A report on Zakonopravilo, Constitution and Serbia in the Middle Ages

First page of St. Sava's Nomocanon, 1262 manuscript

Constitution of the Year XII (First French Republic)

Remains of Ras, medieval capital of Serbia (12th-13th century)

Fresco of Saint Sava, Studenica Monastery

Constitution of the Kingdom of Naples in 1848.

Serbian Orthodox Monastery of Dečani, built in the 14th century

Detail from Hammurabi's stele shows him receiving the laws of Babylon from the seated sun deity.

Diagram illustrating the classification of constitutions by Aristotle.

Byzantine provinces on the territory of modern Serbia during the 6th century

Third volume of the compilation of Catalan Constitutions of 1585

Principality of Serbia and other Slavic principalities in ca. 814 AD.

The Cossack Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, 1710.

Seal of prince Strojimir of Serbia, from the late 9th century

A painting depicting George Washington at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution

Byzantine Emperor Basil I receiving delegations of Serbs and Croats

Constitution of May 3, 1791 (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). Polish King Stanisław August (left, in regal ermine-trimmed cloak), enters St. John's Cathedral, where Sejm deputies will swear to uphold the new Constitution; in background, Warsaw's Royal Castle, where the Constitution has just been adopted.

Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in Stari Ras, finished in the 9th century

Presidential copy of the Russian Constitution.

Serbian Principality in the 10th century

Icon representing prince Jovan Vladimir, the first canonized Serb

Serbs massacre the Byzantines in the mountain passes, Madrid Skylitzes.

Serbian king Mihailo Vojislavljević. Fresco in the Church of Saint Michael in Ston

Seal of Constantine Bodin (11th century)

State of Constantine Bodin (c. undefined 1090)

Fresco of the grand župan Vukan, who established the Vukanović dynasty

Serbia on the map of Europe in 1135, during the reign of Uroš I

The medieval fresco of Saint Simeon (Stefan Nemanja) in Studenica Monastery

Map of Southeastern Europe in 1265, including the Medieval Kingdom of Serbia

The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex, by Paja Jovanović (1900)

States that emerged after the dissolution of Serbian Empire in the second half of the 14th century

Smederevo Fortress today. With its fall in 1459, the medieval Serbian state was extinguished.

Possible representation of Serbian nobleman Paskač and his family, monastery Psača near Kriva Palanka, North Macedonia. Dated middle of the 14th century.

Representation of the Radič, the Grand Čelnik in the Vraćevšnica monastery. Radič, the nobleman and a dignitary, lived in the 15th century.

Dušan's Code, the "constitution" of the 14th century Serbia

Medieval Serbian weapons The National Museum in Požarevac

The tradition of badnjak predates the Christianization, but the custom survived being incorporated into the modern celebration of Christmas

Miroslav Gospel, one of the oldest surviving documents written in Serbian recension of Church Slavonic, created by order of Prince Miroslav of Hum

Neumes - medieval musical notes by Serbian composer Kir Stefan the Serb, museum of Smederevo

Hemp fiber, once extensively used for the cloths by the commoners, today is rarely used as a fabric.

Serbian medieval noblewoman, National museum in Požarevac

Part of the fresco "Mourning of Anna Dandolo", which depicts noblemen in their attire

Modern rendering of the ancient cooking "under the sač"

Malvasia grapes, one of the most popular varieties in Medieval Serbia

Illustration from a 16th-century illustrated manuscript copy of the Mining Code, issued by despot Stefan Lazarević (d. 1427)

Approximate location of South Slavic tribes, per V. V. Sedov 1995.

This legal act was written in simple folk language and its basic purpose was to organize continuation and functioning of the Serbian kingdom and the Serbian church.

- Zakonopravilo

Today it is considered to be Serbia's first Serbian language church-state Constitution.

- Zakonopravilo

St. Sava's Nomocanon was the compilation of civil law, based on Roman Law, and canon law, based on Ecumenical Councils.

- Constitution

Its basic purpose was to organize the functioning of the young Serbian kingdom and the Serbian church.

- Constitution

In the same year Sava issued the first constitution in Serbia, the Zakonopravilo.

- Serbia in the Middle Ages

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Saint Sava

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Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat.

Sava blessing Serb youth, Uroš Predić (1921).

Crowning of Stefan, by Anastas Jovanović.

Sava reconciling his quarreling brothers, Paja Jovanović (1901)

Fresco detail of Saint Sava in Studenica Monastery, Serbia

Mar Saba, where Sava founded Serbian cells

Sava died ill on his way home from the Holy Land, on 12 January 1235, in Tarnovo, Bulgarian Empire.

Fresco from Saint Sava in Monastery Bogorodica Ljeviška

The burning of Saint Sava's relics by the Ottomans after the Banat Uprising, on April 27, 1595. Painting by Stevan Aleksić (1912)

1262 transcript of the Zakonopravilo (1220).

In 1219 the Patriarchate exiled in Nicea recognized him as the first Serbian Archbishop, and in the same year he authored the oldest known constitution of Serbia, the Zakonopravilo nomocanon, thus securing full independence; both religious and political.

In the same year Sava published Zakonopravilo (or "St. Sava's Nomocanon"), the first constitution of Serbia; thus the Serbs acquired both forms of independence: political and religious.

Sava was canonized, and his relics were considered miraculous; his cult remained throughout the Middle Ages and the Ottoman rule.