A report on Cofactor (biochemistry) and Transketolase

The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.
A simple [Fe2S2] cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms, coordinated by four protein cysteine residues.
Mechanism of fructose-6-phosphate to xylulose-5-phosphate in transketolase active site
The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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The cofactor necessary for this step to occur is thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).

- Transketolase

Another example is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which is tightly bound in transketolase or pyruvate decarboxylase, while it is less tightly bound in pyruvate dehydrogenase.

- Cofactor (biochemistry)
The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.

2 related topics with Alpha

Overall
The "ylide form" of TPP.

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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Thiamine (vitamin B1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase.

The "ylide form" of TPP.
TPP Mechanism
The TPP thiazolium ring can be deprotonated at C2 to become an ylid.
A full view of TPP. The arrow indicates the acidic proton.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions.

Transketolase

Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine

Thiamine

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Vitamin, an essential micronutrient, which cannot be made in the body.

Vitamin, an essential micronutrient, which cannot be made in the body.

Skeletal formula and ball-and-stick model of the cation in thiamine
A 3D representation of the TPP riboswitch with thiamine bound
Diamine used in the manufacture of thiamine
Takaki Kanehiro
Christiaan Eijkman
Gerrit Grijns
Umetaro Suzuki
Casimir Funk
Rudolph Peters

Within the body, the best-characterized form is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), also called thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the catabolism of sugars and amino acids.

The enzymes transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are all important in carbohydrate metabolism.