Criminal law
Body of law that relates to crime.
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Crime
Unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.
The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.
Private law
That part of a civil law legal system which is part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts , and the law of obligations (as it is called in civil legal systems).
It is to be distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order.
Law
System of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
Public law concerns government and society, including constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law.
Code of Hammurabi
Babylonian legal text composed c. undefined 1755–1750 BC. It is the longest, best-organised, and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East.
Their scope is broad, including, for example, criminal law, family law, property law, and commercial law.
Tort
Civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act.
Tort claims may be compared to criminal law, which deals with criminal wrongs that are punishable by the state.
Probation
Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by the court often in lieu of incarceration.
House arrest
Measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to their residence.
While house arrest can be applied to criminal cases when prison does not seem an appropriate measure, the term is often applied to the use of house confinement as a measure of repression by authoritarian governments against political dissidents.
Strict liability
In criminal and civil law, strict liability is a standard of liability under which a person is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the part of the defendant.
Criminal justice
Delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes.
Criminal law is concerned with actions which are dangerous or harmful to society as a whole, in which prosecution is pursued not by an individual but rather by the state.
Intention (criminal law)
In criminal law, intent is a subjective state of mind that must accompany the acts of certain crimes to constitute a violation.