What do Chiang Kai-shek and Constitution of the Republic...

Kuomintang

9 links

Major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

The Revolutionary Army attacking Nanjing in 1911

The KMT reveres its founder, Sun Yat-sen, as the "Father of the Nation"

Venue of the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang in 1924

Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang after Sun's death in 1925

KMT flag displayed in Lhasa, Tibet in 1938

The National Revolutionary Army soldiers marched into the British concessions in Hankou during the Northern Expedition

Nationalist soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War

The retrocession of Taiwan in Taipei on 25 October 1945

The former KMT headquarters in Taipei City (1949–2006), whose imposing structure, directly facing the Presidential Office Building, was seen as a symbol of the party's wealth and dominance

Pan-blue supporters at a rally during the 2004 presidential election

Kuomintang public service center in Shilin, Taipei

Lien Chan (middle) and Wu Po-hsiung (second left) and the KMT touring the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, People's Republic of China when the Pan-Blue coalition visited the mainland in 2005

KMT headquarters in Taipei City before the KMT Central Committee moved in June 2006 to a much more modest Bade building, having sold the original headquarters to private investors of the EVA Airways Corporation

KMT Kinmen headquarters office in Jincheng Township, Kinmen County

KMT Building in Vancouver's Chinatown, British Columbia, Canada

KMT branch office in Pingzhen District, Taoyuan City

The KMT maintains offices in some of the Chinatowns of the world and its United States party headquarters are located in San Francisco Chinatown, on Stockton Street directly across the Chinese Six Companies

KMT Eastern U.S. headquarters is in New York Chinatown

KMT office of Australasia in Sydney, Australia

From left to right, KMT members pay tribute to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in 1928 after the success of the Northern Expedition: Generals Cheng Jin, Zhang Zuobao, Chen Diaoyuan, Chiang Kai-shek, Woo Tsin-hang, Yan Xishan, General Ma Fuxiang, Ma Sida and General Bai Chongxi

From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under Chiang Kai-shek successfully led the Northern Expedition against regional warlords and unified the fragmented nation.

Originally placing high priority on reclaiming the Chinese mainland through Project National Glory, the KMT now favors a closer relation with the PRC and seeks to maintain Taiwan's status quo under the Constitution of the Republic of China.

Republic of China (1912–1949)

5 links

Commonly recognised as the official designation of China from 1912 to 1949, when it was a country in East Asia based in Mainland China, prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War.

Land controlled by the Republic of China (1946) shown in dark green; land claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.

Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China.

Yuan Shikai (left) and Sun Yat-sen (right) with flags representing the early republic

Major Chinese warlord coalitions during the "Nanjing Decade".

China had been at war with Japan since 1931.

Chinese Nationalist Army soldiers during the 1938 Yellow River flood

The Nationalists' retreat to Taipei: after the Nationalists lost Nanjing (Nanking) they next moved to Guangzhou (Canton), then to Chongqing (Chungking), Chengdu (Chengtu) and Xichang (Sichang) before arriving in Taipei.

Nationalist government of Nanking – nominally ruling over entire China during 1930s

Boat traffic and development along Suzhou Creek, Shanghai, 1920

General Chiang Kai-shek, who became the Chairman of the Kuomintang after Sun's death and subsequent power struggle in 1925, began the Northern Expedition in 1926 to overthrow the Beiyang government.

Shortly after, the Chinese Civil War between the KMT and CCP resumed with full-scale fighting, leading to the 1946 Constitution of the Republic of China replacing the 1928 Organic Law as the Republic's fundamental law.

Taiwan

6 links

Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years.

Fort Zeelandia, the Governor's residence in Dutch Formosa

Japanese colonial soldiers march Taiwanese captured after the Tapani Incident in 1915 from the Tainan jail to court.

General Chen Yi (right) accepting the receipt of General Order No. 1 from Rikichi Andō (left), the last Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan, in Taipei City Hall

Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang from 1925 until his death in 1975

With Chiang Kai-shek, US president Dwight D. Eisenhower waved to crowds during his visit to Taipei in June 1960.

In 1988, Lee Teng-hui became the first president of the Republic of China born in Taiwan and was the first to be directly elected in 1996.

Student protest in Taipei against a controversial trade agreement with China in March 2014

A satellite image of Taiwan, showing it is mostly mountainous in the east, with gently sloping plains in the west. The Penghu Islands are west of the main island.

The flag used by Taiwan at the Olympic Games, where it competes as "Chinese Taipei" (中華台北)

Taiwan's popularly elected president resides in the Presidential Office Building, Taipei, originally built in the Japanese era for colonial governors

Tsai Ing-wen, President of the Republic of China

Su Tseng-chang, Premier of the Republic of China

Taiwanese-born Tangwai ("independent") politician Wu San-lien (second left) celebrates with supporters his landslide victory of 65.5 per cent in Taipei's first mayoral election in January 1951.

Results from an identity survey conducted each year from 1992 to 2020 by the Election Study Center, National Chengchi University. Responses are Taiwanese (green), Chinese (red) or Both Taiwanese and Chinese (hatched). No response is shown as grey.

Republic of China Army’s Thunderbolt-2000, a multiple rocket launcher

Taipei 101 held the world record for the highest skyscraper from 2004 to 2010.

China Airlines aircraft line-up at Taoyuan International Airport

Population density map of Taiwan (residents per square kilometre)

Original geographic distributions of Taiwanese indigenous peoples

Most commonly used home language in each area, darker in proportion to the lead over the next most common

Apo Hsu and the NTNU Symphony Orchestra onstage in the National Concert Hall

Taiwanese writer, literary critic and politician Wang Tuoh

Yani Tseng with the 2011 Women's British Open trophy

Tai Tzu-ying, the current world No.1 in BWF at the 2018 Chinese Taipei Open

St. John's Catholic Church in Banqiao District, New Taipei

Countries maintaining relations with the ROCdiplomatic relations and embassy in Taipei
unofficial relations (see text)

The Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) is the top-tier professional baseball league in Taiwan

While initially enthusiastic about the return of Chinese administration and the Three Principles of the People, Formosans grew increasingly dissatisfied about being excluded from higher positions, the postponement of local elections even after the enactment of a constitution on the mainland, the smuggling of valuables off the island, the expropriation of businesses into government operated monopolies, and the hyperinflation of 1945–1949.

After the end of World War II, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang), led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by CCP Chairman Mao Zedong.

President of the Republic of China

4 links

Head of state of the Republic of China and the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces.

The Presidential Building in Zhongzheng District, Taipei houses the office of the ROC President currently.

The Presidential Southern Office in Fengshan District, Kaohsiung opened on 10 March 2017.

The Presidential Central Office in Fengyuan District, Taichung opened on 18 March 2017.

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and Army General Li Tsung-jen were elected by the National Assembly to be the first-term president and vice president on 20 May 1948.

At the funeral of Pope John Paul II, President Chen Shui-bian (far left), whom the Holy See recognized as the head of state of China, was seated in the front row (in French alphabetical order) beside the first lady and president of Brazil.

Air Force 3701, the presidential aircraft of the Republic of China.

Official results of the election announcing Sun's election on November 10, 1911.

The West Garden Hall in Presidential Palace, Nanjing was the office of the Provisional President in 1912.

After Yuan Shikai's Peiyang Government took control of the ROC, the house in Peking was the office of the president.

Presidential Palace in Xuanwu District, Nanjing housed the office of the Chairman of the National Government of the ROC in 1927–1937.

The Presidential Building in Presidential Palace, Nanjing was the office of the President of ROC after the 1947 Chinese Constitution, until the Government of the ROC fled to Taiwan in 1949.

The Constitution of the Republic of China gives a short list of persons who will succeed to the presidency if the office were to fall vacant.

1) President Chiang Kai-shek declared incapacity on 21 January 1949 amid several Communist victories in the Chinese Civil War and was replaced by Vice President Li Tsung-jen as the acting president. However, Chiang continued to wield authority as the director-general of the Kuomintang and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Li Tsung-jen lost the ensuing power struggle and fled to the United States in November 1949. Chiang evacuated with the government to Taiwan on 10 December 1949 and resumed his duties as the president on 1 March 1950.

Emblem of the Ministry of National Defense

Republic of China Armed Forces

3 links

The Republic of China Armed Forces (ROCAF; ) are the armed forces of the Republic of China (ROC), once based in mainland China and currently in its remaining jurisdictions which include the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other smaller ROC-controlled islands such as Taiping Island in the South China Sea.

Soldiers of the 185th Infantry Division during World War II

ROC Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance and Patrol Unit

ROC Air Force Air Defense Artillery Skyguard system Sparrow missile launcher

Two children taking pictures with ROC Military Policemen at Linkou MP Base

Three ROC Navy Honor Guards chatting at Hsinchu Air Base

ROC Marine Corps Special Service Company Operator with SIG MPX

R.O.C. Army soldiers removing the machine guns from a CM-12 Tank

ROCAF AIDC F-CK Indigenous Defense Fighter

ROC Army Hualien-Taitung Defense Command soldiers with a T75 Light machine gun

Humanitarian aid sent by a C-130 Hercules of the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) to Hualien Airport, Taiwan during the 2018 Hualien earthquake.

T-93 sniper rifle with the Taiwanese team competing in the International Sniper Competition at Fort Benning, Georgia in 2010

ROC Humvees en route to the 2007 National Day Military Parade

ROC soldiers marching to the front lines in 1939

ROC soldiers in house-to-house fighting in Battle of Taierzhuang

August 23 Artillery Battle Museum, Kinmen County

Lee Hsi-ming, former Chief of the General Staff

It was previously named the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) before being renamed as the Republic of China Armed Forces in 1947 due to the implementation of the newly promulgated Constitution of the Republic of China.

In 1929, Chiang Kai-shek established the Aviation Class in the ROC Military Academy.

China

4 links

Country in East Asia.

China (today's Guangdong), Mangi (inland of Xanton), and Cataio (inland of China and Chequan, and including the capital Cambalu, Xandu, and a marble bridge) are all shown as separate regions on this 1570 map by Abraham Ortelius

10,000 years old pottery, Xianren Cave culture (18000–7000 BCE)

Yinxu, the ruins of the capital of the late Shang dynasty (14th century BCE)

China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is famed for having united the Warring States' walls to form the Great Wall of China. Most of the present structure, however, dates to the Ming dynasty.

Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC

The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire

The Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China to defeat the anti-foreign Boxers and their Qing backers. The image shows a celebration ceremony inside the Chinese imperial palace, the Forbidden City after the signing of the Boxer Protocol in 1901.

Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of Republic of China, one of the first republics in Asia.

Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong toasting together in 1945 following the end of World War II

Mao Zedong proclaiming the establishment of the PRC in 1949.

The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests was ended by a military-led massacre which brought condemnations and sanctions against the Chinese government from various foreign countries.

Satellite image of China from NASA WorldWind

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map for mainland China.

A giant panda, China's most famous endangered and endemic species, at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Sichuan

The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.

Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 CE

Huawei headquarters in Shenzhen. Huawei is the world's largest telecoms-equipment-maker and the second-largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, one of the first Chinese spaceports

Internet penetration rates in China in the context of East Asia and Southeast Asia, 1995–2012

The Duge Bridge is the highest bridge in the world.

The Beijing Daxing International Airport features the world's largest single-building airport terminal.

The Port of Shanghai's deep water harbor on Yangshan Island in the Hangzhou Bay is the world's busiest container port since 2010.

A 2009 population density map of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan. The eastern coastal provinces are much more densely populated than the western interior.

A trilingual sign in Sibsongbanna, with Tai Lü language on the top

Map of the ten largest cities in China (2010)

Beijing's Peking University, one of the top-ranked universities in China

Chart showing the rise of China's Human Development Index from 1970 to 2010

Geographic distribution of religions in China.
Chinese folk religion (including Confucianism, Taoism, and groups of Chinese Buddhism)
Buddhism tout court
Islam
Ethnic minorities' indigenous religions
Mongolian folk religion
Northeast China folk religion influenced by Tungus and Manchu shamanism; widespread Shanrendao

Fenghuang County, an ancient town that harbors many architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles.

The stories in Journey to the West are common themes in Peking opera.

Map showing major regional cuisines of China

Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent and was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago.

Long March 2F launching Shenzhou spacecraft. China is one of the only three countries with independent human spaceflight capability.

The Tang dynasty at its greatest extent and Tang's protectorates

Lihaozhai High School in Jianshui, Yunnan. The sign is in Hani (Latin alphabet), Nisu (Yi script), and Chinese.

China topographic map with East Asia countries

In the late 1920s, the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek, the then Principal of the Republic of China Military Academy, was able to reunify the country under its own control with a series of deft military and political maneuverings, known collectively as the Northern Expedition.

Constitutional rule was established in 1947, but because of the ongoing unrest, many provisions of the ROC constitution were never implemented in mainland China.

Li Zongren

2 links

Prominent Guangxi warlord and Kuomintang (KMT) military commander during the Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

Former residence of Li Zongren in Nanjing.

Li Zongren posing after the successful defense of Tai'erzhuang.

Former residence of Li Zongren in Guilin.

Li Zongren and Mao Zedong on 1st of October, 1966 during the national day celebration

He served as vice-president and acting President of the Republic of China under the 1947 Constitution.

When Wang Jingwei installed a left-leaning KMT faction in Wuhan, Borodin attempted to recruit Li to join the Communists, but Li was loyal to Chiang Kai-shek and refused.

Three Principles of the People

3 links

Political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to improve China made during the Republican Era.

"Portrait of Sun Yat-sen" (1921) Li Tiefu Oil on Canvas 93×71.7cm

A sign on Dadan Island near Quemoy (Kinmen) facing Mainland China proclaiming "Three Principles of the People Unites China" set by General Zhao in Aug. 1986, dismissed after 1987 Lieyu Massacre

Chiang Kai-shek further elaborated the Mínshēng principle of both the importance of social well-being and recreational activities for a modernized China in 1953 in Taiwan.

The Three Principles of the People remains explicitly part of the platform of the Kuomintang and in the Constitution of the Republic of China.

Woodcut print by Huang Rong-can, "The Terrible Inspection" describing the February 28 Incident massacre in 1947

Taiwan independence movement

2 links

Political movement which advocates the formal declaration of an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state, as opposed to Chinese unification or the status quo in Cross-Strait relations.

"Terror In Formosa", a news article from The Daily News of Perth, reported the status in March 1947.

Banner displaying the slogan "UN for Taiwan"

Republic of China passport mentioning Taiwan since 2003 in order to distinguish it from the People's Republic of China passport. In 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs launched a redesigned passport that highlights "Taiwan"

An example of a "Taiwan passport", which is typically not accepted in place of the R.O.C. passport

Parade of Taiwan independence supporters

Anti-Taiwan independence protesters in Washington, D.C. during Lee Teng-hui's visit in 2005

It is a point of contention as to whether Taiwan has already achieved de facto independence under the Constitution of the Republic of China amended in 2005.

The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence.

Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion

1 links

The Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion were provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of China effective from 1948 to 1991 and amended four times by the Central Government of China.

The Temporary Provisions from then on were amended in accordance with the needs of the President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, or his son Chiang Ching Kuo.

A report on Chiang Kai-shek and Constitution of the Republic of China

11 related topics with Alpha