A report on Chiang Kai-shek and White Terror (Taiwan)

The Horrifying Inspection by Taiwanese paintmaker Li Jun. It describes the hostile environment in Taiwan shortly after the February 28 incident, which marked the start of the White Terror period

Dwight D. Eisenhower with Chiang Kai-Shek in Taipei, 1960.

Sun Yat-sen and Chiang at the 1924 opening ceremonies for the Soviet-funded Whampoa Military Academy

A Taiwanese political dissident after and prior to his execution

Chiang (right) together with Wang Jingwei (left), 1926

Chiang during a visit to an air force base in 1945

Chiang and Soong on the cover of Time magazine, 26 October 1931

Nationalist government of Nanking – nominally ruling over entire China in 1930s

After the breakout of the Second Sino-Japanese War, The Young Companion featured Chiang on its cover.

Chiang with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in Cairo, Egypt, November 1943

Chiang and his wife Soong Mei-ling sharing a laugh with U.S. Lieutenant General Joseph W. Stilwell, Burma, April 1942

Chiang with South Korean President Syngman Rhee in 1949

Map of the Chinese Civil War (1946–1950)

Chiang with Japanese politician Nobusuke Kishi, in 1957

Chiang presiding over the 1966 Double Ten celebrations

Chiang with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in June 1960

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument, landmark, and tourist attraction in Taipei, Taiwan.

Chinese propaganda poster proclaiming "Long Live the President"

Chiang Kai-shek and Winston Churchill heads, with Nationalist China flag and Union Jack

Statue of Chiang Kai-shek in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan

Chiang Kai-shek with the Muslim General Ma Fushou

Chiang Kai-shek as Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim

Mao Fumei (毛福梅, 1882–1939), who died in the Second Sino-Japanese War during a bombardment, is the mother of his son and successor Chiang Ching-kuo

Yao Yecheng (姚冶誠, 1889–1972), who came to Taiwan and died in Taipei

Chen Jieru (陳潔如, "Jennie", 1906–1971), who lived in Shanghai, but moved to Hong Kong later and died there

In 1949, Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics during the White Terror.

- Chiang Kai-shek

The ideology, theory and repression ruling pattern of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regime in China and Taiwan has been compared by some scholars to fascist regimes elsewhere, such as Nazi Germany, since the National Revolutionary Army was heavily dependent on the German military mission during the Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941) until Adolf Hitler decided to withdraw in 1938.

- White Terror (Taiwan)

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Kuomintang

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Major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

The Revolutionary Army attacking Nanjing in 1911

The KMT reveres its founder, Sun Yat-sen, as the "Father of the Nation"

Venue of the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang in 1924

Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang after Sun's death in 1925

KMT flag displayed in Lhasa, Tibet in 1938

The National Revolutionary Army soldiers marched into the British concessions in Hankou during the Northern Expedition

Nationalist soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War

The retrocession of Taiwan in Taipei on 25 October 1945

The former KMT headquarters in Taipei City (1949–2006), whose imposing structure, directly facing the Presidential Office Building, was seen as a symbol of the party's wealth and dominance

Pan-blue supporters at a rally during the 2004 presidential election

Kuomintang public service center in Shilin, Taipei

Lien Chan (middle) and Wu Po-hsiung (second left) and the KMT touring the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, People's Republic of China when the Pan-Blue coalition visited the mainland in 2005

KMT headquarters in Taipei City before the KMT Central Committee moved in June 2006 to a much more modest Bade building, having sold the original headquarters to private investors of the EVA Airways Corporation

KMT Kinmen headquarters office in Jincheng Township, Kinmen County

KMT Building in Vancouver's Chinatown, British Columbia, Canada

KMT branch office in Pingzhen District, Taoyuan City

The KMT maintains offices in some of the Chinatowns of the world and its United States party headquarters are located in San Francisco Chinatown, on Stockton Street directly across the Chinese Six Companies

KMT Eastern U.S. headquarters is in New York Chinatown

KMT office of Australasia in Sydney, Australia

From left to right, KMT members pay tribute to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in 1928 after the success of the Northern Expedition: Generals Cheng Jin, Zhang Zuobao, Chen Diaoyuan, Chiang Kai-shek, Woo Tsin-hang, Yan Xishan, General Ma Fuxiang, Ma Sida and General Bai Chongxi

From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under Chiang Kai-shek successfully led the Northern Expedition against regional warlords and unified the fragmented nation.

As a result of 28 February Incident in 1947, Taiwanese people endured what is called the "White Terror", a KMT-led political repression that resulted in the death or disappearance of over 30,000 Taiwanese intellectuals, activists, and people suspected of opposition to the KMT.

On February 28, 1947, the masses went to the Monopoly Bureau Taipei Branch to protest, and the inventories of matches, cigarettes and other items in the Monopoly Bureau Taipei Branch were piled up and burned.

February 28 incident

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Anti-government uprising in Taiwan that was violently suppressed by the Kuomintang –led nationalist government of the Republic of China (ROC).

Armed soldiers as seen in Tainan by Dr. M. Ottsen, who served for the United Nations

Woodcut The Terrible Inspection by Huang Rong-can

Cover of the first issue of Taiwan Literature and Art magazine printed in 1934, during Japanese rule

"Chinese Exploit Formosa Worse Than Japs Did", a news article from The Washington Daily News on March 21, 1946

Severe inflation led the Bank of Taiwan to issue of bearer's checks in denominations of 1 million Taiwan Dollars (TW$1,000,000) in 1949.

Today's 228 Memorial Museum in Taipei is housed in a broadcast station that played a role in the incident.

"Terror In Formosa", a news article from The Daily News of Perth, reported the status in March.

Angry residents storm the Yidingmu police station in Taipei on February 28, 1947

Painter and Professor Chen Cheng-po was killed in Chiayi

Today, a memorial plaque marks the exact location where the first shot was fired

228 Memorial Day, 2008 in Liberty Square

President Ma Ying-jeou addresses the families of victims of the February 28 incident

Former Vice President Annette Lu, once a political prisoner, speaking at the 228 Memorial

Directed by provincial governor Chen Yi and president Chiang Kai-shek, thousands of civilians were killed beginning on February 28, 1947.

2 years later for the following 38 years, the island was placed under martial law in a period known as the White Terror.

Taiwan

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Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years.

Fort Zeelandia, the Governor's residence in Dutch Formosa

Japanese colonial soldiers march Taiwanese captured after the Tapani Incident in 1915 from the Tainan jail to court.

General Chen Yi (right) accepting the receipt of General Order No. 1 from Rikichi Andō (left), the last Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan, in Taipei City Hall

Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang from 1925 until his death in 1975

With Chiang Kai-shek, US president Dwight D. Eisenhower waved to crowds during his visit to Taipei in June 1960.

In 1988, Lee Teng-hui became the first president of the Republic of China born in Taiwan and was the first to be directly elected in 1996.

Student protest in Taipei against a controversial trade agreement with China in March 2014

A satellite image of Taiwan, showing it is mostly mountainous in the east, with gently sloping plains in the west. The Penghu Islands are west of the main island.

The flag used by Taiwan at the Olympic Games, where it competes as "Chinese Taipei" (中華台北)

Taiwan's popularly elected president resides in the Presidential Office Building, Taipei, originally built in the Japanese era for colonial governors

Tsai Ing-wen, President of the Republic of China

Su Tseng-chang, Premier of the Republic of China

Taiwanese-born Tangwai ("independent") politician Wu San-lien (second left) celebrates with supporters his landslide victory of 65.5 per cent in Taipei's first mayoral election in January 1951.

Results from an identity survey conducted each year from 1992 to 2020 by the Election Study Center, National Chengchi University. Responses are Taiwanese (green), Chinese (red) or Both Taiwanese and Chinese (hatched). No response is shown as grey.

Republic of China Army’s Thunderbolt-2000, a multiple rocket launcher

Taipei 101 held the world record for the highest skyscraper from 2004 to 2010.

China Airlines aircraft line-up at Taoyuan International Airport

Population density map of Taiwan (residents per square kilometre)

Original geographic distributions of Taiwanese indigenous peoples

Most commonly used home language in each area, darker in proportion to the lead over the next most common

Apo Hsu and the NTNU Symphony Orchestra onstage in the National Concert Hall

Taiwanese writer, literary critic and politician Wang Tuoh

Yani Tseng with the 2011 Women's British Open trophy

Tai Tzu-ying, the current world No.1 in BWF at the 2018 Chinese Taipei Open

St. John's Catholic Church in Banqiao District, New Taipei

Countries maintaining relations with the ROCdiplomatic relations and embassy in Taipei
unofficial relations (see text)

The Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) is the top-tier professional baseball league in Taiwan

After the end of World War II, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang), led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), led by CCP Chairman Mao Zedong.

During the White Terror, as the period is known, 140,000 people were imprisoned or executed for being perceived as anti-KMT or pro-Communist.

Woodcut print by Huang Rong-can, "The Terrible Inspection" describing the February 28 Incident massacre in 1947

Taiwan independence movement

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Political movement which advocates the formal declaration of an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state, as opposed to Chinese unification or the status quo in Cross-Strait relations.

"Terror In Formosa", a news article from The Daily News of Perth, reported the status in March 1947.

Banner displaying the slogan "UN for Taiwan"

Republic of China passport mentioning Taiwan since 2003 in order to distinguish it from the People's Republic of China passport. In 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs launched a redesigned passport that highlights "Taiwan"

An example of a "Taiwan passport", which is typically not accepted in place of the R.O.C. passport

Parade of Taiwan independence supporters

Anti-Taiwan independence protesters in Washington, D.C. during Lee Teng-hui's visit in 2005

The February 28 Incident in 1947 and the ensuing martial law that lasted until 1987 contributed to the period of White Terror on the island.

The Anti-communist Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China on Taiwan, believed the Americans were going to plot a coup against him along with Taiwan Independence.