A report on Computational science

Ways to study a system

Algorithms (numerical and non-numerical): mathematical models, computational models, and computer simulations developed to solve science (e.g., biological, physical, and social), engineering, and humanities problems

- Computational science
Ways to study a system

19 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Students working in the Statistics Machine Room of the London School of Economics in 1964.

Computational statistics

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Bond between statistics and computer science.

Bond between statistics and computer science.

Students working in the Statistics Machine Room of the London School of Economics in 1964.

It is the area of computational science (or scientific computing) specific to the mathematical science of statistics.

Charles Babbage, sometimes referred to as the "father of computing".

Computer science

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Study of computation, automation, and information.

Study of computation, automation, and information.

Charles Babbage, sometimes referred to as the "father of computing".
Ada Lovelace published the first algorithm intended for processing on a computer.

Computer science departments with a mathematics emphasis and with a numerical orientation consider alignment with computational science.

Python (programming language)

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High-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language.

High-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language.

The designer of Python, Guido van Rossum, at OSCON 2006
The standard type hierarchy in Python 3
Python Powered

As well as standard desktop integrated development environments, there are Web browser-based IDEs, including SageMath, for developing science- and math-related programs; PythonAnywhere, a browser-based IDE and hosting environment; and Canopy IDE, a commercial IDE emphasizing scientific computing.

Julia (programming language)

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High-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language.

High-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language.

While it is a general-purpose language and can be used to write any application, many of its features are well suited for numerical analysis and computational science.

PSD of ECG using SciPy

SciPy

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PSD of ECG using SciPy
PSD of ECG using SciPy
Snapshot showing SciPy ndimage source code

SciPy (pronounced "sigh pie" ) is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing.

Representation of the expression (8-6)*(3+1) as a Lisp tree, from a 1985 Master's Thesis.

Computer algebra

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RischIntegration.PNG of the algebraic function

RischIntegration.PNG of the algebraic function

Representation of the expression (8-6)*(3+1) as a Lisp tree, from a 1985 Master's Thesis.

Although computer algebra could be considered a subfield of scientific computing, they are generally considered as distinct fields because scientific computing is usually based on numerical computation with approximate floating point numbers, while symbolic computation emphasizes exact computation with expressions containing variables that have no given value and are manipulated as symbols.

A black and white rendition of the Yale Babylonian Collection's Tablet YBC 7289 (c. 1800–1600 BCE), showing a Babylonian approximation to the square root of 2 (1 24 51 10 w: sexagesimal) in the context of Pythagoras' Theorem for an isosceles triangle. The tablet also gives an example where one side of the square is 30, and the resulting diagonal is 42 25 35 or 42.4263888.

Computational mathematics

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Computational mathematics involves mathematical research in mathematics as well as in areas of science where computation plays a central and essential role, and emphasizes algorithms, numerical methods, and symbolic computations.

Computational mathematics involves mathematical research in mathematics as well as in areas of science where computation plays a central and essential role, and emphasizes algorithms, numerical methods, and symbolic computations.

A black and white rendition of the Yale Babylonian Collection's Tablet YBC 7289 (c. 1800–1600 BCE), showing a Babylonian approximation to the square root of 2 (1 24 51 10 w: sexagesimal) in the context of Pythagoras' Theorem for an isosceles triangle. The tablet also gives an example where one side of the square is 30, and the resulting diagonal is 42 25 35 or 42.4263888.

Computational science, also known as scientific computation or computational engineering

Computational scientist

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A computational scientist is a person skilled in scientific computing.

The IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer "Intrepid" at Argonne National Laboratory runs 164,000 processor cores using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 40 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed 3D torus network.

Supercomputer

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Computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.

Computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.

The IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer "Intrepid" at Argonne National Laboratory runs 164,000 processor cores using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 40 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed 3D torus network.
Computing power of the top 1 supercomputer each year, measured in FLOPS
A circuit board from the IBM 7030
The CDC 6600. Behind the system console are two of the "arms" of the plus-sign shaped cabinet with the covers opened. Each arm of the machine had up to four such racks. On the right is the cooling system.
A Cray-1 preserved at the Deutsches Museum
A cabinet of the massively parallel Blue Gene/L, showing the stacked blades, each holding many processors
The CPU share of TOP500
Diagram of a three-dimensional torus interconnect used by systems such as Blue Gene, Cray XT3, etc.
The Summit supercomputer was as of November 2018 the fastest supercomputer in the world. With a measured power efficiency of 14.668 GFlops/watt it is also the third most energy efficient in the world.
An IBM HS20 blade
Wide-angle view of the ALMA correlator
Example architecture of a grid computing system connecting many personal computers over the internet
Top supercomputer speeds: logscale speed over 60 years
Top 20 supercomputers in the world (June 2014)
Taiwania 3 is a Taiwanese supercomputer which assisted the scientific community in fighting COVID-19. It was launched in 2020 and has a capacity of about two to three PetaFLOPS.
Distribution of TOP500 supercomputers among different countries, in November 2015

Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion).

GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on Linux

GNU Octave

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GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on Linux
GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on Linux

GNU Octave is a high-level programming language primarily intended for scientific computing and numerical computation.