Chhatri and Related Topics

Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (built 1320 to 1324) in Multan, Pakistan

Indo-Islamic architecture

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Architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes.

The Buland Darwaza gateway to Fatehpur Sikri, built by Akbar in 1601

The Qutb Minar (left, begun c. 1200) next to the Alai Darwaza gatehouse (1311); Qutb Complex in Delhi

Mausoleum of Iltutmish, Delhi, by 1236, with corbel arches

Tomb of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (d. 1325), Delhi

Arches in the main mosque at Gulbarga, 1367

Interior of the hypostyle hall of the Adina Mosque

Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, the first fully developed Mughal imperial tomb, 1569-70

King's Gate at Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra

The Taj Mahal in Agra, India, widely considered the pinnacle of Islamic architecture in the subcontinent.

The Rumi Darwaza in Lucknow, 1784, from the rear, during flooding.

Screen of the Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra mosque, Ajmer, c. 1229; Corbel arches, some cusped.

Possibly the first "true" arches in India; Tomb of Balban (d. 1287) in Delhi

Pavilions in the Hauz Khas Complex, Delhi

Tomb of Sikander Lodi in the Lodi Gardens, Delhi

Mahmud Gawan Madrasa (begun construction in the 1460s).

Jama Mosque Gulbarga (b. 1367), pictured in 1880.

"Double" tomb of Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (d. 1422), in Gulbarga

A row of Bahminid tombs at Ashtur, Bidar

Gol Gumbaz built by the Bijapur Sultanate in Deccani style, the world's 2nd largest pre-modern dome following the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.

Charminar at the Old City in Hyderabad, 1591

Shat Gombuj (Sixty Dome) Mosque in Bagerhat, Bangladesh

Ruined mihrabs and arabesque inside Darasbari Mosque, 15th-century

Terracotta arabesque on the wall of Khania Dighi Mosque, Gauda, 15th-century

Multi-domed Pathrail Mosque, 15th-century

Single-domed Eklakhi Mausoleum, early 15th-century

Corner tower with arabesque on Choto Sona Mosque, late 15th and early 16th centuries

Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad (the upper parts of the minarets at the entrance now lost).

Teen Darwaza (Three-Gate) entrance to Ahmedabad

alt=Sidi Bashir Mosque|Sidi Bashir Mosque, Ahmedabad

Tomb of Zain-ul-Abedin's mother in Srinagar, Kashmir.

Chaqchan Mosque in Khaplu, Gilgit-Baltistan

The use of elephant-shaped column brackets in buildings of the Lahore Fort reflects Hindu influences on Mughal Architecture during the reign of Akbar.

The Darwaza-i-Rauza (Great Gate) of the Taj Mahal.

Jama Masjid, Delhi, one of the largest mosques in India.

Lahori Gate of the Red Fort, Delhi, India.

Tomb of Nithar Begum at Khusro Bagh, Allahabad, India.

Akbar's Tomb at Agra, India uses red sandstone and white marble, like many of the Mughal monuments. The Taj Mahal is a notable exception, as it uses only marble.

Bibi Ka Maqbara is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, which was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother.

Badshahi mosque in Lahore, Pakistan, late Mughal, built 1673–1674.

One of the Tombs of Ustad-Shagird, Nakodar, India.

Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat presages many of the architectural elements later found in Mughal architecture, including ornate mihrabs and minarets, jali (perforated screens carved in stone), and chattris (pavilions topped with cupolas).

Mughal architecture

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Type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent.

Badshahi Mosque, in Lahore, Pakistan was the largest mosque in the world for 313 years, and is the last of the imperial mosques built by the Mughals

The Alamgiri Gate at Lahore Fort, Lahore, Pakistan, was named for Aurangzeb, who was sometimes referred to as "Alamgir".

Bibi Ka Maqbara is a tomb in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, which was built by Aurangzeb in the memory of his wife, Dilras Banu Begum

The use of elephant-shaped column brackets at Lahore Fort reflects Hindu influences on Mughal Architecture during the reign of Akbar

Buland Darwaza, Agra was built by Akbar the Great to commemorate his victory.

The tomb of Shaikh Salim Chisti is considered to be one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture

Begum Shahi Mosque is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal period mosque

The tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Tāj Mahal.

The Tomb of Jahangir at Lahore does not have a dome as Jahangir forbade construction of a dome over his tomb.

Wazir Khan Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan, is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque

The Shalimar Gardens, Lahore are among the most famous Mughal gardens.

The mosque's tile work exhibits Timurid influences introduced during Shah Jahan's campaigns in Central Asia.

The central chamber of the Shahi Hammam is decorated with frescoes

Badshahi Masjid, Lahore, Pakistan was the largest mosque in the world for 313 years, and is now the second-largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent.

Lalbagh Fort in Dhaka is an incomplete fort built by Prince Azam Shah

The 18th-century Sunehri Mosque is named for its gilded domes.

Jali decorative work at the Tomb of Salim Chishti, Fatehpur Sikri.

Jahangir's grave at the Tomb of Jahangir, decorated with parchin kari work.

The shahada in Arabic calligraphy at the Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan.

Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of private audience) at Lahore Fort.

Shah Jahan Mosque in Thatta, Pakistan. The mosque is not built in the Mughal style, but reflects a heavy Persian influence.

Use of decorative chhatris.

Taj Mahal

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Islamic ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra.

The western building, a mosque, faces the tomb.

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, one of the first European writers about the Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal in cloudy weather and its minaret under restoration

A panoramic view looking 360 degrees around the Taj Mahal in 2005

The shape of the dome is emphasised by four smaller domed chattris (kiosks) placed at its corners, which replicate the onion shape of the main dome.

Architecture of India

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Rooted in its history, culture and religion.

Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh is a Vishnu Hindu temple built during the early 6th century, near the end of the Gupta period.

The rock-cut Shore Temple of the temples in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, 700–728. Showing the typical dravida form of tower.

The ninth century temple in Barakar shows a tall curving shikhara crowned by a large amalaka and is an example of the early Pala style. It is similar to contemporaneous temples of Odisha.

Drawing of a pancharatha (5 ratha) plan of subsidiary shrines of Brahmeswara Temple

Jain Temple complex, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, before 862

Temple ceiling of Ranakpur Jain Temple, Rajasthan

The Charminar, built in the 16th century by the Golconda Sultanate

Gurdwara Baba Atal is a 17th-century nine-storeyed Gurudwara in Amritsar

Thakur Dalan of Itachuna Rajbari at Khanyan

Bimbisara visiting a bamboo garden in Rajagriha

Pointed arch, Mahabodhi temple, 6th–7th century CE, Late-Gupta period

Nav Toran Temple, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh

Wat Chaiwatthanaram, an example of Thai style prang

Masjid Ubudiah, showcasing elements of Indo-Saracenic style

Ananda Temple terracotta plaque glazed in green

A tetrastyle prostyle Gupta period temple at Sanchi besides the Apsidal hall with Maurya foundation, an example of Buddhist architecture. 5th century CE.

The Hindu Tigawa Temple, early 5th century.

The current structure of the Mahabodhi Temple dates to the Gupta era, 5th century CE. Marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.

The Buddhagupta pillar at Eran (c.476–495 CE)

Detailed carving of elephant, Ranakpur Jain Temple

Safdarjung's Tomb is built in the late Mughal style for Nawab Safdarjung. The tomb is described as the “last flicker in the lamp of Mughal architecture”

Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is a Mughal mausoleum in Agra.It is noticeable for the first use of pietra dura technique. The tomb is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal.

Shalimar Bagh is a Mughal garden in Srinagar, linked through a channel to the northeast of Dal Lake. The Bagh is considered the high point of Mughal horticulture.

Akbar's Tomb, Agra. Built with red sandstone by his son and grandson in 1605 to 1618.

Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, the first fully developed Mughal imperial tomb, 1569–70 CE<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/|title=Humayun's Tomb, Delhi|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192141/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/|archive-date=2019-02-28|url-status=live|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref>

Prayer hall at the Golden Temple in Bylakuppe, a Tibetan settlement in Karnataka

The Chandannagar Strand Ghat, reminiscences of a French colony, Chandannagar, West Bengal

Fort Dansborg, built by the 17th century Danish admiral Ove Gjedde, reminiscences of Danish India, Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu

Tomb of Susanna Anna Maria, reminisces of Dutch India, Chinsurah, West Bengal

Church Of St Francis Of Assisi, reminisce of Portuguese India, Goa

French Quarter, Pondicherry. The city became the chief French settlement in India.

View of the Mughal Garden of Rashtrapati Bhavan

The Athpula (eight piers) bridge in Lodi gardens

Pataini temple is a Jain temple built during the Gupta period, 5th century CE<ref>{{cite book | last=Cunningham | first=Alexander | author-link=Alexander Cunningham | title=Report of a Tour in the Central Provinces in 1873-74 and 1874-75 | volume=9 | series=Archaeological Survey of India | publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing | year=1879 | url={{Google books|X88OAAAAQAAJ|page=31|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | page=31}}</ref>

Relief of Jain tirthankara Parshvanatha on the Kahaum pillar erected by Skandagupta in 461 CE

Indo-Islamic architecture style of Gujarat presages many of the architectural elements later found in Mughal architecture, including ornate mihrabs and minarets, jali (perforated screens carved in stone), and chattris (pavilions topped with cupolas).

Panoramic view of mosque in the daylight

Humayun's Tomb

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Tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun in Delhi, India.

Capture of the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar and his sons by William Hodson at Humayun's tomb in September 1857

Floor plan of tomb structure of Humayun's Tomb

Nila Gumbad ca 1625–6, built by courtier Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, for his servant Fahim Khan

Restoration work at Humayun's tomb, required removal of 3000 truckloads (12,000 cubic meters) of earth, and special chute installed at the back, from the roof (2008)

View of the Southwestern Corner of Humayun's Tomb

Six-pointed Stars on One of Humayun's Tomb's Pishtaqs

Cenotaphs of Hamida Banu Begum, Dara Shikoh etc. in a side room

A jali mihrab indicates the qibla direction while one stands inside Humayun's cenotaph's chamber and looks to the west.

Humayun's Tomb Seen from Inside the West Gate

The Western Facade of the West Gate at Humayun's Tomb

Isa Khan's mosque, across his tomb, also built ca 1547 CE, near Humayun's tomb

Gateway into Araba Sarai, south to the pathway towards Humayun's tomb

Afsarwala tomb located near Humayun Tomb

Tomb of Humayun, with his barber's tomb (Nai-ka-Gumbad) in the foreground, Delhi (1858 photograph)

English garden-style roundabouts replaced the square central tanks of the Charbagh garden in 1860

While the prevailing style of architecture was trabeate, employing pillars, beams and lintels, this brought in the arcuate style of construction, with its arches and beams, which flourished under Mughal patronage and by incorporating elements of Indian architecture, especially Rajasthani architecture including decorative corbel brackets, balconies, pendentive decorations and indeed kiosks or chhatris, to develop a distinct Mughal architecture style, which was to become a lasting legacy of the Mughal rule.

Bada Bagh

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Bada Bagh, also called Barabagh (lit.

Overlooking a mango grove sits a set of royal chhatri cenotaphs constructed by the Maharajas of the Jaisalmer State in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries CE.