A report on Mathematical analysis, Geometry, Calculus and Mathematics

A strange attractor arising from a differential equation. Differential equations are an important area of mathematical analysis with many applications in science and engineering.

An illustration of Desargues' theorem, a result in Euclidean and projective geometry

Archimedes used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under a parabola.

3rd century BC Greek mathematician Euclid (holding calipers), as imagined by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens (1509–1511)

Archimedes used the method of exhaustion to compute the area inside a circle by finding the area of regular polygons with more and more sides. This was an early but informal example of a limit, one of the most basic concepts in mathematical analysis.

A European and an Arab practicing geometry in the 15th century

Alhazen, 11th-century Arab mathematician and physicist

The distribution of prime numbers is a central point of study in number theory. This Ulam spiral serves to illustrate it, hinting, in particular, at the conditional independence between being prime and being a value of certain quadratic polynomials.

Woman teaching geometry. Illustration at the beginning of a medieval translation of Euclid's Elements, (c. 1310).

Isaac Newton developed the use of calculus in his laws of motion and gravitation.

The quadratic formula expresses concisely the solutions of all quadratic equations

An illustration of Euclid's parallel postulate

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was the first to state clearly the rules of calculus.

Rubik's cube: the study of its possible moves is a concrete application of group theory

Acute (a), obtuse (b), and straight (c) angles. The acute and obtuse angles are also known as oblique angles.

The Babylonian mathematical tablet Plimpton 322, dated to 1800 BC.

A sphere is a surface that can be defined parametrically (by or implicitly (by x2 + y2 + z2 − r2 = 0.)

The logarithmic spiral of the Nautilus shell is a classical image used to depict the growth and change related to calculus.

Archimedes used the method of exhaustion, depicted here, to approximate the value of pi.

Visual checking of the Pythagorean theorem for the (3, 4, 5) triangle as in the Zhoubi Suanjing 500–200 BC. The Pythagorean theorem is a consequence of the Euclidean metric.

The numerals used in the Bakhshali manuscript, dated between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD.

$The Koch snowflake, with fractal dimension=log4/log3 and topological dimension=1$

Leonardo Fibonacci, the Italian mathematician who introduced the Hindu–Arabic numeral system invented between the 1st and 4th centuries by Indian mathematicians, to the Western World.

Differential geometry uses tools from calculus to study problems involving curvature.

Leonhard Euler created and popularized much of the mathematical notation used today.

Carl Friedrich Gauss, known as the prince of mathematicians

Discrete geometry includes the study of various sphere packings.

The Cayley graph of the free group on two generators a and b

Bou Inania Madrasa, Fes, Morocco, zellige mosaic tiles forming elaborate geometric tessellations

The Pythagoreans discovered that the sides of a triangle could have incommensurable lengths.

Euler's identity, which American physicist Richard Feynman once called "the most remarkable formula in mathematics".

Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

- Mathematical analysis

Geometry is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics.

- Geometry

Calculus, originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals", is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape, and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.

- Calculus

Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes such topics as numbers (arithmetic, number theory), formulas and related structures (algebra), shapes and the spaces in which they are contained (geometry), and quantities and their changes (calculus and analysis).

- Mathematics

Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.

- Mathematical analysis

Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects (a metric space).

- Mathematical analysis

In mathematics education, calculus denotes courses of elementary mathematical analysis, which are mainly devoted to the study of functions and limits.

- Calculus

This was a necessary precursor to the development of calculus and a precise quantitative science of physics.

- Geometry

Two of the master geometers of the time were Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866), working primarily with tools from mathematical analysis, and introducing the Riemann surface, and Henri Poincaré, the founder of algebraic topology and the geometric theory of dynamical systems.

- Geometry

A report on Mathematical analysis, Geometry, Calculus and Mathematics

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