A report on Cameroon and Chad

Bamum script is a writing system developed by King Njoya in the late 19th century.
Group of Kanem-Bu warriors. The Kanem–Bornu Empire controlled almost all of what is today Chad.
Former president Ahmadou Ahidjo ruled from 1960 until 1982.
A Chadian soldier fighting for Free France during World War II. The Free French Forces included 15,000 soldiers from Chad.
Paul Biya has ruled the country since 1982.
Despite internal political opposition, coup attempts, and a civil war, Idriss Déby continuously ruled Chad from 1990 until his death in 2021.
Unity Palace – Cameroon Presidency
Chad is divided into three distinct zones, the Sudanian Savanna in the south, the Sahara Desert in the north, and the Sahelian belt in the center.
A statue of a chief in Bana, West Region
An African bush elephant
President Paul Biya with U.S. President Barack Obama in 2014
Toubou nomads in the Ennedi Mountains
Military vehicles during a parade
Mboum girls dancing in Chad
Cameroon is divided into 10 regions.
Chadian woman voting during the 2016 presidential election
Volcanic plugs dot the landscape near Rhumsiki, Far North Region.
Embassy of Chad in Washington, D.C.
Elephants in Waza National Park
A proportional representation of Chad exports, 2019
School children in Cameroon
GDP per capita development of Chad, since 1950
Life expectancy in Cameroon
Women in Mao, where water is provided by a water tower. Access to clean water is often a problem in Chad.
Dutch bulls and cows at Wallya community during the rainy season in Cameroon
A Chadian tailor sells traditional dresses.
Douala seaport
Criquets grillés ou fris
Cameroonian women on Women's Day Celebration
The homes of the Musgum, in the Far North Region, are made of earth and grass.
Map of the region's indigenous languages
Dancers greet visitors to the East Region.
Plantains and "Bobolo" (made from cassava) served with Ndolè (meat and shrimp)
Cameroonian fashion is varied and often mixes modern and traditional elements. Note the wearing of sun glasses, Monk shoes, sandals, and a Smartwatch.
A woman weaves a basket near Lake Ossa, Littoral Region. Cameroonians practise such handicrafts throughout the country.
Cameroon faces Germany at Zentralstadion in Leipzig, 17 November 2004.
Our Lady of Victories Cathedral, catholic church in Yaoundé

It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south.

- Cameroon

It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the south-west, Nigeria to the southwest (at Lake Chad), and Niger to the west.

- Chad

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Central African Republic

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Landlocked country in Central Africa.

Landlocked country in Central Africa.

The Bouar Megaliths, pictured here on a 1967 Central African stamp, date back to the very late Neolithic Era (c. 3500–2700 BCE).
The Sultan of Bangassou and his wives, 1906
Charles de Gaulle in Bangui, 1940.
Jean-Bédel Bokassa, self-crowned Emperor of Central Africa
Rebel militia in the northern countryside, 2007.
Refugees of the fighting in the Central African Republic, January 2014
Current military situation in Central African Republic
Falls of Boali on the Mbali River
A village in the Central African Republic
Dzanga-Sangha Reserve
Central African Republic map of Köppen climate classification.
Central African Republic President Faustin Touadera with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, 11 April 2019
President Faustin Touadera with Russian President Vladimir Putin, 23 May 2018
The Aka Pygmies living in the Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve
Fula women in Paoua
A Christian church in the Central African Republic.
A proportional representation of Central African Republic exports, 2019
GDP per capita development in the Central African Republic
Bangui shopping district
Trucks in Bangui
Classroom in Sam Ouandja
Mothers and babies aged between 0 and 5 years are lining up in a Health Post at Begoua, a district of Bangui, waiting for the two drops of the oral polio vaccine.
A Central African woman

It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west.

Membership of ECCAS

Central Africa

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Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Membership of ECCAS
Congo Basin
The Kanem and Bornu Empires in 1810
Abéché, capital of Wadai, in 1918 after the French had taken over
Lunda town and dwelling
Kongo in 1711
French explorer Paul Du Chaillu confirmed the existence of Pygmy peoples of central Africa
Fishing in Central Africa
UN Macroregion of Central Africa
Art from Cameroon
ECCAS/CEMAC state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state only

Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and São Tomé and Príncipe are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).

Nigeria

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Country in West Africa.

Country in West Africa.

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Ceremonial Igbo pot from 9th-century Igbo-Ukwu
Yoruba copper mask of Obalufon from the city of Ife c. 1300
Royal Benin ivory mask, one of Nigeria's most recognized artifacts. Benin Empire, 16th century.
Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard who as Governor-General of Nigeria led the amalgamation of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and Southern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914.
Emir of Kano with cavalry, 1911
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1953 postage stamp with portrait of Queen ElizabethII
Nnamdi Azikiwe, first president of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966
The Republic of Biafra in June 1967, when it declared its independence from the rest of Nigeria
Shehu Shagari was the first democratically elected President of Nigeria from 1979 to 1983.
Olusegun Obasanjo was civilian President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007.
Muhammadu Buhari is currently serving as President of Nigeria, since 2015.
Nigerian National Assembly, Abuja
Nigerian Army self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
Nigerian Air Force Mil Mi-35P
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Abuja
Former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan (centre) with United States President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama in August 2014
Map of Nigeria with administrative divisions
Climate map of Nigeria
Palm plantation in Delta State
Rainforest range of Obudu Mountains
Clouds kissing the mountains of Obudu
A proportional representation of Nigeria exports, 2019
Farm ploughing in Kwara State
Oil facility at Bonny Island, Rivers State
PTDF – Petroleum Technology Development Fund
Countries by natural gas proven reserves (2014). Nigeria has the largest reserves in Africa.
Innoson vehicles
Steel factory in Ajaokuta
Meridien Akwa Ibom golf course park
Lekki Beach in Lagos
Substation in Abuja
Railway system in Nigeria, 2022
Second Niger bridge at Onitsha, artistic impression
SpaceX launch of CRS-11 with Nigeria EduSat-1 on board in 2017
Population density (persons per square kilometer) in Nigeria
Map of Nigeria's linguistic groups
The Abuja National Mosque
National Church of Nigeria, Abuja
Nigerian states that implement some form of sharia law (in green)
A hospital in Abuja
The University of Lagos
A Nigerian police officer at the Eyo festival in Lagos
End SARS is a decentralised social movement and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria.
Nigerian women in tech
Lisa Folawiyo, Fashion Designer From Nigeria
An Eyo Iga Olowe Salaye masquerade jumping
Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, Africa's most popular and best selling literary piece ever, has been translated into more than forty languages.
Wizkid is a popular musician in Nigeria, Africa and worldwide.
Nigeria at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Nigerian football supporters at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
Imota Rice Mill, close to Lagos
Oil and gas fields in the Niger delta
Oil and gas fields in the Niger delta
The world's biggest distilling column at the Dangote refinery in comparison
The world's biggest distilling column at the Dangote refinery in comparison
Pharmacy in Epe
Ituen Basi, Lagos based Nigerian fashion designer

Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west.

Photograph taken by Apollo 7, October 1968

Lake Chad

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Historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Central Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries.

Historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Central Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries.

Photograph taken by Apollo 7, October 1968
Shrinking of Lake Chad from 1972 to 2007
Kanuri tribal fishermen in 1970s
Shore of Lake Chad
The Transaqua scheme (in red) to replenish the lake
A town on the shores of Lake Chad

Lake Chad is economically important, providing water to more than 30 million people living in the four countries surrounding it (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria) on the central part of the Sahel.

Kanem–Bornu Empire

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Bornu Empire extent c.1750
Bornu territory by 1500
Influence of Kanem Empire around 1200 AD
Borno in 1810
Influence of Kanem Empire around 1200 AD
Young woman from Bornu, mid-19th century
Kanembu warriors and their mounted chief in an illustration from Heinrich Barth's Travels and Discoveries, Vol. III, 1857

The Kanem–Bornu Empire existed in areas which are now part of Niger, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad and Nigeria.

Terracotta Sao statuette

Sao civilisation

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Terracotta Sao statuette

The Sao civilization (also called So) flourished in Central Africa from ca. the fourth or sixth century BC to as late as the sixteenth century AD. The Sao lived by the Chari River basin in territory that later became part of Cameroon and Chad.

Economic Community of Central African States

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Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa.

Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa.

The treaty became effective in 1966 after it was ratified by the then five member countries—Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, and Gabon.

Giraffe in Zakouma National Park, Chad

East Sudanian savanna

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Hot, dry, tropical savanna ecoregion of Central and East Africa.

Hot, dry, tropical savanna ecoregion of Central and East Africa.

Giraffe in Zakouma National Park, Chad

the western block covers portions of northern Cameroon, southernmost Chad, northern Central African Republic, and southeastern South Sudan. It is bounded on the south by the Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic ecoregion.

Boko Haram

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The maximum extent of Boko Haram in January 2015 shown in dark grey
Nigerian states with sharia law shown in green
Map of Nigeria from the CIA World Factbook
Lake Chad
Michelle Obama raising public awareness of the Chibok kidnapping
Northern Cameroon
Wounded people following a bomb attack by Boko Haram in Nyanya, in April 2014
Location of the town of Mubi within Adamawa State
Map of Boko Haram's territorial control on 10 April 2015, over 2 months after the start of the 2015 West African offensive
Boko Haram fighters executing a man in 2017

Boko Haram, officially known as Jamā'at Ahl as-Sunnah lid-Da'wah wa'l-Jihād (جماعة أهل السنة للدعوة والجهاد), is an Islamic terrorist organization based in northeastern Nigeria, which is also active in Chad, Niger, and northern Cameroon.

Map of Africa with OHADA member states in green. Other states of sub-Saharan Africa are dark gray. The Democratic Republic of Congo, an OHADA candidate state, is dark green.

OHADA

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System of corporate law and implementing institutions adopted by seventeen West and Central African nations in 1993 in Port Louis, Mauritius before it was revised in 2008 in Quebec, Canada.

System of corporate law and implementing institutions adopted by seventeen West and Central African nations in 1993 in Port Louis, Mauritius before it was revised in 2008 in Quebec, Canada.

Map of Africa with OHADA member states in green. Other states of sub-Saharan Africa are dark gray. The Democratic Republic of Congo, an OHADA candidate state, is dark green.

Cameroon

Chad