Control unit
Component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor.
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Von Neumann architecture
Instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time .
A control unit that includes an instruction register and a program counter
Arithmetic logic unit
Arithmetic logic unit is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers.
For example, a CPU begins an ALU addition operation by routing operands from their sources (which are usually registers) to the ALU's operand inputs, while the control unit simultaneously applies a value to the ALU's opcode input, configuring it to perform addition.
Instruction cycle
Cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions.
During the decode stage, the control unit (CU) will decode the instruction in the CIR.
Central processing unit
Electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program.
Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic–logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution of instructions by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components.
Instruction set architecture
Instruction set architecture , also called computer architecture, is an abstract model of a computer.
There are two basic ways to build a control unit to implement this description (although many designs use middle ways or compromises):
X86
Family of complex instruction set computer instruction set architectures initially developed by Intel based on the Intel 8086 microprocessor and its 8088 variant.
These are then handed to a control unit that buffers and schedules them in compliance with x86-semantics so that they can be executed, partly in parallel, by one of several (more or less specialized) execution units.
Computer program
Sequence of instructions in a programming language that a computer can execute or interpret.
(Advances in hardware have migrated these operations to hardware execution circuits.) Microcode instructions allow the programmer to more easily implement the digital logic level —the computer's real hardware.
Microassembler
Computer program that helps prepare a microprogram, called firmware, to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor.
After it is assembled, the microprogram is then loaded to a control store to become part of the logic of a CPU's control unit.
Digital electronics
Field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them.
The control unit of a computer is usually designed as a microprogram run by a microsequencer.
Adder–subtractor
Adder–subtractor is a circuit that is capable of adding or subtracting numbers .
The control unit decides which operations an ALU should perform (based on the op code being executed) and sets the ALU operation.