A report on Chiang Kai-shek and Shanghai massacre
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party, or KMT).
- Shanghai massacreMidway through the Northern Expedition, the KMT–CCP alliance broke down and Chiang massacred communists inside the party, triggering a civil war with the CCP (Chinese Communist Party), which he eventually lost in 1949.
- Chiang Kai-shek16 related topics with Alpha
Kuomintang
13 linksMajor political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
Major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).
From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under Chiang Kai-shek successfully led the Northern Expedition against regional warlords and unified the fragmented nation.
Chiang's expulsion of the CCP and their Soviet advisers, marked by the Shanghai massacre on 12 April, led to the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.
Northern Expedition
11 linksMilitary campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the "Chinese Nationalist Party", against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.
Military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the "Chinese Nationalist Party", against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.
The expedition was led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and was divided into two phases.
The split was partially motivated by Chiang's purging of communists within the KMT, which marked the end of the First United Front.
Chinese Civil War
9 linksFought between the Kuomintang -led government of the Republic of China (ROC) and forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), lasting intermittently after 1927.
Fought between the Kuomintang -led government of the Republic of China (ROC) and forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), lasting intermittently after 1927.
In 1923, Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek, one of his lieutenants, for several months of military and political study in Moscow.
The CCP referred to this as the 12 April Incident, the White Terror or Shanghai Massacre.
Chinese Communist Party
7 linksFounding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
However, when the right-wing of the KMT, led by Chiang Kai-shek, turned on the CCP and massacred tens of thousands of the party's members, the two parties split and began a prolonged civil war.
Although the communists welcomed Chiang's arrival, he turned on them, massacring 5,000 with the aid of the Green Gang.
Sun Yat-sen
6 linksChinese statesman, physician, and political philosopher, who served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China and the first leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China).
Chinese statesman, physician, and political philosopher, who served as the first provisional president of the Republic of China and the first leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China).
He did not live to see his party unify the country under his successor, Chiang Kai-shek, in the Northern Expedition.
When the Communists and the Kuomintang split in 1927, marking the start of the Chinese Civil War, each group claimed to be his true heirs, a conflict that continued through World War II.
Nationalist government
6 linksThe Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, also known as the Second Republic of China but most commonly known simply as the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the Kuomintang (literally the "Nationals' Party").
The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, also known as the Second Republic of China but most commonly known simply as the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the Kuomintang (literally the "Nationals' Party").
They were nominally reunified in 1928 by the Nanjing-based government led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, which after the Northern Expedition governed the country as a one-party state under the Kuomintang, and was subsequently given international recognition as the legitimate representative of China.
Chiang decided to strike first and purged the Communists, killing thousands of them.
Wang Jingwei
6 linksChinese politician.
Chinese politician.
After Sun's death in 1925 Wang engaged in a political struggle with Chiang Kai-shek for control over the Kuomintang, but lost.
Chiang Kai-shek occupied Shanghai in April 1927, and began a bloody suppression of suspected communists known as the "White Terror".
First United Front
4 linksFormed in 1924 as an alliance to end warlordism in China.
Formed in 1924 as an alliance to end warlordism in China.
In 1927, KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek purged the Communists from the Front while the Northern Expedition was still half-complete.
Wuhan
4 linksCapital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China.
Capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China.
The split was partially motivated by the purge of the Communists within the party, which marked the end of the First United Front, and Chiang Kai-shek briefly stepped down as the commander of the National Revolutionary Army.
Bai Chongxi
4 linksChinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC) and a prominent Chinese Nationalist leader.
Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC) and a prominent Chinese Nationalist leader.
His relationship with Chiang Kai-shek was at various times antagonistic and cooperative.
Bai was the commander of Kuomintang forces in the Shanghai massacre of 1927, where he directed the KMT purge of Communists in the party.