A report on Ganymede (moon) and Cryovolcano

Doom Mons, one of the most reliably identified cryovolcanoes on Saturn's moon Titan

Size comparison of Earth, the Moon (top left), and Ganymede (bottom left)

Plumes of Enceladus, feeding Saturn's E Ring, seem to arise from the "Tiger Stripes" near the south pole.

Laplace resonance of Ganymede, Europa, and Io (conjunctions are highlighted by color changes)

Depiction of Ganymede centered over 45° W. longitude; dark areas are Perrine (upper) and Nicholson (lower) regiones; prominent craters are Tros (upper right) and Cisti (lower left).

Three high-resolution views of Ganymede taken by Voyager 1 near closest approach on July 9, 1979.

Tros crater, taken by Juno on 7 June 2021.

Enhanced-color Galileo spacecraft image of Ganymede's trailing hemisphere. The crater Tashmetum's prominent rays are at lower right, and the large ejecta field of Hershef at upper right. Part of dark Nicholson Regio is at lower left, bounded on its upper right by Harpagia Sulcus.

The craters Gula and Achelous (bottom), in the grooved terrain of Ganymede, with ejecta "pedestals" and ramparts.

Artist's cut-away representation of the internal structure of Ganymede. Layers drawn to scale.

Aurorae on Ganymede—auroral belt shifting may indicate a subsurface saline ocean.

A sharp boundary divides the ancient dark terrain of Nicholson Regio from the younger, finely striated bright terrain of Harpagia Sulcus.

Hubble Space Telescope image of Ganymede taken in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hubble Finds First Evidence of Water Vapour at Jupiter's Moon Ganymede|url=https://esahubble.org/news/heic2107/|access-date=August 3, 2021}}</ref>

Infrared image of Ganymede taken during the Juno flyby in July 2021. Image Credits: A. Mura -Juno/JIRAM - ASI/INAF/JPL-Caltech/SwRI

Indirect evidence of cryovolcanic activity was later observed on several other icy moons of the Solar System, including Europa, Titan, Ganymede, and Miranda.

- Cryovolcano

Cryovolcanism is thought to have played only a minor role, if any.

- Ganymede (moon)

2 related topics with Alpha

Pictured in 2012 in natural color. The thick atmosphere is orange due to a dense haze.

Titan (moon)

0 links

Largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest natural satellite in the Solar System.

Christiaan Huygens discovered Titan in 1655.

Titan's orbit (highlighted in red) among the other large inner moons of Saturn. The moons outside its orbit are (from the outside to the inside) Iapetus and Hyperion; those inside are Rhea, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, and Mimas.

True-color image of layers of haze in Titan's atmosphere

Trace organic gases in Titan's atmosphere—HNC (left) and HC3N (right).

False-color Cassini radar mosaic of Titan's north polar region. Blue coloring indicates low radar reflectivity, caused by hydrocarbon seas, lakes and tributary networks filled with liquid ethane, methane and dissolved . About half of the large body at lower left, Kraken Mare, is shown. Ligeia Mare is at lower right.

Mosaic of three Huygens images of channel system on Titan

Near-infrared radiation from the Sun reflecting off Titan's hydrocarbon seas

Radar image of a 139 km-diameter impact crater on Titan's surface, showing a smooth floor, rugged rim, and possibly a central peak.

Ligeia Mare – SAR and clearer despeckled views.

Near-infrared image of Tortola Facula, thought to be a possible cryovolcano

False-color VIMS image of the possible cryovolcano Sotra Patera, combined with a 3D map based on radar data, showing 1000-meter-high peaks and a 1500-meter-deep crater.

Sand dunes in the Namib Desert on Earth (top), compared with dunes in Belet on Titan

Titan - three dust storms detected in 2009–2010.

Voyager 1 view of haze on Titan's limb (1980)

Cassini's Titan flyby radio signal studies (artist's concept)

The balloon proposed for the Titan Saturn System Mission (artistic rendition)

Global map of Titan – with IAU labels (August 2016).

It is the second-largest moon in the Solar System after Jupiter's moon Ganymede, and is larger than the planet Mercury, but only 40% as massive.

The geologically young surface is generally smooth, with few impact craters, although mountains and several possible cryovolcanoes have been found.

Europa's trailing hemisphere in approximate natural colour. The prominent crater in the lower right is Pwyll and the darker regions are areas where Europa's primarily water ice surface has a higher mineral content. Imaged on 7 September 1996 by Galileo spacecraft.

Europa (moon)

0 links

Smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 80 known moons of Jupiter.

Animation of the Laplace resonance of Io, Europa and Ganymede (conjunctions are highlighted by color changes)

Size comparison of Europa (lower left) with the Moon (top left) and Earth (right)

Approximate natural color (left) and enhanced color (right) Galileo view of leading hemisphere

Realistic-color Galileo mosaic of Europa's anti-Jovian hemisphere showing numerous lineae

$Enhanced-color view showing the intricate pattern of linear fractures on Europa's surface$

Europa - internal structure
(artwork; 25 May 2021)

Closeup views of Europa obtained on 26 September 1998; images clockwise from upper left show locations from north to south as indicated at lower left.

Water plumes on Europa detected by the Galileo space probe

Photo composite of suspected water plumes on Europa

Magnetic field around Europa. The red line shows a trajectory of the Galileo spacecraft during a typical flyby (E4 or E14).

A black smoker in the Atlantic Ocean. Driven by geothermal energy, this and other types of hydrothermal vents create chemical disequilibria that can provide energy sources for life.

Europa – possible effect of radiation on biosignature chemicals

The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) is a mission to Ganymede that is due to launch in 2023 and will include two flybys of Europa.

Impurities in the water ice crust of Europa are presumed both to emerge from the interior as cryovolcanic events that resurface the body, and to accumulate from space as interplanetary dust.