A report on New York City, New Netherland, New York (state), Brooklyn and Long Island

Long Island Native American settlements
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it "New York"
New Netherland map published by Nicolaes Visscher II (1649–1702)
Painting of three Lenape Indians, circa 1860s
Fort George and the City of New York c. 1731. Royal Navy ships of the line are seen guarding what would become New York Harbor.
Map based on Adriaen Block's 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. It was created by Dutch cartographers in the (ca. 1590s–1720s) and Netherlandish cartography (ca. 1570s–1670s).
New York was dominated by Iroquoian (purple) and Algonquian (pink) tribes.
A dining table from the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, in The Brooklyn Museum
The Old House, built in 1699 in Cutchogue, January 2008
Columbia University was founded by royal charter in 1754 under the name of King's College.
New Netherland map published by Nicolaes Visscher II (1649–1702)
New Amsterdam, present-day Lower Manhattan, 1660
Village of Brooklyn and environs, 1766
The Brooklyn Bridge, the first of multiple crossings constructed across the East River, connects Long Island with Manhattan Island (background).
The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolution, took place in Brooklyn in 1776.
Map of New Netherland and New England, with north to the right
New York and neighboring provinces, by Claude Joseph Sauthier, 1777
The Battle of Long Island was fought across Kings County.
Oheka Castle, a Gold Coast estate in West Hills, is the second-largest private residence in the country
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
The West India House in Amsterdam, headquarters of the Dutch West India Company from 1623 to 1647
British general John Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga in 1777
Winter Scene in Brooklyn, c. 1819–20, by Francis Guy (Brooklyn Museum)
Montauk Point at Long Island's rural eastern tip, January 2013
The current 5 boroughs of Greater New York as they appeared in 1814. Bronx was in Westchester County, Queens County included modern Nassau County, Kings County had 6 towns, one of which was Brooklyn, New York City is shown by hatching in southern New York County on the island of Manhattan, and Richmond County on Staten Island.
The storehouse of the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam, built in 1642, became the headquarters of the board in 1647 because of financial difficulties after the loss of Dutch Brazil.
1800 map of New York from Low's Encyclopaedia
Brooklyn Bridge in 1883, by Currier and Ives
The four counties of Long Island include two independent counties (Nassau and Suffolk) and two New York City boroughs (Brooklyn and Queens)
A construction worker atop the Empire State Building as it was being built in 1930. The Chrysler Building is behind him.
Map showing the area claimed by the Dutch in North-America and several Dutch settlements, against modern state boundaries
The Erie Canal at Lockport, New York, in 1839
Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886
Satellite imagery showing the New York metropolitan area at night. Long Island is highly developed and densely populated, extending approximately 120 mi eastward from the central core of Manhattan
Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900
Map (c. 1639), Manhattan situated on the North River (North arrow pointing to the right)
Flight 175 hitting the South Tower on September11, 2001
Brooklyn in 1897
The intersection of Long Island, Manhattan, and the continental mainland taken from space by the Space Shuttle Columbia, 1993
The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, a designated U.S. National Historic Landmark and National Monument, as the site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots and the cradle of the modern gay rights movement
St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery, site of Stuyvesant's grave
Flooding on AvenueC in Lower Manhattan caused by Hurricane Sandy
Location of Brooklyn (red) within New York City (remainder yellow)
The bluffs of Long Island's North Shore, November 2012
United Airlines Flight 175 hits the South Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
Nicolaes Visscher I (1618–1679), Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ, reprint of 1685 which is not a completely correct representation of the situation at the time. The border with New England had been adjusted to 50 mi west of the Fresh River, while the Lange Eylandt towns west of Oyster Bay were under Dutch jurisdiction.
New York is bordered by six U.S. states, two Great Lakes, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
Landmark 19th-century rowhouses on tree-lined Kent Street in Greenpoint Historic District
Cumulus congestus clouds over Long Island on a summer afternoon, July 2013
The core of the New York City metropolitan area, with Manhattan Island at its center
Image of " " made in 1664, the year that it was surrendered to English forces under Richard Nicolls
Enveloped by the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound, New York City and Long Island alone are home to about eleven million residents conjointly.
Park Slope
Clear skies in autumn over the Great Peconic Bay, with the Atlantic Ocean as its primary inflow, separating the North Fork and South Fork at the East End of Long Island, November 2007
The original settlement has grown into the largest metropolis in the United States, seen here in 2006
Lake-effect snow is a major contributor to heavy snowfall totals in western New York, including the Tug Hill region.
150–159 Willow Street, three original red-brick early 19th-century Federal Style houses in Brooklyn Heights
Stripped Rockaway Beach Boardwalk after Hurricane Sandy, November 2012
Lower and Midtown Manhattan, as seen by a SkySat satellite in 2017
The Prinsenvlag or "Prince's Flag", featuring the blue, white, and orange of some flags in the region
Two major state parks (in green) are the Adirondack Park (north) and the Catskill Park (south).
Imatra Society, consisting of Finnish immigrants, celebrating its summer festival in Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn in 1894.
A mansion on Long Island's wealthy Gold Coast, which along with The Hamptons and Brooklyn's western waterfront (facing Manhattan) provides Long Island with some of the most expensive residential real estate in the world.
Central Park in Winter by Raymond Speers, in Munsey's Magazine, February 1900
The Noort Rivier was one of the three main rivers in New Netherland.
The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor is a symbol of the United States and its ideals.
The Brooklyn Museum on Eastern Parkway
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on the North Shore of Nassau County is an internationally renowned biomedical research facility and home to eight scientists awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Flushing Meadows–Corona Park was used in both the 1939 and 1964 New York World's Fair, with the Unisphere as the centerpiece of the latter and which remains today.
The African Burial Ground National Monument in Lower Manhattan
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Brookhaven National Laboratory a major U.S. Department of Energy research institution, July 2010
The Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island in New York Harbor is a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity.
Map of the counties in New York
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch at Grand Army Plaza
A commemorative half-dollar coin issued in 1936 for Long Island's tercentenary
View of The Pond and Midtown Manhattan from the Gapstow Bridge in Central Park, one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, in 2019
New York population distribution map. New York's population is primarily concentrated in the Greater New York area, including New York City and Long Island.
The USS North Carolina, launched at Brooklyn Navy Yard, June 1940
Chaminade High School in Mineola, April 2013
California sea lions play at the Bronx Zoo, the world's largest metropolitan zoo.
The Stonewall Inn in the gay village of Greenwich Village, Lower Manhattan, site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots, the cradle of the modern LGBT rights movement
Newer buildings near East River State Park
The Student Activities Center at Stony Brook University, August 2020
A map of racial distribution in New York, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people:
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Kwanzan Cherries in bloom at Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Blodgett Hall at Adelphi University in Garden City, March 2022
The landmark Neo-Gothic Roman Catholic St. Patrick's Cathedral, Midtown Manhattan
The main laboratory building of the IBM Watson Research Center is located in Yorktown Heights, New York.
Astroland in Coney Island.
Northwell Health at Jones Beach Theater in Wantagh, March 2007
Ultra-Orthodox Jewish residents in Brooklyn. Brooklyn has the largest Jewish community in the United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals.
Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, hub of the Broadway theater district, a media center, and one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections
Barclays Center in Pacific Park within Prospect Heights, home of the Nets and Liberty.
The Big Duck in Flanders, August 2018
The Islamic Cultural Center of New York in Upper Manhattan was the first mosque built in New York City.
"I Love New York"
Brooklyn Borough Hall
A winery and tasting room in a 1690 farmhouse near Stony Brook, May 2014
Ganesh Temple in Flushing, Queens, is the oldest Hindu temple in the Western Hemisphere.
CMA CGM Theodore Roosevelt, the largest container ship to enter the Port of New York and New Jersey as of September7, 2017
Brooklyn Tech as seen from Ashland Place in Fort Greene
Citi Field, home of the New York Mets, in Queens, September 2011
The New York Stock Exchange, by a significant margin the world's largest stock exchange per market capitalization of its listed companies, at US$23.1 trillion as of April 2018. Pictured is the exchange's building on Wall Street.
Harris Hall of the City College of New York, a public college of the City University of New York
The Brooklyn College library, part of the original campus laid out by Randolph Evans, now known as "East Quad"
Barclays Center in Brooklyn, home of the Brooklyn Nets, October 2016
The Deutsche Bank Center as viewed from Central Park West
Butler Library at Columbia University
Brooklyn Law School's 1994 new classical "Fell Hall" tower, by architect Robert A. M. Stern
The Stony Brook Seawolves homecaming game, September 2012
Times Square is the hub of the Broadway theater district and a media center. It also has one of the highest annual attendance rates of any tourist attraction in the world, estimated at 50 million.
University of Rochester
NYU Tandon Wunsch Building
Bethpage Ballpark, home of the Long Island Ducks minor league baseball team, July 2011
The I Love New York logo, designed by Milton Glaser in 1977
South campus of the University at Buffalo, the flagship of the State University of New York
St. Francis College Administration Building
Preparing for a horse race at Belmont Park, home of the Belmont Stakes, the final leg of the Triple Crown, April 2005
Rockefeller Center is home to NBC Studios.
The New York City Subway is one of the world's busiest, serving more than five million passengers per average weekday.
The Central Library at Grand Army Plaza.
John F. Kennedy Airport in Queens, the busiest international air passenger gateway to the United States, January 2013
Times Square Studios, home of Good Morning America
Grand Central Terminal in New York City
Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue subway station
A 7 train in Queens, April 2007
Butler Library at Columbia University, described as one of the most beautiful college libraries in the United States
John F. Kennedy Airport in Queens, the busiest international air passenger gateway to the United States
Atlantic Terminal is a major hub in Brooklyn
A schematic map of the LIRR system
The Washington Square Arch, an unofficial icon of both New York University (NYU) and its Greenwich Village neighborhood
The New York State Capitol in Albany
The Marine Parkway Bridge
A Nassau Inter-County Express bus, June 2019
New York-Presbyterian Hospital, affiliated with Columbia University and Cornell University, the largest hospital and largest private employer in New York City and one of the world's busiest
New York State Court of Appeals
Williamsburg Bridge, as seen from Wallabout Bay with Greenpoint and Long Island City in background
Long Island Expressway in Nassau County
The New York Police Department (NYPD) is the largest police force in the United States.
Kirsten Gillibrand and Chuck Schumer, New York's U.S. Senators
Police officers of New York Police Department (NYPD)
Kathy Hochul (D), the 57th Governor of New York
The Fire Department of New York (FDNY) is the largest municipal fire department in the United States.
Yankee Stadium in The Bronx
The Stephen A. Schwarzman Headquarters Building of the New York Public Library, at 5th Avenue and 42nd Street
Koppen climate of New York
The fast-paced streets of New York City, January 2020
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, part of Museum Mile, is one of the largest museums in the world.
Smorgasburg opened in 2011 as an open-air food market and is part of the Brooklyn Flea.
As of 2012, the city had about 6,000 hybrid taxis (shown) in service, the largest number of any city in North America.
New York City Hall is the oldest City Hall in the United States that still houses its original governmental functions.
The New York County Courthouse houses the New York Supreme Court and other offices.
Eric Adams, the current and 110th Mayor of New York City
New York City is home to the two busiest train stations in the U.S., including Grand Central Terminal.
The New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by number of stations.
The Port Authority Bus Terminal, the world's busiest bus station, at 8th Avenue and 42nd Street
John F. Kennedy Airport in Queens, the busiest international air passenger gateway to the United States
The Staten Island Ferry shuttles commuters between Manhattan and Staten Island.
Yellow medallion taxicabs are widely recognized icons of the city.
8th Avenue, looking northward ("uptown"). Most streets and avenues in Manhattan's grid plan incorporate a one-way traffic configuration.
The George Washington Bridge, connecting Upper Manhattan (background) from Fort Lee, New Jersey across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.
The growing skyline of Long Island City, Queens (background),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-30/nyc-s-fastest-growing-neighborhood-gets-180-million-investment|title=NYC's Fastest-Growing Neighborhood Gets $180 Million Investment|first=Henry|last=Goldman|date=October 30, 2018|publisher=Bloomberg L.P|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> facing the East River and Manhattan in May 2017
The Grand Concourse in the Bronx, foreground, with Manhattan in the background in February 2018
St. George, Staten Island as seen from the Staten Island Ferry, the world's busiest passenger-only ferry system, shuttling passengers between Manhattan and Staten Island
The Asia gate entrance to the Bronx Zoo, the world's largest metropolitan zoo.
The Spanish Harlem Orchestra. New York City is home to nearly 3 million Latino Americans, the largest Hispanic population of any city outside Latin America and Spain.
The Financial District of Lower Manhattan including Wall Street, the world's principal financial center

New York, often called New York City (NYC) to distinguish it from the State of New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

- New York City

Brooklyn is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York.

- Brooklyn

Long Island is a largely urbanized and densely populated island in the southeastern geographical area of the U.S. state of New York, part of the New York metropolitan area.

- Long Island

The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod, while the more limited settled areas are now part of the U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.

- New Netherland

It is often called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City.

- New York (state)

The island comprises four counties; Kings and Queens counties (the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) and Nassau County share the western third of the island, while Suffolk County occupies the eastern two thirds.

- Long Island

With 20.2 million residents, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States as of 2021, with approximately 44% living in New York City, including 25% of the state's population within Brooklyn and Queens, and another 15% on the remainder of Long Island.

- New York (state)

Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it is located on the western end of Long Island and shares a land border with the borough of Queens.

- Brooklyn

The five boroughs—Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens (Queens County), Manhattan (New York County), the Bronx (Bronx County), and Staten Island (Richmond County)—were created when local governments were consolidated into a single municipal entity in 1898.

- New York City

The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson Valley, establishing the multiethnic colony of New Netherland, a center of trade and immigration.

- New York (state)

The Breuckelen settlement was named after Breukelen in the Netherlands; it was part of New Netherland.

- Brooklyn

James's elder brother, King Charles II, appointed the Duke proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland, including the city of New Amsterdam, when England seized it from Dutch control.

- New York City

Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of Long Island (including the areas that would later become the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens), and the Lower Hudson Valley.

- New York City

However, in 1664, the English returned to take over the Dutch colony of New Netherland, including Long Island.

- Long Island

It was given its municipal charter in 1653, by which time the Commonality of New Amsterdam included the isle of Manhattan, Staaten Eylandt, Pavonia, and the Lange Eylandt towns.

- New Netherland

As early as 1637, English settlers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony began to settle along its banks and on Lange Eylandt, some with permission from the colonial government and others with complete disregard for it.

- New Netherland

It was during the early British colonial period that the New Netherlanders actually developed the land and society that had an enduring impact on the Capital District, the Hudson Valley, North Jersey, western Long Island, New York City, Fairfield County, and ultimately the United States.

- New Netherland

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Manhattan

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Peter Minuit, early 1600s
Pieter Schaghen's 1626 letter saying Manhattan was purchased for 60 guilders.
The Castello Plan showing the Dutch city of New Amsterdam in 1660, at the southern tip of Manhattan
Washington's statue in front of Federal Hall on Wall Street, where in 1789 he was sworn in as first U.S. president
Manhattan in 1873. The Brooklyn Bridge was under construction from 1870 until 1883
The "Sanitary & Topographical Map of the City and Island of New York", commonly known as the Viele Map, was created by Egbert Ludovicus Viele in 1865
Manhattan's Little Italy, Lower East Side, circa 1900
Manhattan personified, early 20th century
V-J Day in Times Square in Times Square, 1945
Flooding on Avenue C caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012
Satellite image of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson River to the west, the Harlem River to the north, the East River to the east, and New York Harbor to the south, with rectangular Central Park prominently visible. Roosevelt Island, in the East River, belongs to Manhattan.
Location of Manhattan (red) within New York City (remainder yellow)
Manhattan schist outcropping in Central Park
Liberty Island is an exclave of Manhattan, of New York City, and of New York State, that is surrounded by New Jersey waters
The Empire State Building in the foreground looking southward from the top of Rockefeller Center, with One World Trade Center in the background, at sunset. The Midtown South Community Council acts as a civic caretaker for much of the neighborhood between the skyscrapers of Midtown and Lower Manhattan.
Central Park in autumn
The Estonian House, the main center of Estonian culture amongst Estonian Americans
A. T. Stewart in 1870, 9th Street, Manhattan
Many tall buildings have setbacks on their facade due to the 1916 Zoning Resolution. This is exemplified at Park Avenue and 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan.
The New York Stock Exchange, by a significant margin the world's largest stock exchange per market capitalization of its listed companies, at US$23.1 trillion as of April 2018.
The Financial District of Lower Manhattan, seen from Brooklyn
The Flatiron District is the center and birthplace of Silicon Alley
Times Square is the hub of the Broadway theater district and a major cultural venue in Manhattan, it also has one of the highest annual attendance rates of any tourist attraction in the world, estimated at 50 million
The New York Times headquarters, 620 Eighth Avenue
Butler Library at Columbia University, with its notable architectural design
Stuyvesant High School, in Tribeca
New York Public Library Main Branch at 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
The scene at Manhattan's 2015 LGBT Pride March. The annual event rivals the sister São Paulo event as the world's largest pride parade, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Madison Square Garden is home to the Rangers and Knicks, and hosts some Liberty games
The Skating Pond in Central Park, 1862
Manhattan Municipal Building
James Farley Post Office
A slum tour through the Five Points in an 1885 sketch
Tenement houses in 1936
At the time of its construction, London Terrace in Chelsea was the largest apartment building in the world
Grand Central Terminal is a National Historic Landmark.
Ferries departing Battery Park City and helicopters flying above Manhattan
The Staten Island Ferry, seen from the Battery, crosses Upper New York Bay, providing free public transportation between Staten Island and Manhattan.
The Brooklyn Bridge to the right and the Manhattan Bridge towards the left, are two of the three bridges that connect Lower Manhattan with Brooklyn over the East River.
Eighth Avenue, looking northward ("Uptown"), in the rain; most streets and avenues in Manhattan's grid plan incorporate a one-way traffic configuration
Tourists looking westward at sunset to observe the July 12, 2016 Manhattanhenge
Ferry service departing Battery Park City towards New Jersey, see from Paulus Hook

Manhattan, known regionally as The City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City.

It is the urban core of the New York metropolitan area, and coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.

Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York City's five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and is the smallest borough in terms of land area.

A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624, with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island.

Commuter rail services operating to and from Manhattan are the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), which connects Manhattan and other New York City boroughs to Long Island; the Metro-North Railroad, which connects Manhattan to Upstate New York and Southwestern Connecticut; and NJ Transit trains, which run to various points in New Jersey.