A report on Chemical formula and Chemical substance

Isobutane structural formula
Molecular formula: C4H10
Condensed or semi-structural chemical formula: (CH3)3CH

Steam and liquid water are two different forms of the same chemical (pure) substance: water.

Traditional formula: MC60 The "@" notation: M@C60

Colors of a single chemical (Nile red) in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent environment.

Native sulfur crystals. Sulfur occurs naturally as elemental sulfur, in sulfide and sulfate minerals and in hydrogen sulfide.

Potassium ferricyanide is a compound of potassium, iron, carbon and nitrogen; although it contains cyanide anions, it does not release them and is nontoxic.

Cranberry glass, while appearing homogeneous, is a mixture consisting of glass and gold colloidal particles of about 40nm in diameter, giving it a red color.

Chemicals in graduated cylinders and beaker.

Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae.

- Chemical formula

Chemists frequently refer to chemical compounds using chemical formulae or molecular structure of the compound.

- Chemical substance

5 related topics with Alpha

Chemical compound

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A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, using the standard abbreviations for the chemical elements and numerical subscripts.

A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake.

Chemical reaction

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Antoine Lavoisier developed the theory of combustion as a chemical reaction with oxygen.

As seen from the equation CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O, a coefficient of 2 must be placed before the oxygen gas on the reactants side and before the water on the products side in order for, as per the law of conservation of mass, the quantity of each element does not change during the reaction

An example of organic reaction: oxidation of ketones to esters with a peroxycarboxylic acid

Isomerization of azobenzene, induced by light (hν) or heat (Δ)

Representation of four basic chemical reactions types: synthesis, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement.

Sodium chloride is formed through the redox reaction of sodium metal and chlorine gas

Ferrocene – an iron atom sandwiched between two C5H5 ligands

In this Paterno–Büchi reaction, a photoexcited carbonyl group is added to an unexcited olefin, yielding an oxetane.

Schematic potential energy diagram showing the effect of a catalyst in an endothermic chemical reaction. The presence of a catalyst opens a different reaction pathway (in red) with a lower activation energy. The final result and the overall thermodynamics are the same.

Solid heterogeneous catalysts are plated on meshes in ceramic catalytic converters in order to maximize their surface area. This exhaust converter is from a Peugeot 106 S2 1100

Mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution

Electrophilic addition of hydrogen bromide

Acid-catalyzed addition-elimination mechanism

The Cope rearrangement of 3-methyl-1,5-hexadiene

Illustration of the induced fit model of enzyme activity

Thermite reaction proceeding in railway welding. Shortly after this, the liquid iron flows into the mould around the rail gap.

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

They consist of chemical or structural formulas of the reactants on the left and those of the products on the right.

Molecule

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Group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.

A scanning tunneling microscopy image of pentacene molecules, which consist of linear chains of five carbon rings.

AFM image of 1,5,9-trioxo-13-azatriangulene and its chemical structure.

A covalent bond forming H2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons

Sodium and fluorine undergoing a redox reaction to form sodium fluoride. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a stable electron configuration, and this electron enters the fluorine atom exothermically.

3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane

Structure and STM image of a "cyanostar" dendrimer molecule.

Hydrogen can be removed from individual H2TPP molecules by applying excess voltage to the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM, a); this removal alters the current-voltage (I-V) curves of TPP molecules, measured using the same STM tip, from diode like (red curve in b) to resistor like (green curve). Image (c) shows a row of TPP, H2TPP and TPP molecules. While scanning image (d), excess voltage was applied to H2TPP at the black dot, which instantly removed hydrogen, as shown in the bottom part of (d) and in the rescan image (e). Such manipulations can be used in single-molecule electronics.

Earlier definitions were less precise, defining molecules as the smallest particles of pure chemical substances that still retain their composition and chemical properties.

The chemical formula for a molecule uses one line of chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.

Glucose

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Glucose can exist in both a straight-chain and ring form.

Widely proposed arrow-pushing mechanism for acid-catalyzed dynamic equilibrium between the α- and β- anomers of D-glucopyranose

Glucose metabolism and various forms of it in the process.Glucose-containing compounds and isomeric forms are digested and taken up by the body in the intestines, including starch, glycogen, disaccharides and monosaccharides.Glucose is stored in mainly the liver and muscles as glycogen. It is distributed and used in tissues as free glucose.

Diagram showing the possible intermediates in glucose degradation; Metabolic pathways orange: glycolysis, green: Entner-Doudoroff pathway, phosphorylating, yellow: Entner-Doudoroff pathway, non-phosphorylating

Relative sweetness of various sugars in comparison with sucrose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

Since glucose is a basic necessity of many organisms, a correct understanding of its chemical makeup and structure contributed greatly to a general advancement in organic chemistry.

International Chemical Identifier

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The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI or ) is a textual identifier for chemical substances, designed to provide a standard way to encode molecular information and to facilitate the search for such information in databases and on the web.

2) * Chemical formula (no prefix). This is the only sublayer that must occur in every InChI. Numbers used throughout the InChI are given in the formula's element order excluding hydrogen atoms. For example, “/C10H16N5O13P3” implies that atoms numbered 1–10 are carbons, 11–15 are nitrogens, 16–28 are oxygens, and 29–31 are phosphorus.