A report on Constitution of India, Constitution and Constitutional amendment

Constitution of the Year XII (First French Republic)

B. R. Ambedkar and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India

Constitution of the Kingdom of Naples in 1848.

Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian constitution to Constituent Assembly president Rajendra Prasad on 25 November 1949

Detail from Hammurabi's stele shows him receiving the laws of Babylon from the seated sun deity.

Diagram illustrating the classification of constitutions by Aristotle.

Jawaharlal Nehru signing the constitution

Third volume of the compilation of Catalan Constitutions of 1585

The Cossack Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, 1710.

A painting depicting George Washington at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution

Constitution of May 3, 1791 (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). Polish King Stanisław August (left, in regal ermine-trimmed cloak), enters St. John's Cathedral, where Sejm deputies will swear to uphold the new Constitution; in background, Warsaw's Royal Castle, where the Constitution has just been adopted.

Presidential copy of the Russian Constitution.

A constitutional amendment is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity.

- Constitutional amendment

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any country in the world, with 146,385 words in its English-language version, while the Constitution of Monaco is the shortest written constitution with 3,814 words.

- Constitution

It has features of a federation, including a codified, supreme constitution; a three-tier governmental structure (central, state and local); division of powers; bicameralism; and an independent judiciary.

- Constitution of India

Article 368 dictates the procedure for constitutional amendments.

- Constitution of India

2) * This method is used to amend those parts of the constitution outside the purview of Article 368 of the constitution.

- Constitutional amendment

In addition, exceptional procedures are often required to amend a constitution.

- Constitution

1 related topic with Alpha

Supermajority

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Requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority.

Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature.

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution requires a supermajority of two-thirds of members present and voting in each house of the Indian Parliament, subject to at least by a majority of the total membership of each House of Parliament, to amend the constitution.

In Turkey, constitutional amendments need a three fifths majority (360 votes) to be put forward to a referendum and a two-thirds majority (400 votes) to be ratified directly.