Cognitive behavioral therapy and Related Topics

Freud, seated left of picture with Jung seated at the right of the picture. 1909

Psychotherapy

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Use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems.

One reason for this is that online cognitive behavioural therapy programs have poor "adherence" compared to face-to-face programs.

Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate)
by Vincent van Gogh (1890)

Major depressive disorder

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Mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

An 1892 lithograph of a woman diagnosed with melancholia

A cup analogy demonstrating the diathesis–stress model that under the same amount of stressors, person 2 is more vulnerable than person 1, because of their predisposition.

Physical exercise is one recommended way to manage mild depression.

Sertraline (Zoloft) is used primarily to treat major depression in adults.

Diagnoses of depression go back at least as far as Hippocrates.

The 16th American president, Abraham Lincoln, had "melancholy", a condition that now may be referred to as clinical depression.

Behavioral interventions, such as interpersonal therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are effective at preventing new onset depression.

The prevalence of mental illness is higher in more economically unequal countries

Mental disorder

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Behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

"Haus Tornow am See" (former manor house), Germany from 1912 is today separated into a special education school and a hotel with integrated work/job- and rehabilitation-training for people with mental disorders

Deaths from mental and behavioral disorders per million persons in 2012

Eight patients representing mental diagnoses as of the 19th century at the Salpêtrière, Paris.

A patient in a strait-jacket and barrel contraption, 1908

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is widely used and is based on modifying the patterns of thought and behavior associated with a particular disorder.

Frequent and excessive hand washing occurs in some people with OCD.

Mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts and/or feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly to the extent where it induces distress or impairs general function.

People with OCD may face intrusive thoughts, such as thoughts about the devil (shown is a painted interpretation of Hell).

Some parts of the brain showing abnormal activity in OCD

One exposure and ritual prevention activity would be to check the lock only once and then leave.

This ribbon represents trichotillomania and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Concept for the ribbon was started by Jenne Schrader. Colors were voted on by the Trichotillomania Facebook community, and made official by the Trichotillomania Learning Center in August 2013.

Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year estimated rates for obsessive-compulsive disorder per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.
no data
<45
45–52.5
52.5–60
60–67.5
67.5–75
75–82.5
82.5–90
90–97.5
97.5–105
105–112.5
112.5–120
>120

Treatment for OCD may involve psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapy such as antidepressants, or surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation.

Borderline personality disorder

10 links

Personality disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions.

One of the symptoms of BPD is an intense fear of abandonment.

Scarring as a result of self-harm, which is a common sign in borderline personality disorder.

The stages used in dialectical behavior therapy

Devaluation in Edvard Munch's Salome (1903). Idealization and devaluation of others in personal relations is a common trait in BPD. The painter Edvard Munch depicted his new friend, the violinist Eva Mudocci, in both ways within days. First as "a woman seen by a man in love", then as "a bloodthirsty and cannibalistic Salome". In modern times, Munch has been diagnosed as having had BPD.

BPD is typically treated with psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).

Aaron Beck

7 links

American psychiatrist who was a professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania.

Beck's Hope High School yearbook photograph

He is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Psychoanalysis

8 links

Set of theories and therapeutic techniques that deal in part with the unconscious mind, and which together form a method of treatment for mental disorders.

Beck developed this empirically supported hypothesis for the cause of depression into a talking therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the early 1970s.

Behaviour therapy

6 links

Broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and/or cognitive psychology.

Behaviourists who practice these techniques are either behaviour analysts or cognitive-behavioural therapists.

Behaviorism

5 links

Systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.

In addition, while behaviorism and cognitive schools of psychological thought do not agree theoretically, they have complemented each other in the cognitive-behavior therapies, which have demonstrated utility in treating certain pathologies, including simple phobias, PTSD, and mood disorders.

Cognitive therapy

7 links

Type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck.

CT is one therapeutic approach within the larger group of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and was first expounded by Beck in the 1960s.

A report on Cognitive behavioral therapy

71 related topics with Alpha