A report on GuyanaSuriname and Caribbean

Map of Caribbean region, including dependencies
Kaieteur Falls is the world's largest single-drop waterfall by volume.
Maroon village, along Suriname River, 1955
Map of the Caribbean
A Cuban PT-76 tank crew performing routine security duties in Angola during the Cuban intervention into the country
Rupununi Savannah
Presidential Palace of Suriname
Satellite image of Guyana from 2004
Waterfront houses in Paramaribo, 1955
Tropical monsoon climate in San Andrés island, Caribbean, Colombia.
Anomaloglossus beebei (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas
Javanese immigrants brought as contract workers from the Dutch East Indies. Picture was taken between 1880 and 1900.
Köppen climate map of the islands of the Caribbean.
The hoatzin is the national bird of Guyana.
Henck Arron, Beatrix and Johan Ferrier on 25 November 1975
A field in Pinar del Rio planted with Cuban tobacco
A tractor in a rice field on Guyana's coastal plain
National Assembly
Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya
A proportional representation of Guyana exports, 2019
Court of Justice
Grand Anse beach, St. George's, Grenada
Thatched roof houses in Guyana
Map of Suriname
A church cemetery perched in the mountains of Guadeloupe
Guyana's population density in 2005 (people per km2)
Districts of Suriname
A view of Nevis island from the southeastern peninsula of Saint Kitts
A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.
Brokopondo Reservoir surrounded by tropical rainforest
Spanish Caribbean Islands in the American Viceroyalties 1600
The State House, Guyana's presidential residence
The Coppename river, one of many rivers in the interior
Political evolution of Central America and the Caribbean from 1700 to present
The Supreme Court of Guyana
Leatherback sea turtle on the beach near the village of Galibi
The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 16th century
Guyana's parliament building since 1834
Disputed areas shown on the map of Suriname (left and right, gray areas)
Cayo de Agua, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela
Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.
Suriname map of Köppen climate classification
Palancar Beach in Cozumel Island, Mexico
Cross-border bridge from Guyana to Brazil near Lethem
The blue poison dart frog is endemic to Suriname.
Guanaja Island, Bay Islands, Honduras
A proportional representation of Suriname exports, 2019
A linen market in Dominica in the 1770s
St George's Cathedral, Georgetown
Ministry of Finance
Agostino Brunias. Free Women of Color with Their Children and Servants in a Landscape Brooklyn Museum
Providence Stadium as seen from the East Bank Highway
The population of Suriname from 1961 to 2003, in units of 1000. The slowdown and decline in population growth ~1969–1985 reflects a mass migration to the Netherlands and French Guiana.
Asian Indians in the late nineteenth century singing and dancing in Trinidad and Tobago
Immigrants from India
Street scene, Matanzas, Cuba
Synagogue and mosque adjacent to each other in Paramaribo
Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago
Butcher in the Central Market in Paramaribo with signs written in Dutch
Havana Cathedral (Catholic) in Cuba completed in 1777
Pagara (red firecracker ribbons)
Holy Trinity Cathedral, an Anglican Christian cathedral in Trinidad and Tobago
Central Suriname Nature Reserve seen from the Voltzberg
Temple in the Sea, a Hindu mandir in Trinidad and Tobago
The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Paramaribo
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Memorial Masjid, a Muslim masjid in Trinidad and Tobago
A Jewish synagogue in Suriname
A Haitian Vodou alter
Flag of the Caribbean Common Market and Community (CARICOM)
Doubles, one of the national dishes of Trinidad and Tobago
Arroz con gandules, one of the national dishes of Puerto Rico
thumb|Counter-attack by Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces supported by T-34 tanks near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 19 April 1961.
thumb|A Marine heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965.
thumb|A Soviet-made BTR-60 armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during Operation Urgent Fury (1983)
thumb|US Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) off Haiti, 1994.
Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the rainforest of Dominica.
A green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Guadeloupe.
Costus speciosus, a marsh plant, Guadeloupe.
An Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) in Martinique.
Crescentia cujete, or calabash fruit, Martinique.
Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse fish), over Bispira brunnea (social feather duster worms).
Two Stenopus hispidus (banded cleaner shrimp) on a Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge).
A pair of Cyphoma signatum (fingerprint cowry), off coastal Haiti.
The Martinique amazon, Amazona martinicana, is an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
Anastrepha suspensa, a Caribbean fruit fly.
Hemidactylus mabouia, a tropical gecko, in Dominica Edited by: Taniya Brooks.
Precolombian languages of the Antilles.Ciboney Taíno, Classic Taíno, and Iñeri were Arawakan, Karina and Yao were Cariban. Macorix, Ciguayo and Guanahatabey are unclassified.
The Battle of the Saintes between British and French fleets in 1782, by Nicholas Pocock
The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 18th century

It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, and Brazil to the south.

- Suriname

Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east.

- Guyana

On the mainland, Belize, Nicaragua, the Caribbean region of Colombia, Cozumel, the Yucatán Peninsula, Margarita Island, and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guayana Region in Venezuela, and Amapá in Brazil) are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region.

- Caribbean

It is part of the mainland Caribbean region maintaining strong cultural, historical, and political ties with other Caribbean countries as well as serving as the headquarters for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

- Guyana

Suriname is considered a culturally Caribbean country, and is a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

- Suriname

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Overall

Kalina people

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Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.

Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.

Map indicating the current geographic distribution of the Kali'na population
Drawing of a Kali'na ritual.
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Kali'na man in Paris in 1892 holding a putu, or wooden club.
Portrait of the Kali'na exhibited at the Jardin d’Acclimatation in Paris in 1892.
Kali'na girls in Suriname in the village of Bigi Poika.
Kali'na village.
Kali'na boy in a dugout in Paris in 1892.

Today, the Kalina live largely in villages on the rivers and coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.

They may be related to the Island Caribs of the Caribbean, though their languages are unrelated.

Political map of The Guianas, including the Venezuelan (former Spanish Guayana) and the Brazilian (former Portuguese Guiana) Guianas

The Guianas

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Region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories:

Region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories:

Political map of The Guianas, including the Venezuelan (former Spanish Guayana) and the Brazilian (former Portuguese Guiana) Guianas
Parime Lacus on a map by Hessel Gerritsz (1625). Situated at the west coast of the lake, the so-called city Manoa or El Dorado
Map of the Guianas dated 1888.

Guyana, formerly known as British Guiana from 1831 until 1966, after the colonies of Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara, taken from the Netherlands in 1814, were merged into a single colony

Suriname, formerly Dutch Guiana, until 1814 together with Berbice, Essequibo and Demerara

The native tribes of the Northern Amazon are most closely related to the natives of the Caribbean; most evidence suggests that the Arawaks immigrated from the Orinoco and Essequibo River Basins in Venezuela and Guiana into the northern islands, and were then supplanted by more warlike tribes of Carib Indians, who departed from these same river valleys a few centuries later.

Caribbean Community

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Exclusive Economic Zones of the member states of the CARICOM. Considering them, the total area reaches the 2 300 297 km².

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organization that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) throughout the Caribbean having primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy.

The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana.

The organization became multilingual with the addition of Dutch-speaking Suriname in 1995 and the French- and Haitian Creole-speaking Haiti in 2002.

Indo-Caribbeans in the 19th century celebrating the Indian culture in West Indies through dance and music.

Indo-Caribbeans

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Indo-Caribbeans in the 19th century celebrating the Indian culture in West Indies through dance and music.
A 19th-century lithograph by Theodore Bray showing workers harvesting sugarcane on a Caribbean plantation; on the right is the European overseer.
Indian indentured laborers worked for decades for meagre wages in sugar cane plantations of the Dutch East Indies. This image from Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute shows two Indo-Caribbean people walking towards the house of a Dutch engineer in a Caribbean sugar cane plantation.
Many Caribbean islands celebrate traditional Indian festivals, such as Diwali, as shown in this Divali Nagar decorations from Trinidad and Tobago.
Temple in the Sea
The 26-meter Hanuman murti in Carapichaima, a noted centre of Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian culture; it is the largest statue of Hanuman outside of India
Central Vaidic Mandir in Georgetown, Guyana
Mosque Keizerstraat

Indo-Caribbeans or Indian-Caribbeans are Indian people in the Caribbean who are descendants of the Jahaji Indian indentured laborers brought by the British, Dutch, and French during the colonial era from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century.

Most Indo-Caribbean people live in the English-speaking Caribbean nations, the Dutch-speaking Suriname and the French overseas departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana, with smaller numbers in other Caribbean countries and, following further migration, in North America and Europe.

In fact, the first two shiploads of Indians arrived in British Guiana (modern-day Guyana) on May 5, 1838, on board the Whitby and Hesperus.

Sarnami Hindustani (Roman script) plaque at Suriname Memorial, Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Caribbean Hindustani

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Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Caribbeans and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora.

Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Caribbeans and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora.

Sarnami Hindustani (Roman script) plaque at Suriname Memorial, Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

These languages were spoken by the Indians who came as immigrants to the Caribbean from India as indentured laborers.

The language has also borrowed many words from Dutch and English in Suriname and Guyana, and English and French in Trinidad and Tobago.