A report on Imperial Japanese Army, Chōshū Domain, Empire of Japan and Imperial Japanese Navy

The ensign of the Imperial Japanese Army

Ukiyo-E, depicting the retreat of shogunate forces in front of the Imperial Army (Kangun). Yodo Castle is shown in the background.

The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942:
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The Koishikawa Arsenal in Tokyo, inaugurated in 1871, soon after the Meiji restoration.

The Naval Battle of Hakodate, May 1869; in the foreground, and of the Imperial Japanese Navy

A 16th-century Japanese "Atakebune" coastal naval war vessel, bearing the symbol of the Tokugawa Clan.

Prince Aritomo Yamagata, a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and twice Prime Minister of Japan. He was one of the main architects of the military foundations of early modern Japan. Yamagata Aritomo can be seen as the father of Japanese militarism.

Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Nagato Province highlighted

No. 6 Odaiba battery, one of the original Edo-era battery islands. These batteries are defensive structures built to withstand naval intrusions.

Barrack of the Imperial Guard, circa 1940

Prominent members of the Iwakura mission. Left to right: Kido Takayoshi, Yamaguchi Masuka, Iwakura Tomomi, Itō Hirobumi, Ōkubo Toshimichi

The Naval Battle of Hakodate, May 1869; in the foreground, wooden paddle steamer warship and ironclad warship of the Imperial Japanese Navy

Marquis Nozu Michitsura, a field marshal in the early Imperial Japanese Army. He was appointed as chief of staff of the Imperial Guard (Japan) in 1874.

Emperor Meiji, the 122nd emperor of Japan

The ironclad Fusō, between 1878 and 1891

Marquis Jutoku Saigo, a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army. He is the nephew of Saigō Takamori, the leader of Satsuma Rebellion of 1877. Many of the rebels were incorporated into the Imperial Army after the failure of the armed uprising.

The Chōshū Kiheitai fought against the shogunate in the Second Chōshū expedition and the Boshin War.

Commander-in-chief Saigō Tsugumichi (sitting at the center) pictured with leaders of the Seqalu tribe.

Interior of the Japanese Parliament, showing the Prime Minister speaking addressing the House of Peers, 1915

Marshal-Admiral Marquis Saigo Tsugumichi commanded Japanese expeditionary forces as a lieutenant-general in the Taiwan expedition.

Count Nogi Maresuke, a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and the third governor of Taiwan

Prince Aritomo Yamagata, who was twice Prime Minister of Japan. He was one of the main architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan.

The British-built steam ironclad warship was the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy until 1881.

Type 13(Top) & Type 22(bottom) Murata rifle. Murata rifle was the first indigenously produced Japanese service rifle adopted in 1880.

Hagi Castle, the seat of the Mōri Lords of Chōshū

Baron Masuda Tarokaja, a member of the House of Peers (Kazoku). His father, Baron Masuda Takashi, was responsible for transforming Mitsui into a zaibatsu.

The French-built protected cruiser Matsushima, the flagship of the IJN at the Battle of the Yalu River (1894)

Japanese troops during the Sino-Japanese War

The Tokyo Industrial Exhibition, 1907 (Mitsubishi pavilion and Exhibition halls)

The protected cruiser Hashidate, built domestically at the arsenal of Yokosuka

Count Akiyama Yoshifuru, served as a cavalry regimental commander in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, he led his troops against the Cossack cavalry divisions of the Imperial Russian Army.

Marunouchi District in 1920, looking towards the Imperial Palace

Prince Katsura Tarō, three times Prime Minister of Japan. Katsura was the Vice-Minister of War during the period. He commanded the IJA 3rd Division under his mentor, Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo, during the First Sino-Japanese War.

The Chinese Beiyang Fleet ironclad battleship Zhenyuan captured by IJN in 1895.

Type 30 rifle was the standard infantry rifle of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1897 to 1905.

Thomas Blake Glover was a Scottish merchant in Bakumatsu and received Japan's second highest order from Emperor Meiji in recognition of his contributions to Japan's industrialization.

Ōshima Ken'ichi, Minister of War during the period

Prince Katsura Tarō, thrice Prime Minister and the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan. Katsura commanded the IJA 3rd Division under his mentor, Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo, during the First Sino-Japanese War.

The pre-dreadnought battleship Mikasa, among the most powerful battleships of her time, in 1905, was one of the six battleships ordered as part of the program.

Japanese riflemen during the Russo-Japanese War

Map of the Japanese Empire in 1895. This map was issued shortly after the Japanese invasion of Taiwan and is consequently one of the first Japanese maps to include Taiwan as a possession of Imperial Japan.

Marshal-Admiral Viscount Inoue Yoshika, 1900

The Type 38 rifle was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1905

Marquess Komura Jutaro, 1911. Komura became Minister for Foreign Affairs under the first Katsura administration, and signed the Boxer Protocol on behalf of Japan.

Commanding Officers and Chiefs of Staff of the Allied Military Mission to Siberia, Vladivostok during the Allied Intervention

French illustration of a Japanese assault on entrenched Russian troops during the Russo-Japanese War

Port Arthur viewed from the Top of Gold Hill, after capitulation in 1905. From left wrecks of Russian pre-dreadnought battleships Peresvet, Poltava, Retvizan, Pobeda and the protected cruiser Pallada

IJA amphibious assault ship Shinshū Maru, the world's first landing craft carrier ship to be designed as such.

Holland 1-class submarine, the first Japanese navy submarine, purchased during the Russo Japanese War

Army uniforms between 1941 and 1945 (US Army poster)

Count Tadasu Hayashi was the resident minister to the United Kingdom. While serving in London from 1900, he worked to successfully conclude the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and signed on behalf of the government of Japan on January 30, 1902.

The semi-dreadnought battleship Satsuma, the first ship in the world to be designed and laid down as an "all-big-gun" battleship

Port Arthur viewed from the Top of Gold Hill, after its capitulation in 1905. From left are the wrecks of Russian pre-dreadnought battleships Peresvet, Poltava, Retvizan, Pobeda and the protected cruisers Pallada

Type 97 Chi-Ha, the most widely produced Japanese medium tank of World War II

Emperor Taishō, the 123rd emperor of Japan

Topographic map of the Empire of Japan in November, 1918

The seaplane carrier conducted the world's first sea-launched air raids in September 1914.

Indonesian child recruits being trained by Japanese officers as human shield, 1945

Native Micronesian constables of Truk Island, circa 1930. Truk became a possession of the Empire of Japan under a mandate from the League of Nations following Germany's defeat in World War I.

Yokosuka Naval Arsenal immediately after the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923

Many thousands of Indonesian were taken away as forced labourers (romusha) for Japanese military projects, including the Burma-Siam and Saketi-Bayah railways, and suffered or died as a result of ill-treatment and starvation. Pictured is an internment camp in Jakarta, c. 1945

Photograph shows the super-dreadnought battleship Nagato, between ca. 1920 and ca. 1925

Disposition of the Imperial Japanese Army in Japan at the time of its capitulation, 18 August 1945

Groundbreaking ceremony of Ginza Line, the oldest subway line in Asia, 1925. Front row, right to left: Rudolf Briske, Noritsugu Hayakawa, Furuichi Kōi, Ryutaro Nomura.

Count Itagaki Taisuke is credited as being the first Japanese party leader and an important force for liberalism in Meiji Japan.

The planned Tosa-class battleship Tosa being prepared for scuttling at Kure on 31 January 1925.

Count Katō Komei, the 14th Prime Minister of Japan from June 11, 1924, until his death on January 28, 1926

Captain Sempill showing a Sparrowhawk fighter to Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō, 1921

IJA Taiwanese soldier in Philippines during World War II

Emperor Shōwa during an Army inspection on January 8, 1938

, the world's first purpose built aircraft carrier, completed in 1922

Tokyo Kaikan was requisitioned as the meeting place for members of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association (Taisei Yokusankai) in the early days.

IJN super-dreadnought battleships Yamashiro, Fusō, and battlecruiser Haruna, Tokyo Bay, 1930s

Type 91 Aerial Torpedo on IJN aircraft carrier Akagi flight deck.

Rebel troops assembling at police headquarters during the February 26 Incident

IJN Yamato-class Battleships Yamato and Musashi moored in Truk Lagoon, in 1943

A bank run during the Shōwa financial crisis, March 1927

IJN Ha-101 class submarines Ha-105, Ha-106 and Ha-109 designed as transport submarines to resupply isolated island garrisons, 1945.

Aft view of the flight deck of the IJN aircraft carrier from the island, 19 October 1945

Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939

IJN Aircraft carrier Ibuki under dismantling operation at Sasebo Naval Arsenal. October 1946

Japanese troops entering Shenyang, Northeast China during the Mukden Incident, 1931

Replica of the Japanese-built 1613 galleon San Juan Bautista, in Ishinomaki

The Japanese occupation of Peiping (Beijing) in China, on August 13, 1937. Japanese troops are shown passing from Peiping into the Tartar City through Zhengyangmen, the main gate leading onward to the palaces in the Forbidden City.

A Chinese illustration of a Red seal ship.

IJN Special Naval Landing Forces armed with the Type 11 Light Machine Gun during the Battle of Shanghai, 1937

The sailing frigate Shōhei Maru (1854) was built from Dutch technical drawings.

Signing ceremony for the Axis Powers Tripartite Pact

The screw-driven steam corvette {{Ship|Japanese warship|Kanrin Maru||2}}, Japan's first screw-driven steam warship, 1857

Founding ceremony of the Hakkō ichiu (All the world under one roof) monument in 1940

The gunboat Chiyoda, was Japan's first domestically built steam warship. It was completed in May 1866.<ref>Jentschura p. 113</ref>

A map of the Japanese advance from 1937 to 1942

The French-built ironclad warship Kōtetsu (ex-CSS Stonewall), Japan's first modern ironclad, 1869

Victorious Japanese troops march through the city center of Singapore following the city's capture in February 1942 (Photo from the Imperial War Museum)

The warship of Yamada Nagamasa (1590–1630), a merchant and soldier who traveled to Ayutthaya (Thailand)

Imperial Japanese Army paratroopers are landing during the Battle of Palembang, February 13, 1942.

A model representing the attack by dive bombers from USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Enterprise (CV-6) on the Japanese aircraft carriers, and in the morning of June 4, 1942, during the Battle of Midway

Group of Type 2 Ka-Mi tanks on board of 2nd class transporter of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1944–1945

The rebuilt battlecruiser sank at her moorings in the naval base of Kure on July 24 during a series of bombings.

The Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula in 1945 (National Geographic)

A drawing depicting a speech in the Imperial Japanese Diet on November 1, 1945, the end of the Second World War. In the foreground there are several Allied soldiers watching the proceedings from the back of the balcony.

From left to right: Marshal Admiral Heihachirō Tōgō (1848–1934), Field Marshal Oku Yasukata (1847–1930), Marshal Admiral Yoshika Inoue (1845–1929), Field Marshal Kageaki Kawamura (1850–1926), at the unveiling ceremony of bronze statue of Field Marshal Iwao Ōyama

Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1920).

Population density map of the Empire of Japan (1940).

The Imperial Japanese Army (大日本帝国陸軍) was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.

- Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II.

- Imperial Japanese Navy

It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the Imperial Japanese Navy.

- Imperial Japanese Army

The Chōshū Domain was the most prominent anti-Tokugawa domain and formed the Satchō Alliance with the rival Satsuma Domain during the Meiji Restoration, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the Empire of Japan and the Meiji oligarchy.

- Chōshū Domain

The domains of Satsuma and Chōshū came to dominate the coalition against the shogunate.

- Imperial Japanese Army

In 1947, with American involvement, a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end, and Japan's Imperial Army was replaced with the Japan Self-Defense Forces.

- Empire of Japan

The domains' military forces of 1867 through 1869 also formed the foundation for the Imperial Japanese Army.

- Chōshū Domain

The nomenclature Empire of Japan had existed since the anti-Tokugawa domains, Satsuma and Chōshū, which founded their new government during the Meiji Restoration, with the intention of forming a modern state to resist Western domination.

- Empire of Japan

The domains of Chōshū, Hizen, Tosa and Kaga joined Satsuma in acquiring ships.

- Imperial Japanese Navy

In 1874, the Taiwan expedition was the first foray abroad of the new Imperial Japanese Navy and Army after the Mudan Incident of 1871, however the navy served largely as a transport force.

- Imperial Japanese Navy

Imperial Japanese Navy personnel

- Chōshū Domain

Of the total, 20,300 were Imperial Japanese Army troops of the 5th Infantry Division under Lt. General Yamaguchi Motoomi; the remainder were 540 naval rikusentai (marines) from the Imperial Japanese Navy.

- Empire of Japan

A report on Imperial Japanese Army, Chōshū Domain, Empire of Japan and Imperial Japanese Navy

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