Breast cancer

In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.

Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes.

Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas.

Invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) also known as invasive ductal carcinoma or ductal NOS and previously known as invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a group of breast cancers that do not have the "specific differentiating features".

The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it.

Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a medication that is used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

About 5–10% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others.

If BRCA1 or BRCA2 itself is damaged by a BRCA mutation, damaged DNA is not repaired properly, and this increases the risk for breast cancer.

The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial.

Breast cancer screening is the medical screening of asymptomatic, apparently healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to achieve an earlier diagnosis.

The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it.

It is also used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in those at high risk.

Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy.

A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer.

About 5–10% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others.

If BRCA1 or BRCA2 itself is damaged by a BRCA mutation, damaged DNA is not repaired properly, and this increases the risk for breast cancer.

In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy.

Inflammatory Breast Cancer is a rare (only seen in less than 5% of breast cancer diagnosis) yet aggressive form of breast cancer characterized by the swollen, red areas formed on the top of the Breast.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer that can occur in women of any age (and,

Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women.

A preventive mastectomy or prophylactic mastectomy is an elective operation to remove the breasts so that the risk of breast cancer is reduced.

Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin.

Causes include fibrocystic change, fibroadenomas, breast infection, galactoceles, and breast cancer.

It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men.

As it presents a similar pathology as female breast cancer, assessment and treatment relies on experiences and guidelines that have been developed in female patients.

In the 1980s, the abortion–breast cancer hypothesis posited that induced abortion increased the risk of developing breast cancer.

The abortion–breast cancer hypothesis posits that having an induced abortion can increase the risk of getting breast cancer.

In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy.

Hormonal therapy is used for several types of cancers derived from hormonally responsive tissues, including the breast, prostate, endometrium, and adrenal cortex.

Pain ("mastodynia") is an unreliable tool in determining the presence or absence of breast cancer, but may be indicative of other breast health issues.

In about 2% of cases breast pain is related to breast cancer.

Some cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, develop from pre-invasive lesions.

About 20–30% of those who do not receive treatment develop breast cancer.

In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy.

There are targeted therapies for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, prostate cancer, melanoma and other cancers.

The association between breast feeding and breast cancer has not been clearly determined; some studies have found support for an association while others have not.

Long term benefits for the mother include decreased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

This includes those who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation.

Only 5-10% of breast cancer cases in women are attributed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (with BRCA1 mutations being slightly more common than BRCA2 mutations), but the impact on women with the gene mutation is more profound.

In less than 5% of cases, genetics plays a more significant role by causing a hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome.

Hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndromes (HBOC) are cancer syndromes that produce higher than normal levels of breast cancer, ovarian cancer and additional cancers in genetically related families (either one individual had both, or several individuals in the pedigree had one or the other disease).

Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas.

In rare cases, what initially appears as a fibroadenoma (hard, movable non-cancerous lump) could in fact be a phyllodes tumor.

Since both fibroadenomas, and breast lumps as a sign of breast cancer can appear similar, it is recommended to perform ultrasound analyses and possibly tissue sampling with subsequent histopathologic analysis in order to make a proper diagnosis.

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial.

Breast changes like atypical ductal hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ, found in benign breast conditions such as fibrocystic breast changes, are correlated with an increased breast cancer risk.

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer.