Climate model

climate modelsclimate modellingclimate modelingclimateclimate modellerclimate simulationmodellingClimate change modelcomputer modelsGlobal climate change models

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.wikipedia

Cryosphere

cryosphericicecryology

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in the global climate and in climate model response to global changes.

Climate model Deglaciation Ice Glacier Hydrosphere

Climate

climaticclimatesaverage annual temperature

They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate.

Climate models are mathematical models of past, present and future climates.

Climate system Paleoclimatology Proxy (climate)Terrain Climate model

Greenhouse gas

greenhouse gasescarbon emissionsgreenhouse gas emissions

The radiative-convective models have advantages over the simple model: they can determine the effects of varying greenhouse gas concentrations on effective emissivity and therefore the surface temperature.

Jacob (1999) defines the lifetime \tau of an atmospheric species X in a one-box model as the average time that a molecule of X remains in the box.

Greenhouse effect Water vapor Methane Effects of global warming Atmosphere of Earth

General circulation model

global climate modelglobal climate modelsclimate model

Depending on the nature of questions asked and the pertinent time scales, there are, on the one extreme, conceptual, more inductive models, and, on the other extreme, general circulation models operating at the highest spatial and temporal resolution currently feasible.

A general circulation model (GCM) is a type of climate model.

Ocean general circulation model Climate model HadCM3 Primitive equations Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model

CICE (sea ice model)

CICECICE numerical suiteCICE sea ice model

It has been integrated into many coupled climate system models as well as global ocean and weather forecasting models and is often used as a tool in Arctic and Southern Ocean research.

Sea ice Community Earth System Model Climate model Computer simulation Weather forecasting

Stefan–Boltzmann law

Stefan-Boltzmann lawStefan's lawStefan–Boltzmann

Stefan–Boltzmann constant Emissivity Thermodynamic temperature Black-body radiation Radiant exitance

Numerical weather prediction

forecast modelsweather modelscomputer models

In 1956, Norman Phillips developed a mathematical model which could realistically depict monthly and seasonal patterns in the troposphere; this became the first successful climate model.

Weather forecasting Ensemble forecasting History of numerical weather prediction Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)Solar irradiance

GO-ESSP

The Global Organization of Earth System Science Portals or (GO-ESSP) is an international collaboration, formed in 2003, that is developing software infrastructure to support the distribution, and analysis of climate model data and related observations.

Climate model Coupled Model Intercomparison Project IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research

Hadley CentreHadCM2Met Office Hadley Centre

The volunteer computing project ClimatePrediction.net is a research team based at the University of Oxford conducting research into global climate change using adapted versions of the climate models developed at the Hadley Centre.

George Hadley Margaret Thatcher Climate model United Kingdom Global warming

Climateprediction.net

BBC Climate Change ExperimentClimate PredictionClimateprediction

The possibility of such high sensitivities being plausible given observations had been reported prior to the Climateprediction.net experiment but "this is the first time GCMs have produced such behaviour".

Climate ensemble Seasonal Attribution Project Myles Allen List of distributed computing projects HadCM3

Quantitative research

quantitativequantitative methodsquantitative data

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Social science Empirical research Measurement Observation Qualitative research

Atmosphere of Earth

airEarth's atmosphereatmosphere

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Atmospheric pressure Earth Gas Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere Argon

Ocean

marineoceansmaritime

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Earth

Terrain

relieftopographic reliefland surface

Numerical Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

Topography Bathymetry Climate Physical geography Drainage system (geomorphology)

Electromagnetic radiation

electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic waveselectromagnetic

Quantitative climate models take account of incoming energy from the sun as short wave electromagnetic radiation, chiefly visible and short-wave (near) infrared, as well as outgoing long wave (far) infrared electromagnetic.