A report on Julian calendar and Calendar era
A.D. (or AD) – for the Latin Anno Domini, meaning "in the year of (our) Lord". This is the dominant or Western Christian Era; AD is used in the Gregorian calendar. Anno Salutis, meaning "in the year of salvation" is identical. Originally intended to number years from the Incarnation of Jesus, according to modern thinking the calculation was a few years off. Years preceding AD 1 are numbered using the BC era, avoiding zero or negative numbers. AD was also used in the medieval Julian calendar, but the first day of the year was either 1 March, Easter, 25 March, 1 September, or 25 December, not 1 January. To distinguish between the Julian and Gregorian calendars, O.S. and N.S. were often added to the date, especially during the 17th and 18th centuries, when both calendars were in common use. Old Style (O.S.) was used for the Julian calendar and for years not beginning on 1 January. New Style (N.S.) was used for the Gregorian calendar and for Julian calendar years beginning on 1 January. Many countries switched to using 1 January as the start of the numbered year at the same time as they switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, but others switched earlier or later.
- Calendar eraIn 537, Justinian required that henceforth the date must include the name of the emperor and his regnal year, in addition to the indiction and the consul, while also allowing the use of local eras.
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Anno Domini
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The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
This calendar era is based on the traditionally reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus, AD counting years from the start of this epoch and BC denoting years before the start of the era.
Epoch
2 linksIn chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era.
The Anno Domini or Common Era system, still in use with the Julian calendar and Gregorians today, marks the Incarnation of Jesus as calculated in the 6th century by Dionysius Exiguus.
Anno Mundi
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Anno Mundi (from Latin "in the year of the world"; לבריאת העולם), abbreviated as AM or A.M., or Year After Creation, is a calendar era based on the biblical accounts of the creation of the world and subsequent history.
The Byzantine calendar was used in the Eastern Roman Empire and many Christian Orthodox countries and Eastern Orthodox Churches and was based on the Septuagint text of the Bible. That calendar is similar to the Julian calendar except that its reference date is equivalent to 1 September 5509 BC on the Julian proleptic calendar.
Gregorian calendar
1 linksCalendar used in most of the world.
Calendar used in most of the world.
It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar.
A calendar date is fully specified by the year (numbered according to a calendar era, in this case Anno Domini or Common Era), the month (identified by name or number), and the day of the month (numbered sequentially starting from 1).
Roman calendar
0 linksThe calendar used by the Roman kingdom and republic.
The calendar used by the Roman kingdom and republic.
The term often includes the Julian calendar established by the reforms of the dictator Julius Caesar and emperor Augustus in the late 1stcenturyBC and sometimes includes any system dated by inclusive counting towards months' kalends, nones, and ides in the Roman manner.
The calendar era before and under the Roman kings is uncertain but dating by regnal years was common in antiquity.