A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins
Before the Morphine by Santiago Rusiñol
Morphine Hydrochloride Ampoule for Veterinary Use
Latex bleeding from a freshly-scored seed pod
Morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy
Chemical structure of morphine. The benzylisoquinoline backbone is shown in green.
Morphine structure showing its standard ring lettering and carbon numbering system.
Same structure, but in a three-dimensional perspective.
First generation production of alkaloids from licit latex-derived opium
Friedrich Sertürner
Advertisement for curing morphine addiction, c. 1900
An ampoule of morphine with integral needle for immediate use. Also known as a "syrette". From WWII. On display at the Army Medical Services Museum.
Example of different morphine tablets
Two capsules (5 mg & 10 mg) of morphine sulfate extended- release
1 milliliter ampoule containing 10 mg of morphine

3) Morphine (7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol)

- Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

It is a Schedule II drug in the United States, Class A in the United Kingdom, and Schedule I in Canada.

- Morphine
A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins

6 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Oxycodone

5 links

Semi-synthetic opioid medication used for treatment of moderate to severe pain.

Semi-synthetic opioid medication used for treatment of moderate to severe pain.

A liquid solution containing 10mg of oxycodone per 1ml
Main side effects of oxycodone
Two tablets (10 mg) of oxycodone and safety blisters
Canadian oxycodone HCL/acetaminophen 5/325 mg tablet

When taken by mouth, it has roughly 1.5 times the effect of the equivalent amount of morphine.

Oxycodone is a controlled substance under Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA).

Heroin paraphernalia in a Jack Daniels tin

Heroin

4 links

Opioid used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

Opioid used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

Heroin paraphernalia in a Jack Daniels tin
Advertising sign from Bayer for use in US drug stores, dating from before the federal prohibition of Heroin in 1924
A 2010 study ranking various illegal and legal drugs based on statements by drug-harm experts. Heroin was found to be the second overall most dangerous drug.
Short-term effects of usage
Long-term effects of intravenous usage, including – and indeed primarily because of – the effects of the contaminants common in illegal heroin and contaminated needles.
Black tar heroin
Advertisement for Bayer Heroin
Bayer Heroin bottle
International drug routes
Afghanistan opium poppy cultivation, 1994–2016 (hectares)
Primary worldwide producers of heroin
Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science, epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in delphic analysis regarding 20 popular recreational drugs. Heroin was ranked 1st in dependence, physical harm, and social harm.
Drug overdoses killed more than 70,200 in the US in 2017, with heroin involved in 15,482 of those deaths.<ref name=NIDA-deaths>{{cite web | url = http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates | title = Overdose Death Rates | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151128091723/http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates | archive-date=28 November 2015 | work = National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) }}</ref>
US yearly overdose deaths involving heroin.<ref name=NIDA-deaths/>
US yearly deaths from all opioid drugs. Included in this number are opioid analgesics, along with heroin and illicit .<ref name=NIDA-deaths/>

Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin.

On 26 August 2016, Health Canada issued regulations amending prior regulations it had issued under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act; the "New Classes of Practitioners Regulations", the "Narcotic Control Regulations", and the "Food and Drug Regulations", to allow doctors to prescribe diamorphine to people who have a severe opioid addiction who have not responded to other treatments.

The recreational drug lean can be created with codeine syrup (pictured).

Codeine

4 links

The recreational drug lean can be created with codeine syrup (pictured).

Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.

In Canada, codeine is regulated under the Narcotic Control Regulations (NCR), which falls under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA).

Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market.

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

3 links

International treaty that controls activities (production, supply, trade, use) of specific narcotic drugs and establishes a system of regulations (licenses, measures for treatment, research, etc.) for their medical and scientific uses.

International treaty that controls activities (production, supply, trade, use) of specific narcotic drugs and establishes a system of regulations (licenses, measures for treatment, research, etc.) for their medical and scientific uses.

Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market.
The Single Convention was the first international treaty to prohibit cannabis.
Under Article 37, "Any drugs, substances and equipment used in or intended for the commission of any of the offenses . . . shall be liable to seizure and confiscation."
Different nations have drawn different conclusions as to whether the treaty requires criminalization of drug possession for personal use.
Articles 23 and 28 of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs require cannabis-producing nations to have a government agency that controls cultivation.

Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin, and cocaine.

Narcotic Drugs under International Control ("Yellow List") The chemical name and structure of each substance under the control of the Treaty. Correlates the drugs and substances controlled by the Treaty with those named in the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and the US Controlled Substances Act.

Thebaine

2 links

Opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt.

Opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt.

A minor constituent of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects.

Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom, is controlled as an analog of a Schedule II drug per the Analog Act in the United States, and is controlled with its derivatives and salts, as a Schedule I substance of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in Canada.

Fentanyl

2 links

Powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.

Powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.

A fentanyl nasal spray with a strength of 100 μg per use
A fentanyl transdermal patch with a release rate of 12 micrograms per hour, on a person's arm
US yearly overdose deaths, and some of the drugs involved. Among the more than 70,200 deaths estimated in 2017, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (other ) with over 28,400 overdose deaths.
US yearly deaths involving other, predominantly fentanyl.
A package of 30 tablets, 600 mcg of fentanyl, each
Fentanyl powder (23% fentanyl) seized by a sheriff

It is around 100 times stronger than morphine and about 50 times stronger than heroin.

In Canada, fentanyl is considered a schedule I drug as listed in Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.