A report on Cairo, Memphis, Egypt, Egypt and Fustat

Ruins of the pillared hall of Ramesses II at Mit Rahina

Remains of a circular Roman tower at the Babylon Fortress (late 3rd century) in Old Cairo

Memphis and its necropolis Saqqara as seen from the International Space Station

The Mosque of Amr ibn al-As. Though none of the original structure remains, this mosque was the first one built in Egypt, and it was around this location, at the site of the tent of the commander Amr ibn al-As, that the city of Fustat was built.

Ritualistic object depicting the god Nefertem, who was mainly worshipped in Memphis, The Walters Art Museum

Lustreware Plate with Bird Motif, 11th century. Archaeological digs have found many kilns and ceramic fragments in Fustat, and it was likely an important production location for Islamic ceramics during the Fatimid period.

The Mosque of Ibn Tulun, built by Ahmad Ibn Tulun in 876–879 AD

A plan of Cairo before 1200 AD, as reconstructed by Stanley Lane-Poole (1906), showing the location of Fatimid structures, Saladin's Citadel, and earlier sites (Fustat not shown)

Sculpture from the Middle Kingdom restored in the name of Rameses II

Indian textile fragment, circa 1545 – 1645, found in Fustat. Old, discarded textile fragments are commonly found in the area, preserved in the dry climate of Egypt.

The Cairo Citadel, seen above in the late 19th century, was begun by Saladin in 1176

Relief representing the High Priest of Ptah, Shoshenq

The Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence.

Mausoleum-Madrasa-Hospital complex of Sultan Qalawun, built in 1284–1285 in the center of Cairo, over the remains of a Fatimid palace

Ruins of the palace of Apries, in Memphis

Egyptian soldier of the Achaemenid army, c. 480 BCE. Xerxes I tomb relief.

Funerary complex of Sultan Qaytbay, built in 1470–1474 in the Northern Cemetery (seen in lithograph from 1848)

Alexander at the Temple of Apis in Memphis, by Andre Castaigne (1898–1899)

The Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, at the Temple of Dendera

Map of Cairo in 1809, from the Description de l'Égypte.

Artist's depiction of the western forecourt of the Great Temple of Ptah at Memphis

The Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognized as the oldest in Africa

Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933). On the Way between Old and New Cairo, Citadel Mosque of Mohammed Ali, and Tombs of the Mamelukes, 1872. Oil on canvas. Brooklyn Museum

Column depicting Merenptah making an offering to Ptah

The Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo, of Ahmad Ibn Tulun

The ruins of the temple of Hathor of Memphis

The Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth caliph, as renovated by Dawoodi Bohra

Aerial view 1904 from a balloon where the Egyptian Museum appears to the right side.

A statue of the sacred bull, Apis, found at the Serapeum of Saqqara.

Napoleon defeated the Mamluk troops in the Battle of the Pyramids, 21 July 1798, painted by Lejeune.

Ankhefenmut kneels before the royal cartouche of Siamun, on a lintel from the Temple of Amun in Memphis

The colossus of Rameses II in the open-air museum

Muhammad Ali was the founder of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first Khedive of Egypt and Sudan.

A protester holding an Egyptian flag during the protests that started on 25 January 2011.

The famed stepped Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, the Memphis necropolis

The battle of Tel el-Kebir in 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War

The river Nile flows through Cairo, here contrasting ancient customs of daily life with the modern city of today.

The ruins of the palace of Apries, overlooking Memphis

Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919

Aerial view looking south, with the Zamalek and Gezira districts on Gezira Island, surrounded by the Nile

James Rennell's map of Memphis and Cairo in 1799, showing the changes in the course of the Nile river

Fuad I of Egypt with Edward, Prince of Wales, 1932

Statue of Rameses II, uncovered in Memphis by Joseph Hekekyan

British infantry near El Alamein, 17 July 1942

Cairo weather observations by French savants

Museum worker in the process of cleaning the Rameses II colossus

Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960

View of the 6th October Bridge and the Cairo skyline.

Depiction of Ptah found on the walls of the Temple of Hathor

Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the Suez Canal hit during the initial Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956.

Cairo University is the largest university in Egypt, and is located in Giza.

The alabaster sphinx found outside the Temple of Ptah

Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the Yom Kippur War, 1973

Library building at the new campus of the American University of Cairo in New Cairo

Statue of Rameses II in the open-air museum

Celebrating the signing of the 1978 Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat

Closeup of the sphinx outside the Temple of Ptah

Cairo grew into a metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million.

Women in Cairo wear face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt in March 2020.

Cairo International Stadium with 75,100 seats

Cairo Opera House, at the National Cultural Center, Zamalek district.

The Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west

The Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt.

Solomon Schechter studying documents from the Cairo Geniza, c. 1895.

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is the current President of Egypt.

Statue of Talaat Pasha Harb, the father of the modern Egyptian economy, in Downtown Cairo

Egyptian honor guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen

President el-Sisi with US President Donald Trump, 21 May 2017

The High Court of Justice in Downtown Cairo

Main entrance of the Egyptian Museum, located at Tahrir Square

Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013

Prominent Egyptian dissident Alaa Abd El-Fattah was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021.

1. Matrouh
2. Alexandria
3. Beheira
4. Kafr El Sheikh
5. Dakahlia
6. Damietta
7. Port Said
8. North Sinai
9. Gharbia
10. Monufia
11. Qalyubia
12. Sharqia
13. Ismailia
14. Giza
15. Faiyum
16. Cairo
17. Suez
18. South Sinai
19. Beni Suef
20. Minya
21. New Valley
22. Asyut
23. Red Sea
24. Sohag
25. Qena
26. Luxor
27. Aswan

Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.

Al-Azhar Mosque, view of Fatimid-era courtyard and Mamluk minarets

Smart Village, a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses

Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan and the al-Rifa'i Mosque, seen from the Citadel

The Citadel of Cairo, with the Mosque of Muhammad Ali

Tourists riding an Arabian camel in front of Pyramid of Khafre. The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions.

An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field

Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta

Egypt's population density (people per km2)

Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics

Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the Project for Public Spaces.

The "weighing of the heart" scene from the Book of the Dead

Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature

Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo

Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the Egyptian Museum of Cairo.

Cairo (القاهرة, ) is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world.

- Cairo

Its ruins are located near the modern town of Mit Rahina (ميت رهينة), 20 km (12 mi) south of Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt.

- Memphis, Egypt

It was built adjacent to what is now known as Old Cairo by the Rashidun Muslim general 'Amr ibn al-'As immediately after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, and featured the Mosque of Amr, the first mosque built in Egypt.

- Fustat

Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area.

- Cairo

Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat, a settlement founded after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon.

- Cairo

Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast.

- Egypt

The remains of the city were eventually absorbed by nearby Cairo, which had been built to the north of Fustat in 969 when the Fatimids conquered the region and created a new city as a royal enclosure for the Caliph.

- Fustat

Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest.

- Egypt

The city of Memphis is 20 km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile.

- Memphis, Egypt

For thousands of years, the capital of Egypt was moved with different cultures through multiple locations up and down the Nile, such as Thebes and Memphis, depending on which dynasty was in power.

- Fustat

Memphis remained the second city of Egypt until the establishment of Fustat (or Fostat) in 641 AD. Afterward it was largely abandoned and became a source of stone for the surrounding settlements.

- Memphis, Egypt

The Arabs founded the capital of Egypt called Fustat, which was later burned down during the Crusades.

- Egypt

1 related topic with Alpha

Alexandria

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The Lighthouse of Alexandria on coins minted in Alexandria in the second century (1: reverse of a coin of Antoninus Pius, and 2: reverse of a coin of Commodus).

Alexandria in the late 18th century, by Luigi Mayer

Entry of General Bonaparte into Alexandria, oil on canvas, 365 x,, Versailles

The Battle of Abukir, by Antoine-Jean Gros 1806

Alexandria: bombardment by British naval forces

Map of the city in the 1780s, by Louis-François Cassas.

Macedonian Army, shown on the Alexander Sarcophagus.

Engraving by L. F. Cassas of the Canopic Street in Alexandria, Egypt made in 1784.

Satellite image of Alexandria and other cities show its surrounding coastal plain

Egypt – Obelisk, Alexandria. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection.

Side view of The Temple of Taposiris Magna.

Jewish girls during Bat Mitzva in Alexandria

The Italian consulate in Saad Zaghloul Square

Alexandria ( or ; الإسكندرية ; ) is a Mediterranean port city in Egypt.

Founded in c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital.

The city extends about 40 km along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the second-largest in Egypt (after Cairo), the fourth-largest city in the Arab world, the ninth-largest city in Africa, the ninth-largest urban area in Africa, and the 79th-largest urban area by population on Earth.

It retained this status for almost a millennium, through the period of Roman and Eastern Roman rule until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo).