Constitution of Brazil and Related Topics

Brazil

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Largest country in both South America and Latin America.

Depiction of Pedro Álvares Cabral landing in Porto Seguro in 1500, ushering in more than 300 years of Portuguese rule of Colonial Brazil.

Painting showing the arrest of Tiradentes; he was sentenced to death for his involvement in the best known movement for independence in Colonial Brazil. Painting of 1914.

The Acclamation of King João VI of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in Rio de Janeiro, 6 February 1818

Declaration of the Brazilian independence by Prince Pedro (later Emperor Pedro I) on 7 September 1822.

Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil between 1831 and 1889.

Soldiers of the FEB, the only Latin American military force in World War II, in Massarosa, Italy, 1944.

Ulysses Guimarães holding the Constitution of 1988 in his hands

Coin of 1 real commemorating 25 years of Real Plan, which brought stability to the Brazilian economy after years of hyperinflation.

Rock formations and the Dedo de Deus (God's Finger) peak in the background, Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro state

Brazil map of Köppen climate classification zones

Female pantanal jaguar in Piquirí River, Mato Grosso. Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland area.

The Amazon rainforest, the most biodiverse rainforest in the world

Palácio do Planalto, the official workplace of the President of Brazil.

National Congress, seat of the legislative branch.

Supreme Federal Court of Brazil serves primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country

Itamaraty Palace, the seat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Field agents of the Federal Police's Tactical Operations Command.

A proportional representation of Brazil exports, 2019

SUS official symbol, the Brazilian publicly funded health care system

Historical building of the Federal University of Paraná, one of the oldest universities in Brazil, located in Curitiba.

Former President Dilma Rousseff at Jornal Nacional news program. Rede Globo is the world's second-largest commercial television network.

Population density of Brazilian municipalities

Immigration Museum of the State of São Paulo in the neighborhood of Mooca, in São Paulo city. The Italian Brazilians are 15% of the population and the largest Italian community outside Italy.

The Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro is one of the most famous religious statues worldwide

Museum of the Portuguese Language in São Paulo city, São Paulo.

Ocas of the Kuikuro people, Xingu Indigenous Park, Mato Grosso

Pomerode, Santa Catarina, is one of the municipalities with a cooficial language. In this region, Hunsrückisch and East Pomeranian, German dialects, are two of the minor languages (see Brazilian German).

Parade of Portela samba school at the Rio Carnival, the largest carnival in the world

Tom Jobim, one of the creators of bossa nova, and Chico Buarque, one of the leading names of MPB.

Machado de Assis, poet and novelist, founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

Festival de Gramado, the biggest film festival in the country

São Paulo Municipal Theater, significant both for its architectural value as well as for its historical importance.

Candido Portinari in 1962, one of the most important Brazilian painters

Players at the podium with the first Olympic Gold of the Brazil national football team, won in the 2016 Summer Olympics. Football is the most popular sport in the country.

Brazil's tropical primary (old-growth) forest loss greatly exceeds that of other countries (compare rectangular areas), though its percentage loss is about the median among the ten countries with the greatest loss.

Rock art at Serra da Capivara National Park, one of the largest and oldest concentrations of prehistoric sites in the Americas.

The Cathedral of Brasilia, designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer for the federal capital, an example of Modern architecture

Brazil's tropical primary (old-growth) forest loss greatly exceeds that of other countries

Feijoada is one of the main dishes of Brazilian cuisine

Augusto Boal presenting a workshop on the Theatre of the Oppressed at Riverside Church in New York City in 2008

Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic.

Federal government of Brazil

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National government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided in 26 states and a federal district.

Palácio do Planalto, headquarters of the Executive Branch of the Brazilian Government

Federal Senate of Brazil, the upper house

Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, the lower house

The Brazilian federal government is divided in three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts.

Military dictatorship in Brazil

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Established on 1 April 1964, after a coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces, with support from the United States government, against President João Goulart.

João Goulart, a lawyer, was the left-leaning President ousted by the Armed Forces. He went to Uruguay as a political refugee, where his family owned estâncias.

U.S. President John F. Kennedy (left) and President Goulart during a review of troops on 3 April 1962. Kennedy mulled possible military intervention in Brazil

A column of M41 Walker Bulldog tanks along the streets of Rio de Janeiro in April 1968.

Brazil: love it or leave it, a slogan of the military regime.

First page of the Institutional Act Number Five

Student stroll against the military dictatorship, 1966.

Monument Tortura Nunca Mais dedicated to the victims of torture in Recife

A Dodge 1800 was the first prototype engineered with a neat ethanol-only engine. Exhibit at the Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro, CTA, São José dos Campos.

The Brazilian Fiat 147 was the first modern automobile launched to the market capable of running on neat hydrous ethanol fuel (E100).

U.S. President Jimmy Carter addresses the Brazilian Congress, 30 March 1978

Pro-democracy Diretas Já demonstration in 1984.

Presidents Emílio G. Médici (left) and Richard Nixon, December 1971.

Figueiredo and U.S. President Ronald Reagan riding horses in Brasília, 1 December 1982.

In 1988, a new Constitution was passed and Brazil officially returned to democracy.

Supreme Federal Court

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Supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country.

The Justice, by Alfredo Ceschiatti in front of the Supreme Federal Court

The courtroom of the Supreme Federal Court

The Supreme Court lit up in pink for Breast Cancer Awareness Month on October 1, 2014

The proclamation of the Brazilian Declaration of Independence and the adoption of the Imperial Constitution in 1824 preceded the establishment of the Supreme Court of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça) in 1829.

Brasília

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Federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District.

The foundation stone of Brasilia, Hill of the Centenary, erected in the year of the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of Brazil's independence in 1922

Urban planner Lúcio Costa was the winner of the competition for the construction project of Brasília and played a key role in the city's landmarking.

Brasília in 1958. Only Asa Sul is already leased, and Ministries Esplanade is also visible.

Construction of the Ministries Esplanade in 1959

Buriti Palace, Seat of Government of the Federal District

Legislative Chamber of the Federal District building

Brazilian Flag and the National Congress in spring

Aerial view of South Wing (Asa Sul) district

Praça dos Três Poderes (Three Powers Plaza)

Institute of Biological Sciences (IB) of the University of Brasilia

Brasilia does not have mayor and councillors, because the article 32 of the 1988 Brazilian Constitution expressly prohibits that the Federal District be divided in municipalities.

Constitution

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Aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

Constitution of the Kingdom of Naples in 1848.

Detail from Hammurabi's stele shows him receiving the laws of Babylon from the seated sun deity.

Diagram illustrating the classification of constitutions by Aristotle.

Third volume of the compilation of Catalan Constitutions of 1585

The Cossack Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, 1710.

A painting depicting George Washington at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 signing of the U.S. Constitution

Constitution of May 3, 1791 (painting by Jan Matejko, 1891). Polish King Stanisław August (left, in regal ermine-trimmed cloak), enters St. John's Cathedral, where Sejm deputies will swear to uphold the new Constitution; in background, Warsaw's Royal Castle, where the Constitution has just been adopted.

Presidential copy of the Russian Constitution.

The term eternity clause is used in a similar manner in the constitutions of the Czech Republic, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Morocco, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Brazil and Norway.

Municipalities of Brazil

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The municipalities of Brazil (municípios do Brasil) are administrative divisions of the Brazilian states.

The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.

The States of Brazil, their respective flags, their state capitals, and their largest cities.

Federative units of Brazil

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The federative units of Brazil (unidades federativas do Brasil) are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy (self-government, self-regulation and self-collection) and endowed with their own government and constitution, which together form the Federative Republic of Brazil.

1534 Captaincies of Brazil{{efn|This map names the eastern captaincy of Maranhão as Piauí, and does not show the captaincy of the island of São João.}}

1709–1720/1761–1779 Expansion and mergers{{efn|This anachronistic map shows the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas de Ouro from its foundation in 1709 to its first split in 1720, and the captaincies of Bahia and Pernambuco from the last merger with their surrounding captaincies in 1761 to their first following split in 1779. The captaincy of Rio Grande de São Pedro was subordinated to Rio de Janeiro from its foundation in 1760 to 1807. The captaincies of Maranhão and Grão-Pará remained unchanged during this whole period.}}

1889 States at the start of the republic{{efn|This map shows the entire future territory of Guaporé and state of Rondônia as part of Mato Grosso, but its northwest portion was part of Amazonas.<ref>Map of Brazil, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, November 1940. {{in lang|pt}}</ref>}}

The Brazilian constitution of 1988 created the state of Tocantins from the northern portion of Goiás, established Amapá and Roraima as states, and returned the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha to Pernambuco.