People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide that marked the civil war's start
Buyoya, pictured at Chatham House in 2013
Location of Burundi in Central Africa
Buyoya in 1990
The death of President Melchior Ndadaye (pictured 1993) was one of the civil war's main causes
Flag of the Kingdom of Burundi (1962–1966).
Building torched during the 1993 genocide
Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura.
Ex-President Pierre Buyoya took over the Burundian government in the 1996 coup
Belligerents of the Second Congo War. Burundi backed the rebels.
Hutu rebels regularly attacked Bujumbura (center of the map) from the forested mountains around it
View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006.
Pierre Nkurunziza was elected president in 2005
Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi in 2005–2020.
Burundian government soldiers in 2006, shortly after the conflict's end.
Embassy of Burundi in Brussels
Map of Burundi.
Hippos at Kibira National Park in the Northwest of Burundi
A proportional representation of Burundi exports, 2019
Historical development of GDP per capita
Graphical depiction of Burundi's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories in 2009.
Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika.
Bujumbura International Airport terminal in Bujumbura
Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi
Men in colourful dresses and drums
Children in Bujumbura, Burundi
Drums from Gitega.
Football in Burundi.
Carolus Magnus School in Burundi. The school benefits from the campaign "Your Day for Africa" by Aktion Tagwerk.

The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005.

- Burundian Civil War

Pierre Buyoya (24 November 1949 – 17 December 2020) was a Burundian army officer and politician who served two terms as President of Burundi in 1987 to 1993 and 1996 to 2003 as de facto military dictator.

- Pierre Buyoya

Ndadaye was assassinated during another attempted coup after only three months in office, leading to a series of retaliatory killings that culminated in the Burundian Civil War.

- Pierre Buyoya

Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, leaving the economy undeveloped and the population as one of the world's poorest.

- Burundi

On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition.

- Burundi

The last of the coups was in 1987 and installed Tutsi officer Pierre Buyoya.

- Burundian Civil War
People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide that marked the civil war's start

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President Ndadaye in 1993

Melchior Ndadaye

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President Ndadaye in 1993
Ndadaye speaking at a FRODEBU rally following his electoral victory in 1993
Ndadaye greeting Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi at Bujumbura airport, 1993
Ndadaye's casket lowered into his grave

Melchior Ndadaye (28 March 1953 – 21 October 1993) was a Burundian intellectual and politician.

His assassination sparked an array of brutal tit-for-tat massacres between the Tutsi and Hutu ethnic groups, and ultimately sparked the decade-long Burundi Civil War.

That year Burundi became beset by ethnic violence, and on 23 October he criticised the government of President Pierre Buyoya in a meeting called by the governor of Gitega Province.

A CIA WFB map of Burundi

1996 Burundian coup d'état

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A CIA WFB map of Burundi

The 1996 Burundian coup d'état was a military coup d'état that took place in Burundi on 25 July 1996.

In the midst of the Burundi Civil War, former president Pierre Buyoya (a Tutsi) deposed Hutu President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.

Union for National Progress

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The Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progrès national, UPRONA) is a nationalist political party in Burundi.

Dominated by members of the Tutsi ethnic group and increasingly intolerant to their Hutu counterparts, UPRONA remained the dominant force in Burundian politics until the latter stages of the Burundian Civil War in 2003.

UPRONA President Pierre Buyoya handed over power to Hutu leader Domitien Ndayizeye of the Front for Democracy in Burundi (a Hutu-based party) on 30 April 2003.

Ndayizeye in 2005

Domitien Ndayizeye

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Ndayizeye in 2005

Domitien Ndayizeye (born 2 May 1953) is a Burundian politician who was President of Burundi from 2003 to 2005.

He succeeded Pierre Buyoya, as president on 30 April 2003, after serving as Buyoya's vice president for 18 months.

Burundi is still trying to emerge from a civil war that began in 1993 when several groups drawn from the large Hutu majority took up arms against a government and army then dominated by a Tutsi elite.