A report on Chinese Communist Party and Chiang Kai-shek

Chiang in 1943
Site of the first CCP Congress, in the former Shanghai French Concession
Chiang Kai-shek in 1907
Flag of the HistoryChinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
Sun Yat-sen and Chiang at the 1924 opening ceremonies for the Soviet-funded Whampoa Military Academy
Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.
Chiang in the early 1920s
Chinese communists celebrate Joseph Stalin's birthday, 1949.
Chiang (right) together with Wang Jingwei (left), 1926
A temporary monument displayed in Changsha, Hunan Province, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the CCP's founding
Chiang and Feng Yuxiang in 1928
A monument dedicated to Karl Marx (left) and Friedrich Engels (right) in Shanghai
Chiang during a visit to an air force base in 1945
A billboard advertising Xi Jinping Thought in Shenzhen, Guangdong
Chiang and Soong on the cover of Time magazine, 26 October 1931
The 18th National Congress, convened in November 2012
Nationalist government of Nanking – nominally ruling over entire China in 1930s
Front cover of the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party
After the breakout of the Second Sino-Japanese War, The Young Companion featured Chiang on its cover.
Xi Jinping (second from left) with Enrique Peña Nieto (second from right), the former President of Mexico and a leading member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party
Chiang with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in Cairo, Egypt, November 1943
Badge given to party members
Chiang and his wife Soong Mei-ling sharing a laugh with U.S. Lieutenant General Joseph W. Stilwell, Burma, April 1942
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in 1945
Chiang with South Korean President Syngman Rhee in 1949
Map of the Chinese Civil War (1946–1950)
Chiang with Japanese politician Nobusuke Kishi, in 1957
Chiang presiding over the 1966 Double Ten celebrations
Chiang with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in June 1960
The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark, and tourist attraction in Taipei, Taiwan.
Chiang's portrait in Tiananmen Rostrum
Chinese propaganda poster proclaiming "Long Live the President"
A Chinese stamp with Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek and Winston Churchill heads, with Nationalist China flag and Union Jack
Statue of Chiang Kai-shek in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan
Duke of Zhou
Chiang Kai-shek with the Muslim General Ma Fushou
Chiang Kai-shek as Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 1882–1939), who died in the Second Sino-Japanese War during a bombardment, is the mother of his son and successor Chiang Ching-kuo
Yao Yecheng (姚冶誠, 1889–1972), who came to Taiwan and died in Taipei
Chen Jieru (陳潔如, "Jennie", 1906–1971), who lived in Shanghai, but moved to Hong Kong later and died there
Soong Mei-ling (宋美齡, 1898–2003), who moved to the United States after Chiang Kai-shek's death, is arguably his most famous wife even though they had no children together

With help from the Soviets and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy.

- Chiang Kai-shek

However, when the right-wing of the KMT, led by Chiang Kai-shek, turned on the CCP and massacred tens of thousands of the party's members, the two parties split and began a prolonged civil war.

- Chinese Communist Party

18 related topics with Alpha

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Beiyang government

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The Beiyang government, officially the Republic of China , sometimes spelled Peiyang Government and also known as the First Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China which sat in its capital Peking (Beijing) between 1912 and 1928.

The Beiyang government, officially the Republic of China , sometimes spelled Peiyang Government and also known as the First Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China which sat in its capital Peking (Beijing) between 1912 and 1928.

Republic of China between 1912 and 1928.
The first Congress of the Republic of China in 1915
Republic of China between 1912 and 1928.
Yuan Shikai's inauguration as the provisional president.
The Yuan Shikai "dollar" (yuan in Chinese), issued for the first time in 1914, became a dominant coin type of the Republic of China.
Duan Qirui, Chief Executive of the Republic of China
Protests during the May Fourth Movement
President Cao Kun.
The Beijing bell and drum towers ceased being official timepieces after the coup.
The flag of the Kuomintang and the new national flag crested on a building in Harbin, Manchuria.
From 1911 to 1916.
From 1916 to 1920.
From 1921 to 1922.
From 1923 to 1924.
From 1925 to 1926.
From 1927 to 1928.

His successor Chiang Kai-shek defeated the Beiyang warlords during the Northern Expedition between 1926 and 1928, and overthrew the factions and the government, effectively unifying the country in 1928.

Following a series of internal struggles within the KMT, Chiang Kai-shek purged the Communists from his National Revolutionary Army in April 1927, and the expedition was halted.

Five retreats of the ROC Government in 1949

Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan

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The retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, also known as the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan or the Great Retreat in Taiwan, refers to the exodus of the remnants of the internationally recognized Kuomintang-ruled government of the Republic of China (ROC) to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) on 7 December 1949 after losing the Chinese Civil War in the mainland.

The retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, also known as the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan or the Great Retreat in Taiwan, refers to the exodus of the remnants of the internationally recognized Kuomintang-ruled government of the Republic of China (ROC) to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) on 7 December 1949 after losing the Chinese Civil War in the mainland.

Five retreats of the ROC Government in 1949
Flag of the Republic of China
Meat-Shaped Stone
Jadeite Cabbage
The Mao Gong Ding
Chiang Kai-shek, The Man who Lost China (1952)
Party flag and emblem of the Kuomintang; based on the Blue Sky with a White Sun, which also appears in the Flag of the Republic of China.
In August 1950, the KMT held its first Central reform Committee meeting to launch the party's reforms. (1950)

The Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), its officers, and approximately 2 million ROC troops took part in the retreat, in addition to many civilians and refugees, fleeing the advance of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

After the retreat, the leadership of the ROC, particularly Generalissimo and President Chiang Kai-shek, planned to make the retreat only temporary, hoping to regroup, fortify, and reconquer the mainland.

Around 3,000 students from 13 universities in Beijing gathered in Tiananmen Square

May Fourth Movement

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Chinese anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919.

Chinese anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919.

Around 3,000 students from 13 universities in Beijing gathered in Tiananmen Square
Student demonstration, including female students.
Tsinghua University students burn Japanese goods.
Students of Beijing Normal University after being detained by government during the May Fourth Movement.
A monument to the May Fourth Movement in Dongcheng District, Beijing.
October Revolution of Russia

Many political and social leaders of the next five decades emerged at this time, including those of the Chinese Communist Party.

Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, as a nationalist and Confucianist, was against the iconoclasm of the May Fourth Movement.

1920s portrait of Borodin

Mikhail Borodin

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Bolshevik revolutionary and Communist International (Comintern) agent.

Bolshevik revolutionary and Communist International (Comintern) agent.

1920s portrait of Borodin
Borodin in Nanchang, 1926
Borodin making a speech in Wuhan, 1927

He negotiated the First United Front between Sun's KMT and the nascent Chinese Communist Party (CCP), convincing that party, which consisted of only about 300 members at that time, that the alliance was in its long-term interest, as it would facilitate the organisation of both urban and rural workers.

Under Borodin's tutelage, both parties were reorganised on the Leninist principle of democratic centralism, and training institutes for mass organisation were established, such as the Peasant Training Institute, where the young Mao Zedong served, and the Whampoa Military Academy, which trained officers for the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.

Communist International

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Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism.

Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism.

The Communist International published a namesake theoretical magazine in a variety of European languages from 1919 to 1943.
The Bolshevik by Boris Kustodiev, 1920
Second Congress of the Communist International
Painting by Boris Kustodiev representing the festival of the Comintern II Congress on the Uritsky Square (former Palace square) in Petrograd
The Comintern membership card of Karl Kilbom
Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai's Delegates' Card at the 1935 Comintern's 7th Congress as she was a delegate representing the Indochinese Communist Party

At first, in China both the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang were supported.

After the definite break with Chiang Kai-shek in 1927, Joseph Stalin sent personal emissaries to help organize revolts which at this time failed.

The concept first appearing in the newspaper Min Bao in 1905 appearing as "Three Major Principles" (三大主義) instead of "Three Principles of the People" (三民主義).

Three Principles of the People

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Political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China made during the Republican Era.

Political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China made during the Republican Era.

The concept first appearing in the newspaper Min Bao in 1905 appearing as "Three Major Principles" (三大主義) instead of "Three Principles of the People" (三民主義).
"Portrait of Sun Yat-sen" (1921) Li Tiefu Oil on Canvas 93×71.7cm
A sign on Dadan Island near Quemoy (Kinmen) facing Mainland China proclaiming "Three Principles of the People Unites China" set by General Zhao in Aug. 1986, dismissed after 1987 Lieyu Massacre

Chiang Kai-shek further elaborated the Mínshēng principle of both the importance of social well-being and recreational activities for a modernized China in 1953 in Taiwan.

The Three Principles of the People were claimed as the basis for the ideologies of the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek, the Reorganized National Government of China under Wang Jingwei, and an inspiration of the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong as the stage of ‘old democracy’.

Three Arrows through red flag of Marx-Engles-Lenin

Anti-communism

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Political and ideological opposition to communism.

Political and ideological opposition to communism.

Three Arrows through red flag of Marx-Engles-Lenin
White propaganda poster "For united Russia" representing the Bolsheviks as a fallen communist dragon and the White Cause as a crusading knight
The Freikorps were anti-communist right-wing paramilitaries (which were essential in fighting against and dismantling the Communist Revolution in Germany between 1918 and 1919) who are widely seen as a precursor to Nazism and responsible for the assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, the leaders of the Communist Revolution.
Mussolini and the Fascist paramilitary Blackshirts' March on Rome in October 1922
Members of the Lapua Movement assaults a former Red officer and the publisher of the communist newspaper at the Vaasa riot on June 4, 1930, in Vaasa, Finland.
Anti-communist propaganda in West Germany in 1953: "All ways of Marxism lead to Moscow! Therefore CDU"
Herta Müller in 2009
Russian èmigré anti-Bolshevik poster, c. 1932
Nazi anti-Bolshevik poster in German-occupied Estonia
Prior to the June 1990 elections, demonstrators on Wenceslas Square in April gather under a poster where the red star and initials of the KSČ has a swastika painted on top of it while the coat of arms depicted is from before the formation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Lauri Törni (1919–1965), Finnish-born green beret, captain, who fought against communism in the ranks of three different armies (Finnish Defence Forces, Waffen-SS and United States Army)
German anti-communist propaganda poster
Symbol of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956: Hungarian flag with the 1949–1956 communist emblem cut out
The flag of Europe was a symbol for Moldovan anti-communists in 2009
"Bolshevik freedom", Polish anti-communist propaganda poster with nude caricature of Leon Trotsky
Polish anti-communist university students
During the Spanish Civil War, Pope Pius XI wrote, "bolshevistic and atheistic Communism, which aims at upsetting the social order and at undermining the very foundations of Christian civilization", had destroyed "as far as possible every church and every monastery".
Spanish prisoners in the Mauthausen Concentration Camp upon being liberated by the United States Army.
Signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression between Nazi Germany and Turkey, 18 June 1941
Chinese Kuomintang troops rounding up communist prisoners for execution in Shanghai
A Hong Kong demonstration in 2009
Bodo League massacre of communists and suspected sympathizers, South Korea, 1950
Augusto Pinochet, an anti-communist Chilean general who overthrew the Marxist government of President Salvador Allende in September 1973
Joseph N. Welch (left) being questioned by Senator Joe McCarthy (right) on 9 June 1954
Cover to the 1947 propaganda comic book Is This Tomorrow
John F. Kennedy's 1963 "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech in West Berlin
Anti-communists Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, respectively president of the United States and prime minister of the United Kingdom

Falun Gong practitioners are against the Chinese Communist Party's persecution of Falun Gong.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Kuomintang, also known as the Chinese Nationalist Party, led by Chiang Kai-shek, was ruling China and strongly opposed the Chinese Communist Party.

Huang Jinrong

Green Gang

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Chinese secret society and criminal organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century.

Chinese secret society and criminal organization, which was prominent in criminal, social and political activity in Shanghai during the early to mid 20th century.

Huang Jinrong
Du Yuesheng

The Green Gang was often hired by Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang to break up union meetings and labor strikes and was also involved in the Chinese Civil War.

Carrying the name of the Society for Common Progress, it was — along with other criminal gangs — responsible for the White Terror massacre of approximately 5,000 pro-Communist strikers in Shanghai in April 1927, which was ordered by Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek.