A report on Manganese and Cofactor (biochemistry)

Electrolytically refined manganese chips and a 1 cm3 cube

The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.

Manganese(II) chloride crystals – the pale pink color of Mn(II) salts is due to a spin-forbidden 3d transition.

A simple [Fe2S2] cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms, coordinated by four protein cysteine residues.

Aqueous solution of KMnO4 illustrating the deep purple of Mn(VII) as it occurs in permanganate

The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Some of the cave paintings in Lascaux, France, use manganese-based pigments.

Credit for first isolating manganese is usually given to Johan Gottlieb Gahn.

Percentage of manganese output in 2006 by countries

Process flow diagram for a manganese refining circuit.

U.S. M1917 combat helmet, a variant of Brodie helmet, made from Hadfield steel manganese alloy.

World-War-II-era 5-cent coin (1942-5 identified by mint mark P, D or S above dome) made from a 56% copper-35% silver-9% manganese alloy

Reactive center of arginase with boronic acid inhibitor – the manganese atoms are shown in yellow.

Molecular model of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT)

In humans this list commonly includes iron, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, and molybdenum.

- Cofactor (biochemistry)

The classes of enzymes that have manganese cofactors include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases.

- Manganese

3 related topics with Alpha

Sodium and fluorine bonding ionically to form sodium fluoride. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a stable electron configuration, and this electron enters the fluorine atom exothermically. The oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other. The sodium is oxidized; and the fluorine is reduced.

Redox

2 links

Type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change.

The international pictogram for oxidizing chemicals

A redox reaction is the force behind an electrochemical cell like the Galvanic cell pictured. The battery is made out of a zinc electrode in a ZnSO4 solution connected with a wire and a porous disk to a copper electrode in a CuSO4 solution.

Oxides, such as iron(III) oxide or rust, which consists of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O3·nH2O and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3), form when oxygen combines with other elements

Enzymatic browning is an example of a redox reaction that takes place in most fruits and vegetables.

Blast furnaces of Třinec Iron and Steel Works, Czech Republic

In general, the electron donor is any of a wide variety of flavoenzymes and their coenzymes.

For instance, when manganese(II) reacts with sodium bismuthate:

Iron

1 links

Chemical element with symbol Fe and atomic number 26.

Magnetization curves of 9 ferromagnetic materials, showing saturation. 1.Sheet steel, 2.Silicon steel, 3.Cast steel, 4.Tungsten steel, 5.Magnet steel, 6.Cast iron, 7.Nickel, 8.Cobalt, 9.Magnetite

A polished and chemically etched piece of an iron meteorite, believed to be similar in composition to the Earth's metallic core, showing individual crystals of the iron-nickel alloy (Widmanstatten pattern)

Banded iron formation in McKinley Park, Minnesota.

Hydrated iron(III) chloride (ferric chloride)

Comparison of colors of solutions of ferrate (left) and permanganate (right)

Blue-green iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate

The two enantiomorphs of the ferrioxalate ion

Crystal structure of iron(II) oxalate dihydrate, showing iron (gray), oxygen (red), carbon (black), and hydrogen (white) atoms.

Blood-red positive thiocyanate test for iron(III)

Iron harpoon head from Greenland. The iron edge covers a narwhal tusk harpoon using meteorite iron from the Cape York meteorite, one of the largest iron meteorites known.

The symbol for Mars has been used since antiquity to represent iron.

The iron pillar of Delhi is an example of the iron extraction and processing methodologies of early India.

Coalbrookdale by Night, 1801. Blast furnaces light the iron making town of Coalbrookdale.

"Gold gab ich für Eisen" – "I gave gold for iron". German-American brooch from WWI.

17th century Chinese illustration of workers at a blast furnace, making wrought iron from pig iron

How iron was extracted in the 19th century

This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production.

A pot of molten iron being used to make steel

Photon mass attenuation coefficient for iron.

Structure of Heme b; in the protein additional ligand(s) would be attached to Fe.

A heme unit of human carboxyhemoglobin, showing the carbonyl ligand at the apical position, trans to the histidine residue

The melting and boiling points of iron, along with its enthalpy of atomization, are lower than those of the earlier 3d elements from scandium to chromium, showing the lessened contribution of the 3d electrons to metallic bonding as they are attracted more and more into the inert core by the nucleus; however, they are higher than the values for the previous element manganese because that element has a half-filled 3d sub-shell and consequently its d-electrons are not easily delocalized.

Metalloproteins are a group of proteins with metal ion cofactors.