Bulgarians and Related Topics

Bulgaria

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Country in Southeast Europe.

Odrysian golden wreath in the National History Museum

Knyaz Boris I meeting the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius.

The walls of Tsarevets fortress in Veliko Tarnovo, the capital of the second empire

The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396 marked the end of medieval Bulgarian statehood.

The Russo-Bulgarian defence of Shipka Pass in 1877

Borders of Bulgaria according to the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano

Georgi Dimitrov, leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party from 1946 to 1949

Lacerta viridis in Ropotamo, one of Bulgaria's 16 biosphere reserves

Independence Square in Sofia: The headquarters of the Presidency (right), the National Assembly (centre) and the Council of Ministers (left).

Mikoyan MiG-29 jet fighters of the Bulgarian Air Force

Historical development of GDP per capita

Economic growth (green) and unemployment (blue) statistics since 2001

Grigor Dimitrov at the 2015 Italian Open

The Thracians, one of the three primary ancestral groups of modern Bulgarians, appeared on the Balkan Peninsula some time before the 12th century BC. The Thracians excelled in metallurgy and gave the Greeks the Orphean and Dionysian cults, but remained tribal and stateless.

First Bulgarian Empire

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Slavic tribes and states in Early Middle Ages

The Bulgar colonies after the fall of Old Great Bulgaria in the 7th century.

Zones of control by Slavic tribes and Bulgars in the late 7th century

Territorial expansion during the reign of Krum

Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Simeon I

Emperor Simeon I: The Morning Star of Slavonic Literature, painting by Alfons Mucha

Bulgaria under the rule of Emperor Samuel

Above: The Byzantines defeat Samuel at Kleidion; below: the death of Samuel, Manasses Chronicle

Khan Omurtag was the first Bulgarian ruler known to have claimed divine origin, Madrid Skylitzes

The symbol ıYı is associated with the Dulo clan and the First Empire

A replica of a Bulgarian sabre found near the town of Varbitsa

A battle scene of the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896, Madrid Skylitzes

Slavic mythology: Sadko (1876) by Ilya Repin

The Pliska rosette dated from the pagan period has seven fingers representing the Classical planets

Bulgarian soldiers kill Christians during the persecutions, Menologion of Basil II

Baptism of Boris I and his court, painting by Nikolai Pavlovich

A medieval icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid, a high-ranking official of the Bulgarian Church, scholar, writer and enlightener of the Bulgarians and the Slavs

Expansion of Bogomilism in medieval Europe

The ruins of Pliska, the first capital of Bulgaria

Ceramic icon of Saint Theodore, Preslav ceramics, c. 900.

A page with the Alphabet Prayer by Constantine of Preslav

The First Bulgarian Empire (блъгарьско цѣсарьствиѥ; Първо българско царство) was a medieval Bulgar-Slavic and later Bulgarian state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680–681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh, moved south to the northeastern Balkans.

South Slavs

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South Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula.

Admixture analysis of autosomal SNPs of the Balkan region in a global context on the resolution level of 7 assumed ancestral populations: the African (brown), South/West European (light blue), Asian (yellow), Middle Eastern (orange), South Asian (green), North/East European (dark blue) and beige Caucasus component.

Autosomal analysis presenting the historical contribution of different donor groups in some European populations. Polish sample was selected to represent the Slavic influence, and it is suggesting a strong and early impact in Greece (30-37%), Romania (48-57%), Bulgaria (55-59%), and Hungary (54-84%).

Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, Hungary, Romania, and the Black Sea, the South Slavs today include Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes, respectively the main populations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.

Bulgarian language

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South Slavic language spoken in Southeastern Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.

Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria

Extent of Bulgarian dialects according to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences shown encompassing the Eastern South Slavic dialects. Subregions are differentiated by pronunciation of man and tooth.

Areas of Eastern South Slavic languages.

It is the language of the Bulgarians.

Map of the Macedonian diaspora in the world

Macedonians (ethnic group)

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Macedonians (Македонци) are a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group native to the region of Macedonia in Southeast Europe.

Georgi Pulevski is the first known person, who in 1875 put forward the idea on the existence of a separate (Slavic) Macedonian language and ethnicity.

Krste Misirkov is the first person who in 1903 attempted to codify a standard Macedonian language and appealed for eventual recognition of a separate Macedonian nation when the necessary historical circumstances would arise.

Dimitar Vlahov played a crucial role for the adaptation of the Resolution of the Comintern on the Macedonian question that first of all recognized the existence of a separate Macedonian nation in 1934.

Metodija Andonov-Čento was the first president of the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia after the Second World War.

Kiro Gligorov was the first president of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia) after the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.

Macedonian girls in traditional folk costumes.

One of the well-known monasteries – St. Panteleimon in Ohrid.

Tavče Gravče, the national dish of Macedonians.

Flag of the Republic of Macedonia (1992–1995) depicting the Vergina Sun

Macedonians in North Macedonia, according to the 2002 census

Regions where Macedonians live within Albania

Austrian ethnographic map of the vilayets of Kosovo, Saloniki, Scutari, Janina and Monastir, ca. 1900.

Ethnographic map of the Balkans from the Serbian author Jovan Cvijic (1918)

Greek map by Georgios Sotiriadis submitted to the Paris Peace Conference (1919)

thumb|Ethnographic map of the Balkans in the New Larned History (1922)

Throughout the Middle Ages and Ottoman rule up until the early 20th century the Slavic-speaking population majority in the region of Macedonia were more commonly referred to (both by themselves and outsiders) as Bulgarians.

Slavs

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Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group.

The origin and migration of Slavs in Europe between the 5th and 10th centuries AD:

Terracotta tile from the 6th–7th century AD found in Vinica, North Macedonia depicts a battle scene between the Bulgars and Slavs with the Latin inscription BOLGAR and SCLAVIGI

Slavic tribes from the 7th to 9th centuries AD in Europe

Great Moravia was one of the first major Slavic states, 833–907 AD

Seal from the pan-Slavic Congress held in Prague, 1848

The "Zbruch Idol" preserved at the Kraków Archaeological Museum

First Bulgarian Empire, the Bulgars were a Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribe that became Slavicized in the 7th century AD

East Slavic languages
Russian
Belarusian
Ukrainian
Rusyn

Slavs in the US and Canada by area:
20–35%
14–20%
11–14%
8–11%
5–8%
3–5%
0–3%

The percentage of ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states according to last censuses
90.0%-100.0%
80.0%-89.9%
65.0%-79.9%
50.0%-64.9%
35.0%-49.9%
20.0%-34.9%
10.0%-19.9%
5.0%-9.9%
2.0%-4.9%
0.0%-1.9%

Present-day Slavs are classified into East Slavs (chiefly Belarusians, Russians, Rusyns, and Ukrainians), West Slavs (chiefly Czechs, Kashubs, Poles, Slovaks, Silesians and Sorbs) and South Slavs (chiefly Bosniaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes).

Second Bulgarian Empire

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Second Bulgarian Empire under Ivan Asen II

The Church of St Demetrius in Tarnovo, built by Asen and Peter in the beginning of the uprising

A map of the Bulgarian Empire, showing territorial extent and the campaigns between 1185 and 1197

The Church of the Holy Forty Martyrs where Kaloyan was buried.

A map showing the greatest territorial extension of the Second Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Ivan Asen II (1218–1241)

Emperor Constantine Tikh and his first wife Irene, fresco from the Boyana Church

Bulgaria under Theodore Svetoslav (1300-1322)

The defeat of the anti-Ottoman coalition in the battle of Nicopolis in 1396 was the final blow leading to the fall of the Bulgarian Empire.

The Medieval Bulgarian royal charters, such as the Rila Charter of Ivan Shishman issued in 1378, are an important source on medieval Bulgarian society and administrative posts.

Panoramic view of Tarnovo, the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire

Aerial view of the Shumen fortress, an important stronghold in eastern Bulgaria

A silver vessel from the 14th century Nikopol treasure

Coin depicting Ivan Alexander with one of his sons, co-emperor Michael Asen IV (right)

The Patriarchal Cathedral of the Holy Ascension of God in Tarnovo was the seat of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church during the Second Empire. It was part of a larger complex which accommodated the Patriarch.

A depiction of emperor Ivan Alexander, patron of Hesychasm

The Church of the Holy Mother of God in Donja Kamenica

The ruins of a noble family's house in Tarnovo

A depiction of Kaloyan and Desislava, ktitors of the Boyana Church

Frescos in the Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo

A page of the 14th century Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander

A page of the 14th century Bulgarian translation of the Manasses Chronicle

Pontic littoral's city and flags of Second Bulgarian Empire (Bulgarian rulers Shishman) on vexilographic maps by the end of the 13th – 17th centuries

The Second Bulgarian Empire (Middle Bulgarian: Ц(а)рьство бл(ъ)гарское; Modern Bulgarian: Второ българско царство, Vtorо Balgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.

Plovdiv

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Second-largest city in Bulgaria (after Sofia), standing on the banks of the Maritsa river in the historical region of Thrace.

Ancient settlements with names related to "deva". Pulpudeva denotes Plovdiv in which the latter name is rooted.

Map describing the city as "Philippopolis, que et Poneropolis, Duloupolis, Eumolpiada, item Trimontium, at que Pulpudena"

A view of Plovdiv with the Rhodope Mountains in the background.

Plan of the known parts of the Roman city superimposed on a plan of modern Plovdiv.

Monument of Krum in Plovdiv, who was the first Bulgarian ruler to capture Plovdiv.

Nebet Tepe, drawing from The Graphic – London, 1885

Taat tepe, in Plovdiv, with the governor's palace and Maritsa river in the foreground. Drawing from The Graphic – London, 1885

A preserved medieval street in the Old town

Map of Plovdiv's cycling infrastructure
Green: built
Orange: planned

A view from the "singing fountains" in Tsar Simeon's garden.

Hisar gate with the ethnographical museum

Looking down one of the streets in Plovdiv.

The city was subsequently a local Thracian settlement, later being conquered and ruled also by Persians, Ancient Macedonians, Celts, Romans, Byzantines, Goths, Huns, Bulgarians (Thracians, Bulgars, Slavic tribes, etc.), Crusaders, and Ottoman Turks.

Balkans

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Geographic area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

Western Balkan countries – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Croatia (yellow) joined the EU in 2013.

Panorama of the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina). Its highest peak is Botev at a height of 2,376 m.

Sutjeska National Park contains Perućica, which is the largest primeval forests in the Balkans, and one of the last remaining in Europe.

View toward Rila, the highest mountain of the Balkans and Southeast Europe (2,925 m).

Lake Skadar is the largest lake in the Balkans and Southern Europe.

Pula Arena, the only remaining Roman amphitheatre to have four side towers and with all three Roman architectural orders entirely preserved.

Remnants of the Felix Romuliana Imperial Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Modern political history of the Balkans from 1796 onwards.

Hagia Sophia, built in sixth century Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) as an Eastern Orthodox cathedral, later a mosque, then a museum, and now both a mosque and a museum

Tsarevets, a medieval stronghold in the former capital of the Bulgarian Empire – Veliko Tarnovo.

The 13th-century church of St. John at Kaneo and the Ohrid Lake in North Macedonia. The lake and town were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980.

State entities on the former territory of Yugoslavia, 2008

View from Santorini in Greece. Tourism is an important part of the Greek economy.

Dubrovnik in Croatia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1979.

View towards Sveti Stefan in Montenegro. Tourism makes up a significant part of the Montenegrin economy.

View towards Piran in Slovenia. Tourism is a rapidly growing sector of the Slovenian economy.

Golden Sands, a popular tourist destination on the Bulgarian coast.

Belgrade is a major industrial city and the capital of Serbia.

The Stari Most in Mostar, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005.

Approximate distribution of religions in Albania

Transhumance ways of the Romance-speaking Vlach shepherds in the past

As examples, for Greeks, Constantine XI Palaiologos and Kolokotronis; and for Serbs, Miloš Obilić, Tsar Lazar and Karadjordje; for Albanians, George Kastrioti Skanderbeg; for ethnic Macedonians, Nikola Karev and Goce Delčev; for Bulgarians, Vasil Levski, Georgi Sava Rakovski and Hristo Botev and for Croats, Nikola Šubić Zrinjski.

Bulgars

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The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians ) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century.

The migration of the Bulgars after the fall of Old Great Bulgaria in the 7th century.

Map of the Bulgar necropolises on the Lower Danube (8–9 century AD.)

The Madara Rider, an example of Bulgar art in Bulgaria, dated to the beginning of the 8th century

Partial reconstruction of the Great Basilica in the first capital of the Bulgarian Empire, Pliska.

The reconstructed copy of Chatalar Inscription by Khan Omurtag (815-831). It is written in Greek, and top two lines read: "Kanasubigi Omortag, in the land where he was born is archon by God. In the field of Pliska...".

The jug golden medallion, from the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós, depicts a warrior with his captive. Experts cannot agree if this warrior represents a Khazar, Pannonian Avar, or Bulgar.

They merged subsequently with established Byzantine populations, as well as with previously settled Slavic tribes, and were eventually Slavicized, thus forming the ancestors of modern Bulgarians.

A report on Bulgarians

82 related topics with Alpha

Bulgaria

First Bulgarian Empire

South Slavs

Bulgarian language

Macedonians (ethnic group)

Slavs

Second Bulgarian Empire

Plovdiv

Balkans

Bulgars