A report on Vitamin, Niacin and Cofactor (biochemistry)

A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B3 in the diet

The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.

Calcium combined with vitamin D (as calciferol) supplement tablets with fillers.

Niacin, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan

A simple [Fe2S2] cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms, coordinated by four protein cysteine residues.

Jack Drummond's single-paragraph article in 1920 which provided structure and nomenclature used today for vitamins

The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

- Niacin

Coenzymes are mostly derived from vitamins and other organic essential nutrients in small amounts.

- Cofactor (biochemistry)

Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).

- Vitamin

The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them.

- Vitamin

Vitamins can serve as precursors to many organic cofactors (e.g., vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid) or as coenzymes themselves (e.g., vitamin C).

- Cofactor (biochemistry)

Niacin and nicotinamide are both converted into the coenzyme NAD.

- Niacin

2 related topics with Alpha

Nutrient

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Substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

Essential nutrients for animals are the energy sources, some of the amino acids that are combined to create proteins, a subset of fatty acids, vitamins and certain minerals.

Vitamins are organic compounds essential to the body. They usually act as coenzymes or cofactors for various proteins in the body.

Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12).

Riboflavin

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Cultures of Micrococcus luteus growing on pyridine (left) and succinic acid (right). The pyridine culture has turned yellow from the accumulation of riboflavin.

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement.

It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.

The coenzymes are also required for the metabolism of niacin, vitamin B6, and folate.