Canada

Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 e6km2, making it the world's second-largest country by total area.

The provinces and territories of Canada are the sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution.

Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border.

It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second- and fourth-largest countries by area, respectively.

Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.

Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada, with a population of 2,731,571 in 2016.

Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada (after Toronto).

Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

The following tables show the average maximum and minimum temperatures of Canada of various cities across Canada, based on the climate period from 1981-2010 for the months of January and July (generally the lowest and highest average temperature months, but not in every case).

Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers.

Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Aboriginal Canadians (Canadiens Autochtones), are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada.

This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom.

The Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867, when the British colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were merged to form a single Dominion within the British Empire.

In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.

Canadian Confederation (Confédération canadienne) was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.

In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.

These territories today form modern-day Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries.

Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada to reside there The majority of these people become Canadian citizens.

Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

Canada–United States relations refers to the bilateral relations between Canada and the United States of America.

This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and modified versions of it are now domestic law within Australia and Canada; it has been repealed in New Zealand and implicitly in former Dominions that are no longer Commonwealth realms.

The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level.

As of 2019, there are 16 Commonwealth realms: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United Kingdom.

Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

The culture of Canada embodies the artistic, culinary, literary, humour, musical, political and social elements that are representative of Canada and Canadians.

Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state.

When her father died in February 1952, she became head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon.

Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.

The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level.

Official bilingualism is the term used in Canada to collectively describe the policies, constitutional provisions, and laws that ensure legal equality of English and French in the Parliament and courts of Canada, protect the linguistic rights of English and French-speaking minorities in different provinces, and ensure a level of government services in both languages across Canada.

Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the Group of Ten, the G20, the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a member of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level.

Queen Elizabeth II, in her address to Canada on Dominion Day in 1959, pointed out that the confederation of Canada on 1 July 1867 had been the birth of the "first independent country within the British Empire".

This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which was passed (as stated in the preamble) at the request of the Parliament of Canada, to "patriate" Canada's constitution, ending the power of the British Parliament to amend the Constitution of Canada.

It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education.

These are various international rankings of Canada.

Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers.

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married European settlers.

The Métis in Canada are groups of peoples in Canada who trace their descent to First Nations peoples and European settlers, primarily French in the early decades.