A report on Han Chinese, Xinjiang and China

The eight main dialect areas of Mandarin in Mainland China
The main varieties of Chinese in mainland China and Taiwan
Dzungaria (Red) and the Tarim Basin or Altishahr (Blue)
Lungshan Temple of Manka in Taipei
Northern Xinjiang (Junggar Basin) (Yellow), Eastern Xinjiang- Turpan Depression (Turpan Prefecture and Hami Prefecture) (Red) and Altishahr/the Tarim Basin (Blue)
China (today's Guangdong), Mangi (inland of Xanton), and Cataio (inland of China and Chequan, and including the capital Cambalu, Xandu, and a marble bridge) are all shown as separate regions on this 1570 map by Abraham Ortelius
A female servant and male advisor dressed in silk robes, ceramic figurines from the Western Han era
Physical map showing the separation of Dzungaria and the Tarim Basin (Altishahr) by the Tien Shan Mountains
Map of Tang China in 742, showing the major provinces of the empire
Map of Han Dynasty in 2 CE. Light blue is the Tarim Basin protectorate.
10,000 years old pottery, Xianren Cave culture (18000–7000 BCE)
Han Chinese man wears a queue in compliance with Manchu custom during the Qing dynasty
Old Uyghur/Yugur art from the Bezeklik murals
Yinxu, the ruins of the capital of the late Shang dynasty (14th century BCE)
Zhang Zeduan's painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival captures the daily life of people from the Song dynasty at the capital, Bianjing, today's Kaifeng.
The Tarim Basin in the 3rd century AD
China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is famed for having united the Warring States' walls to form the Great Wall of China. Most of the present structure, however, dates to the Ming dynasty.
A Song dynasty Chinese painting Night Revels of Han Xizai showing scholars in scholar's robes and musicians dressed in a Hanfu variant, 12th-century remake of a 10th-century original by Gu Hongzhong.
A Sogdian man on a Bactrian camel. Sancai ceramic statuette, Tang dynasty
Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC
A traditional representation of The Vinegar Tasters, an allegorical image representing Buddhists, Confucianists, and Taoists
Mongol states from the 14th to the 17th centuries: the Northern Yuan dynasty, Four Oirat, Moghulistan and Kara Del
The Tang dynasty at its greatest extent
Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC.
The Dzungar–Qing Wars, between the Qing Dynasty and the Dzungar Khanate
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The Battle of Oroi-Jalatu in 1756, between the Manchu and Oirat armies
The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire
The Qing Empire ca. 1820
The Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China to defeat the anti-foreign Boxers and their Qing backers. The image shows a celebration ceremony inside the Chinese imperial palace, the Forbidden City after the signing of the Boxer Protocol in 1901.
Scene from the 1828 Qing campaign against rebels in Altishahr
Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of Republic of China, one of the first republics in Asia.
Yakub Beg, ruler of Yettishar
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong toasting together in 1945 following the end of World War II
19th-century Khotan Uyghurs in Yettishar
Mao Zedong proclaiming the establishment of the PRC in 1949.
Kuomintang in Xinjiang, 1942
The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests was ended by a military-led massacre which brought condemnations and sanctions against the Chinese government from various foreign countries.
Governor Sheng Shicai ruled from 1933 to 1944.
Satellite image of China from NASA WorldWind
The Soviet-backed Second East Turkestan Republic encompassed Xinjiang's Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay districts.
Köppen-Geiger climate classification map for mainland China.
Close to Karakoram Highway in Xinjiang.
A giant panda, China's most famous endangered and endemic species, at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Sichuan
Pamir Mountains and Muztagh Ata.
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.
Taklamakan Desert
Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 CE
Tianchi Lake
Huawei headquarters in Shenzhen. Huawei is the world's largest telecoms-equipment-maker and the second-largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world.
Black Irtysh river in Burqin County is a famous spot for sightseeing.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, one of the first Chinese spaceports
Kanas Lake
Internet penetration rates in China in the context of East Asia and Southeast Asia, 1995–2012
Largest cities and towns of Xinjiang
The Duge Bridge is the highest bridge in the world.
Statue of Mao Zedong in Kashgar
The Beijing Daxing International Airport features the world's largest single-building airport terminal.
Nur Bekri, Chairman of the Xinjiang Government between 2007 and 2015
The Port of Shanghai's deep water harbor on Yangshan Island in the Hangzhou Bay is the world's busiest container port since 2010.
The distribution map of Xinjiang's GDP per person (2011)
A 2009 population density map of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan. The eastern coastal provinces are much more densely populated than the western interior.
Ürümqi is a major industrial center within Xinjiang.
Ethnolinguistic map of China
Wind farm in Xinjiang
A trilingual sign in Sibsongbanna, with Tai Lü language on the top
Sunday market in Khotan
Map of the ten largest cities in China (2010)
Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport
Beijing's Peking University, one of the top-ranked universities in China
Karakorum highway
Chart showing the rise of China's Human Development Index from 1970 to 2010
This flag (Kök Bayraq) has become a symbol of the East Turkestan independence movement.
Geographic distribution of religions in China. Chinese folk religion (including Confucianism, Taoism, and groups of Chinese Buddhism) Buddhism tout court Islam Ethnic minorities' indigenous religions Mongolian folk religion Northeast China folk religion influenced by Tungus and Manchu shamanism; widespread Shanrendao
"Heroic Gesture of Bodhisattvathe Bodhisattva", example of 6th-7th-century terracotta Greco-Buddhist art (local populations were Buddhist) from Tumxuk, Xinjiang
Fenghuang County, an ancient town that harbors many architectural remains of Ming and Qing styles.
Sogdian donors to the Buddha, 8th century fresco (with detail), Bezeklik, Eastern Tarim Basin
A Moon gate in a Chinese garden.
A mosque in Ürümqi
The stories in Journey to the West are common themes in Peking opera.
People engaging in snow sports by a statue of bodhisattva Guanyin in Wujiaqu
Map showing major regional cuisines of China
Christian Church in Hami
Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent and was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago.
Catholic Church in Urumqi
Long March 2F launching Shenzhou spacecraft. China is one of the only three countries with independent human spaceflight capability.
Temple of the Great Buddha in Midong, Ürümqi
The Tang dynasty at its greatest extent and Tang's protectorates
Taoist Temple of Fortune and Longevity at the Heavenly Lake of Tianshan in Fukang, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture
Lihaozhai High School in Jianshui, Yunnan. The sign is in Hani (Latin alphabet), Nisu (Yi script), and Chinese.
Emin Minaret
The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire
Id Kah mosque in Kashgar, largest mosque in China
China topographic map with East Asia countries
Erkin Tuniyaz, the incumbent Chairman of the Xinjiang Government

The Han Chinese or Han people are an East Asian ethnic group and nation native to China.

- Han Chinese

Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is a landlocked autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.

- Xinjiang

It is home to a number of ethnic groups, including the Turkic Uyghur, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz, the Han, Tibetans, Hui, Chinese Tajiks (Pamiris), Mongols, Russians and Sibe.

- Xinjiang

Han Chinese are almost the majority in every Chinese province, municipality, and autonomous region except for the autonomous regions of Xinjiang (38% or 40% in 2010) and Tibet Autonomous Region (8% in 2014), where Uighurs and Tibetans are the majority, respectively.

- Han Chinese

Following a widespread civil war during which the imperial library at Xianyang was burned, the Han dynasty emerged to rule China between 206 BCE and CE 220, creating a cultural identity among its populace still remembered in the ethnonym of the Han Chinese.

- China

The Han Chinese – the world's largest single ethnic group – outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang.

- China
The eight main dialect areas of Mandarin in Mainland China

4 related topics with Alpha

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Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jurchen Jin

Manchu people

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Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

Aguda, Emperor Taizu of Jurchen Jin
An imperial portrait of Nurgaci
The Qing Empire ca. 1820
Prince Zaitao dresses in modern reformed uniform of late Qing dynasty
Noblewoman Wanyan Litongji, 1900s
"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011
the cover of the Eight Manchu Banners' Surname-Clans' Book
A musketeer wearing a queue and formal hat
Han and Manchu clothing coexisted during Qing dynasty
Han Chinese clothing in early Qing
Han Chinese general Zhang Zhiyuan wearing Qing military outfit.
Painting of the Qianlong Emperor hunting
Manchu wrestlers competed in front of the Qianlong Emperor
The performance of Manchu palace skaters on holiday
Octagonal drum performance on stage
Akšan, Manchu singer and ulabun artist
Manchu autonomous area in Liaoning.{{#tag:ref|Autonomous counties are shown in bright green. Counties with autonomous townships are in dark green, with the number of Manchu townshipin each county shown in red (or yellow). So are another 2 pictures|group=note}}
Manchu autonomous area in Jilin.
Manchu autonomous area in Hebei.
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party
Manchu Hunting party

A few of them were sent to other places such as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet to serve as garrison troops.

While the Manchu ruling elite at the Qing imperial court in Beijing and posts of authority throughout China increasingly adopted Han culture, the Qing imperial government viewed the Manchu communities (as well as those of various tribal people) in Manchuria as a place where traditional Manchu virtues could be preserved, and as a vital reservoir of military manpower fully dedicated to the regime.

Dulimbai Gurun is the Manchu name for China.

Image of a Mongolian lady (incorrectly identified as Genepil, Queen consort of Mongolia )

Mongols

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Image of a Mongolian lady (incorrectly identified as Genepil, Queen consort of Mongolia )
Asia in 500, showing the Rouran Khaganate and its neighbors, including the Northern Wei and the Tuyuhun Khanate, all of them were established by Proto-Mongols
Mongol man with a hat, Yuan dynasty
Mongol wearing a hat, 14th c.
Yuan dynasty Mongol rider
A portrait of Kublai Khan by Araniko (1245–1306)
Mongol huntsmen, Ming dynasty
The Northern Yuan dynasty and Turco-Mongol residual states and domains by the 15th century
Map showing wars between Qing Dynasty and Dzungar Khanate
A Dzungar soldier called Ayusi from the high Qing era, by Giuseppe Castiglione, 1755
The Battle of Oroi-Jalatu in 1755 between the Qing (that ruled China at the time) and Mongol Dzungar armies. The fall of the Dzungar Khanate
Khorloogiin Choibalsan, leader of the Mongolian People's Republic (left), and Georgy Zhukov consult during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol against Japanese troops, 1939
World War II Zaisan Memorial, Ulaan Baatar, from the People's Republic of Mongolia era.
Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (right)
A Mongolic Ger
Chronological tree of the Mongolic languages
Buddhist temple in Buryatia, Russia
Timur of Mongolic origin himself had converted almost all the Borjigin leaders to Islam.
Mongols grazing livestock, by Roy Chapman Andrews photographs in 1921
Mural of a Mongol family, Yuan dynasty
The Mughal Emperor Babur and his heir Humayun. The word Mughal is derived from the Persian word for Mongol.
This map shows the boundary of the 13th-century Mongol Empire and location of today's Mongols in modern Mongolia, Russia and China.
Mongol women in traditional dress
Strong Mongol men at August games. Photo by Wm. Purdom, 1909
Mongol Empress Zayaat (Jiyatu), wife of Kulug Khan (1281–1311)
Genghis' son Tolui with Queen Sorgaqtani
Hulegu Khan, ruler of the Ilkhanate
13th century Ilkhanid Mongol archer
Mongol soldiers by Rashid al-Din, BnF. MS. Supplément Persan 1113. 1430-1434 AD.
Kalmyk Mongol girl Annushka (painted in 1767)
A 20th-century Mongol Khan, Navaanneren
The 4th Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso
Dolgorsürengiin Dagvadorj became the first Mongol to reach sumo's highest rank.
Mongol women archers during Naadam festival
A Mongol musician
A Mongol Wrangler
Buryat Mongol shaman
Kalmyks, 19th century
Mongol girl performing Bayad dance
Buryat Mongols (painted in 1840)
Daur Mongol Empress Wanrong (1906–1946), also had Borjigin blood on maternal side.
Buryat Mongol boy during shamanic rite
Concubine Wenxiu was Puyi's consort
A Mongolian Buddhist monk, 1913

The Mongols (Монголчууд,, Moŋğolçuud, ; ; Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation.

In the early 20th century, the late Qing government encouraged Han Chinese colonization of Mongolian lands under the name of "New Policies" or "New Administration" (xinzheng).

With the independence of Outer Mongolia, the Mongolian army controlled Khalkha and Khovd regions (modern day Uvs, Khovd, and Bayan-Ölgii provinces), but Northern Xinjiang (the Altai and Ili regions of the Qing Empire), Upper Mongolia, Barga and Inner Mongolia came under control of the newly formed Republic of China.

Tibet Autonomous Region

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Mount Everest
Yamdrok Lake
Namtso Lake
Maitreya Buddha statue of Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse
The Yarlung Tsangpo in Shigatse
Lhasa Gonggar Airport, the biggest airport in TAR

The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, often shortened to Tibet or Xizang, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China in Southwest China.

The Tibet Autonomous Region spans over 1200000 km2 and is the second-largest province-level division of China by area, after Xinjiang.

Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group reside in Tibet include Bai people, Blang, Bonan, Dongxiang, Han, Hui people, Lhoba, Lisu people, Miao, Mongols, Monguor (Tu people), Menba (Monpa), Mosuo, Nakhi, Qiang, Nu people, Pumi, Salar, and Yi people.

Uyghurs

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The Uyghurs ( or ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

The Uyghurs ( or ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

A Uyghur girde naan baker
Uyghur man in traditional clothing, playing a tambur, a traditional Uyghur instrument.
A possible Tocharian or Sogdian monk (left) with an East Asian Buddhist monk (right). A fresco from the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, dated to the 9th or 10th century (Kara-Khoja Kingdom).
Uyghur hunter in Kashgar
Uyghur schoolchildren in Kashgar (2011)
Uyghur princes from Cave 9 of the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, Xinjiang, China, 8th–9th century AD, wall painting
An 8th-century Uyghur Khagan
Uyghur Khaganate in geopolitical context c. 820 AD
Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan) in 1490
Ethnolinguistic map of Xinjiang in 1967
Map showing the distribution of ethnicities in Xinjiang according to census figures from 2000, the prefectures with Uyghur majorities are in blue.
Protesters Amsterdam with the Flag of East Turkestan
A Uyghur mosque in Khotan
Map of language families in Xinjiang
Leaf from an Uyghur-Manichaean version of the ‘‘Arzhang’’.
Uyghur Meshrep musicians in Yarkand
Wall painting at Bezeklik caves in Flaming Mountains, Turpan Depression.
Xinjiang carpet factory
Uyghur polu (پولۇ, полу)
Doppa Maker, traditional Uyghur hats, Kashgar
A Uyghur man having his head shaved in a bazaar. Shaving of head is now seen mostly among the older generation.
Uyghur girl in clothing made of fabric with design distinctive to the Uyghurs
Uyghur women on their way to work, Kashgar. 2011

The Uyghurs are recognized as native to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China.

Masud Sabri viewed the Hui people as Muslim Han Chinese and separate from his people, while Bughrain criticized Sheng for his designation of Turkic Muslims into different ethnicities which could sow disunion among Turkic Muslims.

A study (2013) based on autosomal DNA shows that average Uyghurs are closest to other Turkic people in Central Asia and China as well as various Chinese populations.