A report on Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen

Chiang in 1943
Sun Yat-sen
Chiang Kai-shek in 1907
Photograph of Sun Yat-sen, c. 1911
Sun Yat-sen and Chiang at the 1924 opening ceremonies for the Soviet-funded Whampoa Military Academy
Silver coin: 1 yuan - Sun Yat Sen, 1927
Chiang in the early 1920s
Sun Yat-sen (back row, fourth from right) and his family
Chiang (right) together with Wang Jingwei (left), 1926
Sun (second from left) and his friends the Four Bandits: Yeung Hok-ling (left), Chan Siu-bak (middle), Yau Lit (right), and Guan Jingliang (關景良, standing) at the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, circa 1888
Chiang and Feng Yuxiang in 1928
Plaque in London marking the site of a house at 4 Warwick Court, WC1 where Sun Yat-sen lived while in exile
Chiang during a visit to an air force base in 1945
Letter from Sun Yat-sen to James Cantlie announcing to him that he has assumed the Presidency of the Provisional Republican Government of China, dated 21 January 1912
Chiang and Soong on the cover of Time magazine, 26 October 1931
A letter with Sun's seal commencing the Tongmenghui in Hong Kong
Nationalist government of Nanking – nominally ruling over entire China in 1930s
Interior of the Wan Qing Yuan featuring Sun's items and photos
After the breakout of the Second Sino-Japanese War, The Young Companion featured Chiang on its cover.
The Sun Yat-sen Museum in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, where he planned the Xinhai Revolution.
Chiang with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in Cairo, Egypt, November 1943
The Revolutionary Army of the Wuchang uprising fighting in the Battle of Yangxia
Chiang and his wife Soong Mei-ling sharing a laugh with U.S. Lieutenant General Joseph W. Stilwell, Burma, April 1942
"Portrait of Sun Yat-sen" (1921) Li Tiefu Oil on Canvas 93×71.7cm
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in 1945
(L-R): Liao Zhongkai, Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching-ling at the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924
Chiang with South Korean President Syngman Rhee in 1949
Sun Yat-sen (seated) and Chiang Kai-shek
Map of the Chinese Civil War (1946–1950)
Sun (seated, right) and his wife Soong Ching-ling (seated next to him) in Kobe, Japan in 1924
Chiang with Japanese politician Nobusuke Kishi, in 1957
Chinese generals at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in 1928 after the Northern Expedition. From right: Cheng Jin (何成浚), Zhang Zuobao (張作寶), Chen Diaoyuan (陳調元), Chiang Kai-shek, Woo Tsin-hang, Yan Xishan, Ma Fuxiang, Ma Sida (馬四達), and Bai Chongxi.
Chiang presiding over the 1966 Double Ten celebrations
Statue in the Mausoleum, Kuomintang flag on the ceiling
Chiang with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in June 1960
Lu Muzhen (1867–1952), Sun's first wife from 1885 to 1915
The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark, and tourist attraction in Taipei, Taiwan.
Kaoru Otsuki, Sun's Japanese wife
Chiang's portrait in Tiananmen Rostrum
Fumiko, the daughter of Sun and Kaoru
Chinese propaganda poster proclaiming "Long Live the President"
Aerial perspective of Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in central Singapore. Taken in 2016
A Chinese stamp with Chiang Kai-shek
Sun Yat-Sen monument in Chinatown area of Los Angeles, California
Chiang Kai-shek and Winston Churchill heads, with Nationalist China flag and Union Jack
Sun Yat-Sen plaza in the Chinese Quarter of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Statue of Chiang Kai-shek in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan
Sun Yat-sen tribute in Tiananmen Square, 2010
Duke of Zhou
Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, Nanjing.
Chiang Kai-shek with the Muslim General Ma Fushou
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Guangzhou.
Chiang Kai-shek as Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei
Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 1882–1939), who died in the Second Sino-Japanese War during a bombardment, is the mother of his son and successor Chiang Ching-kuo
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Centre, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
Yao Yecheng (姚冶誠, 1889–1972), who came to Taiwan and died in Taipei
A marker on the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail on Hong Kong Island
Chen Jieru (陳潔如, "Jennie", 1906–1971), who lived in Shanghai, but moved to Hong Kong later and died there
Soong Mei-ling (宋美齡, 1898–2003), who moved to the United States after Chiang Kai-shek's death, is arguably his most famous wife even though they had no children together

Born in Chekiang (Zhejiang) Province, Chiang was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT), and a lieutenant of Sun Yat-sen in the revolution to overthrow the Beiyang government and reunify China.

- Chiang Kai-shek

He did not live to see his party unify the country under his successor, Chiang Kai-shek, in the Northern Expedition.

- Sun Yat-sen
Chiang in 1943

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Soong Ching-ling

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Chinese political figure.

Chinese political figure.

Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ch'ing-ling wedding photo (1915).
Mme. Soong Qingling and Dr. Sun Yat-sen seen here with the Rosamonde biplane; the first indigenously designed aircraft in China in which Mme. Soong would fly as a passenger with pilot Huang Guangrui at the controls.
Third Plenary Session of the KMT Second Central Committee in Wuhan, March 1927. Soong Ching-ling is in the front next to her brother, T. V. Soong.
Soong Ching-ling with Eugene Chen in Moscow, 1927.
Soong Ching-ling and Li Jishen at the Founding Ceremony of the PRC (1949).
Mao Zedong, Soong Ching-ling and Deng Xiaoping at the 1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties.
Soong Ching-ling and Kim Il Sung, the founder of North Korea, were raised Christian.

As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, then Premier of the Kuomintang and President of the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen.

Her younger sister, May-ling, married Chiang Kai-shek, a Methodist like Soong and her sisters.

Model of SS Zhongshan

Chinese gunboat Zhongshan

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Chinese gunboat built in Japan in 1913.

Chinese gunboat built in Japan in 1913.

Model of SS Zhongshan
Salvaging of SS Zhongshan. (A model in the Zhongshan Warship Museum)
Zhongshan Warship Museum {{nowrap|(:zh:中山舰博物馆)}} in Wuhan
The restored Zhongshan inside the museum
Zhongshan seen from the stern
Damage the ship sustained during her sinking

It was originally known as SS Yongfeng, (romanized at the time as Yung Feng or Wong Feng), before being renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen.

From there, he transferred to the SS Yongfeng, where he was joined by Chiang Kai-shek around the 27th or 29th.

Guangxi

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Autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin.

Autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin.

Zhuang people in Longzhou
View of Nanning, the capital and economic center of Guangxi.
A commercial street in Guilin
The Guizhou–Guangxi Railway near the Layi Station in Nandan County, Hechi.
Pagodas in Guilin.
Cormorant fisherman on the Li River in Yangshuo County
Li River, Guangxi
Longsheng Rice Terrace
Yulong River
Ban Gioc Duc Thien– Banyue Detian Falls

Subsequent feuding with Sun Yat-sen led to defeat in the 1920 and 1921 Guangdong–Guangxi War.

His was one of the few Kuomintang units free from serious Chinese Communist Party (CCP) influence and was therefore employed by Chiang Kai-shek for the Shanghai massacre of 1927.

Lieutenant General Ma Fuxiang

Ma Fuxiang

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Chinese military and political leader spanning the Qing Dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of China.

Chinese military and political leader spanning the Qing Dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of China.

Lieutenant General Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang and Gen. Wu Peifu
Chinese generals pay tribute to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in 1928 after the success of the Northern Expedition. From right to left, are Gen. Cheng Jin, Gen. Zhang Zuobao, Gen. Chen Diaoyuan, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, Gen. Woo Tsin-hang, Gen. Wen Xishan, Muslim Gen. Ma Fuxiang, Gen. Ma Sida and Muslim Gen. Bai Chongxi.
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang's brother Ma Fushou, with Chiang Kai-shek.

Having turned to Chiang Kai-shek in 1928, he was made chairman (governor) of the government of Anhui in 1930.

In 1924, Ma Fuxiang met with Kuomintang leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Beijing and informed him that he would welcome the leadership of Dr. Sun.

Area map, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2013.

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

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Area map, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2013.
Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen.
Ceiling of the sacrificial hall, displaying the flag of the Kuomintang.
Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Xueliang at Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in 1930s
Marble sarcophagus
Sun Yat-sen Sacrificial Hall information
thumb|Statue in the Mausoleum, Kuomintang flag on the ceiling
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing
1 May 2011 (Labour Day)
1 May 2011
The Entrance Gate
Gate

Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is situated at the foot of the second peak of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China.

In a historical documentary, Chiang Kai Shek, former President of the Republic of China, officiated the opening and paid his visit to Mausoleum reporting his victory of the Northern Expedition to unify China in 1929.

Hu Hanmin

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Chinese philosopher and politician who was one of the early conservative right factional leaders in the Kuomintang (KMT) during revolutionary China.

Chinese philosopher and politician who was one of the early conservative right factional leaders in the Kuomintang (KMT) during revolutionary China.

He participated in the Second Revolution in 1913, and followed Sun Yat-sen to Japan after the failure of that revolution.

After the Ninghan split in 1927, Hu supported Chiang Kai-shek and was head of the Legislative Yuan in Nanjing.

Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (Guangzhou)

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Octagon-shaped building in Guangzhou, capital of China's Guangdong Province.

Octagon-shaped building in Guangzhou, capital of China's Guangdong Province.

Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall depicted on the reverse of a 1931 Kwangtung Provincial Bank 1 Dollar Banknote.

The hall was designed by Lu Yanzhi and was built with funds raised by local and overseas Chinese people in memory of Sun Yat-sen.

The palace was damaged during Ye Ju's 16 June 1922 attack on Sun Yat-sen, during which—though he had already fled—his wife narrowly escaped shelling and rifle fire before meeting him on the gunboat Yongfeng, where they were joined by Chiang Kai-shek.

Example of a Nuo tai on the Paifang at the Cihu Presidential Burial Place in Taiwan. It reads (from right to left) "President (space) Honorable Chiang's Mausoleum"

Tai tou

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Typographical East Asian expression of honor that can be divided into two forms, Nuo tai and Ping tai.

Typographical East Asian expression of honor that can be divided into two forms, Nuo tai and Ping tai.

Example of a Nuo tai on the Paifang at the Cihu Presidential Burial Place in Taiwan. It reads (from right to left) "President (space) Honorable Chiang's Mausoleum"
'永懷 領袖文物展視室' (Example of such a space used before the word '領袖', here referring to Chiang Kai-shek)

This is also sometimes still used in Taiwan for important officials, such as Chiang Kai-shek and Sun Yat-sen, although this practice has gradually fallen out of favor.

Hongmen seal, 19th century Amoy

Tiandihui

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Chinese fraternal organization and historically a secretive folk religious sect in the vein of the Ming loyalist White Lotus Sect, the Tiandihui's ancestral organization.

Chinese fraternal organization and historically a secretive folk religious sect in the vein of the Ming loyalist White Lotus Sect, the Tiandihui's ancestral organization.

Hongmen seal, 19th century Amoy
Hongmen seal, 19th century Guangdong

In Taiwan, by contrast, the Hongmen is not only legal, but politically influential; this is not surprising, since Sun Yat-sen, founding father of the Republic of China, was a senior figure within the Hongmen, as was nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek.

Lieutenant General Ma Bufang

Ma Bufang

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Prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai.

Prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai.

Lieutenant General Ma Bufang
T. V. Soong and Ma Bufang of the Republic of China visits a mosque in Xining, Qinghai in 1934
Chiang Kai-shek (right) meets with the Muslim Generals Ma Bufang (second from left), and Ma Buqing (first from left) in Xining in August 1942.
Ma Bufang- date unknown
Egyptian President Muhammad Naguib with General Ma Bufang.
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Republic of China Chinese Muslim Generals Ma Bufang (left) and his brother Ma Buqing (right). Both members of the Kuomintang.

Ma Bufang sided with Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun until the Central Plains War, when he switched to the winning side of Chiang Kai-shek.

Participants bowed to a portrait of Kuomintang Party founder Dr. Sun Zhongshan, and to the God of the Lake, and offerings were given to him by the participants, which included Muslims.