Computer network

These data links are established over cable media such as twisted pair or fiber-optic cables, and wireless media such as Wi-Fi.

A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes.

Nodes are generally identified by network addresses, and can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, and servers, as well as networking hardware such as routers and switches.

Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network.

Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes.

Broadly, routing is performed in many types of networks, including circuit-switched networks, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and computer networks, such as the Internet.

Nodes are generally identified by network addresses, and can include hosts such as personal computers, phones, and servers, as well as networking hardware such as routers and switches.

A network host is a computer or other device connected to a computer network.

The best-known computer network is the Internet.

The Internet (portmanteau of interconnected network) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

This formidable collection of information technology requires skilled network management to keep it all running reliably.

Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks.

The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of large computers and associated networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar sites and processed it to produce a single unified image of the airspace over a wide area.

These data links are established over cable media such as twisted pair or fiber-optic cables, and wireless media such as Wi-Fi.

UTP is the primary wire type for telephone usage and is very common for computer networking.

Previous proposals such as IntServ, DiffServ, and IP Multicast have not seen wide acceptance largely because they require modification of all routers in the network.

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

Computer networks differ in the transmission medium used to carry their signals, bandwidth, communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's size, topology, traffic control mechanism and organizational intent.

In computer networking, network traffic control is the process of managing, controlling or reducing the network traffic, particularly Internet bandwidth, e.g. by the network scheduler.

Computer networks support an enormous number of applications and services such as access to the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications as well as many others.

Instant messaging is a set of communication technologies used for text-based communication between two or more participants over the Internet or other types of networks.

Paul Baran (born Pesach Baran ; April 29, 1926 – March 26, 2011) was a Polish-American engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks.

OGAS (Общегосударственная автоматизированная система учёта и обработки информации, "ОГАС", "National Automated System for Computation and Information Processing") was a Soviet project to create a nationwide information network.

The NPL Network or NPL Data Communications Network was a local area computer network operated by a team from the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington outside London that pioneered the concept of packet switching.

The defining characteristics of a LAN, in contrast to a wide area network (WAN), include higher data transfer rates, limited geographic range, and lack of reliance on leased lines to provide connectivity.

A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking.

A computer network is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources.

A widely adopted family of transmission media used in local area network (LAN) technology is collectively known as Ethernet.

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).

The CYCLADES computer network was a French research network created in the early 1970s.

In 1965 he developed the concept of packet switching, which is today the dominant basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide, and implemented it in the NPL network.

ALOHAnet, also known as the ALOHA System, or simply ALOHA, was a pioneering computer networking system developed at the University of Hawaii.

In a computer network, it is a transceiver acting as a switch for computers in the network, possibly connecting them to a/another local area network and/or the Internet.

Xerox Network Systems (XNS) is a computer networking protocol suite developed by Xerox within the Xerox Network Systems Architecture.

A professor at UCLA's Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, he made several important contributions to the field of computer networking, in particular to the theoretical foundations of computer networking.

In addition to developing the predecessors to modern computing and networking technologies, students, staff, and faculty members at Project MAC, the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and the Tech Model Railroad Club wrote some of the earliest interactive computer video games like Spacewar! and created much of modern hacker slang and culture.

Distributed computing uses computing resources across a network to accomplish tasks.

A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another.