at the first convenient Charles River crossing west of Boston, Newtowne was one of several towns (including Boston, Dorchester, Watertown, and Weymouth) founded by the 700 original Puritan colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Colony under Governor John Winthrop.

- Cambridge, Massachusetts

It is bordered to the east by the town of Winthrop and the Boston Harbor Islands, to the northeast by the cities of Revere, Chelsea and Everett, to the north by the cities of Somerville and Cambridge, to the northwest by Watertown, to the west by the city of Newton and town of Brookline, to the southwest by the town of Dedham and small portions of Needham and Canton, and to the southeast by the town of Milton, and the city of Quincy.

- Boston

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Newton, Massachusetts

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City in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

Emily Lavan, Heartbreak Hill, 2005 Boston Marathon

A panoramic view of Newton North High School

It is approximately 7 mi west of downtown Boston.

Newton was settled in 1630 as part of "the newe towne", which was renamed Cambridge in 1638.

The city is bordered by Waltham and Watertown on the north, Needham and the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston on the south, Wellesley and Weston on the west, and Brookline and the Brighton neighborhood of Boston on the east.

Charles River

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80 mi river in eastern Massachusetts.

View of the bridge over Charles River, New York Public Library

View of the Charles River, Memorial Drive in Cambridge(foreground), and the Back Bay skyline at night

A sunny day on the Charles River Esplanade

Sailboats moored on the Charlestown side of the Charles River with Bunker Hill Monument in the distance

Sunset at Charles River in December 2010

View of the Charles River, Community Rowing, Inc. and Boston from Nonantum.

The Charles River from the Boston side, facing Weld Boathouse and the main campus of Harvard University in Cambridge.

View of Charles River at Newton Upper Falls

Charles River under Echo Bridge in Newton

Charles River at Medfield-Millis town line

Charles River basin from an office tower in Boston.

View of the Charles River and Downtown Boston from the Boston University Bridge

It flows northeast from Hopkinton to Boston along a highly meandering route, that doubles back on itself several times and travels through 23 cities and towns before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.

Near its mouth, it forms the border between downtown Boston and Cambridge and Charlestown.

Most of the watercraft activity occurs from the Museum of Science to the center of Watertown, above which is a dam.

Brighton, Boston

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The Old First Church of Brighton 1744–1811

1852 map of Boston area showing Brighton and rail lines

Cemetery and apartment houses along Commonwealth Avenue, Brighton, near Chandler's Pond

The McMullen Museum of Art at Boston College

Brighton is a former town and current neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, located in the northwestern corner of the city.

Initially Brighton was part of Cambridge, and known as "Little Cambridge".

In 1630, land comprising present-day Allston–Brighton and Newton was assigned to Watertown.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

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English settlement on the east coast of America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Map depicting tribal distribution in southern New England, circa 1600; the political boundaries shown are modern

John Winthrop led the first large wave of colonists from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years

Constructed in 1641, the Fairbanks House is a First Period home with clapboard siding

Salem Common was established as a village green in 1667

Quaker Mary Dyer was hanged on Boston Common in 1660

The lands of the settlement were in southern New England, with initial settlements on two natural harbors and surrounding land about 15.4 mi apart—the areas around Salem and Boston, north of the previously established Plymouth Colony.

Watertown: 1630 (on land now part of Cambridge)

Newtowne (now Cambridge): 1630 (near Harvard Square)

Approaching the former West Stockbridge toll plaza traveling eastbound, January 2008

Massachusetts Turnpike

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Toll highway in the U.S. state of Massachusetts that is maintained by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT).

The "Weston tolls" that separated the Western Turnpike from the Boston Extension, October 2006

The eastern terminus of the turnpike in the state, and I-90 nationally, at Route 1A in Boston

Now-demolished toll plaza on an exit ramp, January 2016

Toll ticket used prior to conversion to open road tolling

A map of the proposed highway put forth in the 1948 Massachusetts Highway Master Plan. These proposed roadways would become some of the state's most important transportation routes in the eastern portion of the state.

Billboard advertising the construction of the Turnpike, c. 1956

New York Central Railroad (Boston and Albany parent company) employee magazine Headlights from February 1965 showing an aerial photograph of the completed Boston Extension of the Massachusetts Turnpike

Diagram of the highway system in downtown Boston before and after completion of the Big Dig

Boston traffic crawling over the closed Ted Williams Tunnel entrance during rush hour, one day after the ceiling collapse

Star Market (briefly Shaw's Supermarket) was built over the turnpike in Newtonville

The Massachusetts Turnpike near the Chicopee exit

The Massachusetts Turnpike is informally divided into two sections by MassDOT: the original 123 mi "Western Turnpike" extending from the New York state border through the interchange with I-95 and Route 128 at exit 123 in Weston, and the 15 mi "Boston Extension" that continues beyond exit 123 through Boston.

The turnpike enters Suffolk County in Boston before reaching the "Allston–Brighton tolls", depositing traffic towards the Boston neighborhoods of Allston and Brighton, and the nearby city of Cambridge.

Complicating the matter, Callahan's planned extension route was not universally accepted by others within the state, such as newly elected Governor John A. Volpe and Newton Mayor Donald Gibbs, who sought to construct a freeway that would follow a different route between the Borders of Newton, Waltham and Watertown along the Charles River and U.S. Route 20 and be constructed using the funds now being provided by the Federal Highway Administration.

Greater Boston

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Light Blue represents the area in Massachusetts known as Greater Boston, while Dark Blue represents the Metro-Boston area and Red represents the City of Boston.

Cambridge and Boston; MIT and Kendall Square in the foreground, and Boston's Financial District in the background

St. Patrick's Day Parade in Scituate, Massachusetts, in Plymouth County, the municipality with the highest percentage identifying Irish ancestry in the United States, at 47.5% in 2010. Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Greater Boston.

Boston's Chinatown, with its paifang gate, is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants.

Harvard University, a leading global university, is located in Cambridge, MA in Greater Boston

The MBTA district, with Commuter Rail lines in purple

The Salem Ferry, 92 ft. Catamaran is photographed approaching its dock off Blaney Street at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site in Salem, Massachusetts, United States.

Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston (the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England) and its surrounding areas.

Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, with the largest financial endowment of any university, and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices.

Athenahealth, in Watertown, Massachusetts (headquarters)