Cyprus and Related Topics

Nicosia

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St. Sophia Cathedral, Nicosia, which was built during rule by the House of Lusignan and later converted to a mosque, exemplifies the Gothic architecture in Nicosia.

Map of Nicosia in Cyprus, created in 1597

Extensions to the Nicosia municipal area

Scheme for new pedestrianized streets in old Nicosia implemented after 2004

Verandas in old Nicosia, on the right Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia

Nicosia Municipality building at Eleftheria Square

The World of Cyprus, an acrylic painting with a total length of 17.5 meters by Adamantios Diamantis in Leventis Gallery

Section of the modern buildings of the University of Cyprus (UCY)

An entrance to the Melkonian Educational Institute

Start of Quantum Nicosia Marathon 2010 at the Famagusta Gate

Christopher A. Pissarides, Nobel Prize winner in Economics

Nicosia (Λευκωσία ; Lefkoşa ; Նիկոսիա, romanized: Nikosia; Cypriot Arabic: Nikusiya ) is the largest city, capital, and seat of government of Cyprus.

Turkey

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Transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.

Some henges at Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 9600 BC, predating those of Stonehenge, England, by over seven millennia.

The Great Seljuk Empire in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I

The Second Ottoman Siege of Vienna in 1683 (the First Siege was in 1529) initiated the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) between the Ottomans and a Holy League of European states.

Armenian civilians being deported during the Armenian genocide

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first President of the Turkish Republic, with the Liberal Republican Party leader Fethi Okyar (right) and Okyar's daughter in Yalova, 13 August 1930.

Eighteen female deputies joined the Turkish Parliament with the 1935 general elections. Turkish women gained the right to vote and to hold elected office as a mark of the far-reaching social changes initiated by Atatürk.

Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference, 1943.

Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara, is visited by large crowds every year during national holidays, such as Republic Day on 29 October.

Istanbul Çağlayan Justice Palace is a courthouse in the Şişli district of Istanbul.

After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005.

The Turkish Armed Forces collectively rank as the second-largest standing military force in NATO, after the US Armed Forces. Turkey joined the alliance in 1952.

The 2015 G20 Summit held in Antalya, Turkey, a founding member of the OECD (1961) and G20 (1999).

TAI Anka and Bayraktar TB2 are the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) used by the Turkish Armed Forces.

TCG Anadolu (L-400) is an amphibious assault ship-aircraft carrier developed for the Turkish Navy

Feminist demonstration in Kadıköy, Istanbul on 29 July 2017

Turkish journalists protesting the imprisonment of their colleagues on Human Rights Day in 2016.

Istanbul Pride organized in 2003 for the first time. Since 2015, parades in Istanbul were denied permission by the government. The denials were based on security concerns, but critics claimed the bans were ideological. Despite the refusal hundreds of people defied the ban each year.

Sumela Monastery in the Pontic Mountains, which form an ecoregion with diverse temperate rainforest types, flora and fauna in northern Anatolia.

A white Turkish Angora cat with odd eyes (heterochromia), which is common among the Angoras.

Istanbul is the largest city and financial centre of Turkey.

A proportional representation of Turkey's exports, 2019

Istanbul Airport main terminal building has an annual passenger capacity of 90 million and making it the world's largest airport terminal building under a single roof.

A TCDD HT80000 high-speed train of the Turkish State Railways

Göktürk-1, Göktürk-2 and Göktürk-3 are the Earth observation satellites of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense, while state-owned Türksat operates the Türksat series of communications satellites.

Total fertility rate in Turkey by province (2021)

CIA map of areas with a Kurdish majority

Sancaklar Mosque is a contemporary mosque in Istanbul

The Church of St. Anthony of Padua on İstiklal Avenue, in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul. There are 234 active churches in the city.

Istanbul Technical University is the world's third-oldest technical university.

Istanbul University was founded in 1453 as a Darülfünûn. On 1 August 1933 it was reorganised and became the Republic's first university.

Acıbadem Hospital in Altunizade neighborhood of Üsküdar, İstanbul

Ortaköy Mosque is a good example of the Westernisation of Islamic-Ottoman architecture. Many Baroque architecture elements can be seen in it.

Ottoman miniature which can be linked to the Persian miniature tradition, as well as strong Chinese artistic influences.

Namık Kemal's works had a profound influence on Atatürk and other Turkish statesmen who established the Turkish Republic.

Nobel-laureate Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk and his Turkish Angora cat at his personal writing space

Süreyya Opera House is situated in the Asian side of Istanbul and Atatürk Cultural Center is the main Opera House in the European side of the city.

Referred to as Süperstar by the Turkish media, Ajda Pekkan is a prominent figure of Turkish pop music, with a career spanning decades and a repertoire of diverse musical styles.

Barış Manço was a Turkish rock musician and one of the founders of the Anatolian rock genre.

Turkey won the silver medal at the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

VakıfBank S.K. has won the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in 2017 and 2018, and the 2017–18 CEV Women's Champions League for the fourth time in their history.

TRT World is the international news platform of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation.

The closing ceremony of the annual International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival takes place at the Aspendos amphitheatre.

Cyprus is located off the south coast.

An early sixteenth century (ca.1521–25) map of Cyprus by the Ottoman cartographer Piri Reis

Turkish Cypriots

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A miniature painting depicting the landing of Ottoman soldiers at Limassol Castle during the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus (1570–71)

The Ottoman Turks built Büyük Han in 1572. Today it has become a thriving center of Turkish Cypriot culture.

The Bekir Pasha Aqueduct was built by the Ottoman governor Ebubekir Pasha in 1747. It is considered to be the most prominent water supply ever built in Cyprus.

A Cypriot woman in traditional Turkish fashion, 1878

Mehmet Remzi Okan with his wife and children in 1919 during the Turkish War of Independence. The family were Turkish Cypriots who owned the newspaper Söz Gazetesi.

An old Turkish Cypriot "mahalle" (quarter) in Paphos (1969)

The northern areas of the island of Cyprus administered by Turkish Cypriots

The Hala Sultan Tekke was built by the Ottomans in the 18th century.

A Turkish Cypriot family who migrated to Turkey in 1935

There is a strong Turkish Cypriot community in London.

Kamran Aziz, first female Turkish Cypriot composer and pharmacist.

Mehmet Aziz, {{postnominals|country=GBR|CBE|size=100%}}, Chief Health Inspector in British Cyprus who eradicated malaria in Cyprus

Rauf Denktaş, first President of Northern Cyprus (1983-2005).

İsmet Güney, artist and creator of the Flag of the Republic of Cyprus

Suat Günsel, billionaire; founder of the Near East University

Dr.Fazıl Küçük, first Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus (1959-73)

Niyazi Kızılyürek, political scientist and first Turkish Cypriot elected as an MEP (2019-present)

Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1854; 1859; and 1860–61)

Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1885-1891; 1895; 1908–09; and 1912–13)

Sibel Siber, first female Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2013)

Aziz Behich, Australian-born football player

Hussein Bicar, Egyptian-born artist<ref>{{citation|year=2017|title=من هو حسين بيكار الذي يحتفل غوغل بميلاده اليوم؟|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/last-page/2017/01/02/من-هو-حسين-بيكار-الذي-يحتفل-غوغل-بميلاده-اليوم؟.html|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=6 September 2017|quote=ولد حسين أمين بيكار في 2 كانون الثاني /يناير من عام 1913، وتوفي في 16 نوفمبر 2002، وهو فنان تشكيلي مصري من أصل قبرصي تركي.}}</ref>

Hussein Chalayan, {{post-nominals|size=100%|MBE}}, Turkish Cypriot-born British fashion designer

Tracey Emin, CBE, RA, British-born artist

Halil Güven, Turkish Cypriot-born American Dean of San Diego State University - Georgia

Meral Hussein-Ece, {{postnominals|country=GBR|OBE|size=100%}}, British-born member of the House of Lords

Hal Ozsan, Turkish Cypriot-born British and American actor

Natalie Suleyman, RP, Australian-born politician

Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, Egyptian-born Queen of Jordan (1951-52)<ref>{{citation|year=2015|title=Jordan remembers Queen Zein|url=http://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-remembers-queen-zein-2|quote=Queen Zein was born on August 2, 1916, the daughter of Sharif Jamil Bin Nasser, governor of Huran and nephew of Sharif Hussein Bin Ali of Mecca, and Wijdan Hanim, daughter of Shakir Pasha, governor of Cyprus.|publisher=Jordan Times|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref>

Fatih Terim, Turkish-born former manager of the Turkey national football team and current manager of Galatasaray.

Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks (Kıbrıs Türkleri or Kıbrıslı Türkler; Τουρκοκύπριοι) are mostly ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus.

Northern Cyprus

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De facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus.

Fazıl Küçük, former Turkish Cypriot leader and former Vice-President of Cyprus

Sarayönü Square of North Nicosia in 1969, after the division of the city

Rauf Denktaş, founder and former President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Atatürk Square, North Nicosia in 2006, with the Northern Cyprus and Turkish flags.

Ersin Tatar, the President of Northern Cyprus

London office of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Bedford Square.

Mustafa Akıncı with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, 2 October 2015

Turkish Cypriot soldiers of the Security Forces Command perform during a Republic Day parade.

The law courts building in North Nicosia

Panoramic view of the Güzelyurt District, and Morphou Bay as seen from the Troodos mountains.

Wild Cyprus donkeys inhabit the mainly remote northeastern region of the İskele District.

Kyrenia (Girne) is one of the main tourist resorts in Northern Cyprus. Tourism is one of the dominant sectors of the Northern Cyprus' economy.

Panoramic view of the Kyrenia Harbour, with the Venetian-era Kyrenia Castle on the far left, and the Kyrenia Mountains in the background

Casino tourism is one of the major sectors of the North Cyprus economy.

The Ercan International Airport serves as the main port of entry into Northern Cyprus.

Turkish Cypriot children in the walled part of North Nicosia

Girne American University in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus

Ziynet Sali is a Turkish Cypriot pop singer famous in Turkey and Northern Cyprus.

Turkish Cypriot children, dressed in traditional clothing, preparing for a folk-dance show

An early Turkish Cypriot theatre group, 1880s

Nicosia Atatürk Stadium is the largest stadium in Northern Cyprus.

Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus is considered by the international community to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.

Greece

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Country in Southeast Europe.

The entrance of the Treasury of Atreus (13th BC) in Mycenae

Herodotus (c. 484 BC—c. 425 BC), often considered the "father of history"

Fresco displaying the Minoan ritual of "bull leaping", found in Knossos

Greek territories and colonies during the Archaic period (750–550 BC)

The Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens, icon of classical Greece.

Alexander the Great, whose conquests led to the Hellenistic Age.

Map of Alexander's short-lived empire (334–323 BC). After his death the lands were divided between the Diadochi

The Antikythera mechanism (c. 100 BC) is considered to be the first known mechanical analog computer (National Archaeological Museum, Athens).

A view from the ancient royal Macedonian tombs in Vergina

The Odeon of Herodes Atticus in Athens, built in 161 AD

Dome of Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki (8th century), one of the 15 UNESCO's Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of the city

The Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, originally built in the late 7th century as a Byzantine citadel and beginning from 1309 used by the Knights Hospitaller as an administrative centre

The Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire after the death of Basil II in 1025

The Byzantine castle of Angelokastro successfully repulsed the Ottomans during the First Great Siege of Corfu in 1537, the siege of 1571, and the Second Great Siege of Corfu in 1716, causing them to abandon their plans to conquer Corfu.

The White Tower of Thessaloniki, one of the best-known Ottoman structures remaining in Greece.

The sortie (exodus) of Messolonghi, depicting the Third Siege of Missolonghi, painted by Theodoros Vryzakis.

The Battle of Navarino in 1827 secured Greek independence.

The Entry of King Otto in Athens, painted by Peter von Hess in 1839.

The territorial evolution of the Kingdom of Greece from 1832 to 1947.

Hellenic Army formation in the World War I Victory Parade in Arc de Triomphe, Paris, July 1919.

Map of Greater Greece after the Treaty of Sèvres, when the Megali Idea seemed close to fulfillment, featuring Eleftherios Venizelos as its supervising genius.

People in Athens celebrate the liberation from the Axis powers, October 1944. Postwar Greece would soon experience a civil war and political polarization.

Signing at Zappeion by Constantine Karamanlis of the documents for the accession of Greece to the European Communities in 1979.

Navagio (shipwreck) bay, Zakynthos island

The Greek mainland and several small islands seen from Nydri, Lefkada

Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece and mythical abode of the Gods of Olympus

The building of the Hellenic Parliament (Old Royal Palace) in central Athens.

Count Ioannis Kapodistrias, first governor, founder of the modern Greek State, and distinguished European diplomat

Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister since 2019

Representation through:
embassy
embassy in another country
general consulate
no representation
Greece

A proportional representation of Greece exports, 2019

Greece's debt percentage since 1977, compared to the average of the Eurozone

Sun-drying of Zante currant on Zakynthos

Solar-power generation potential in Greece

Greek companies control 16.2% of the world's total merchant fleet making it the largest in the world. They are ranked in the top 5 for all kinds of ships, including first for tankers and bulk carriers.

Santorini, a popular tourist destination, is ranked as the world's top island in many travel magazines and sites.

The Rio–Antirrio bridge connects mainland Greece to the Peloponnese.

Thessaloniki Science Center and Technology Museum

Georgios Papanikolaou, a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection

Hermoupolis, on the island of Syros, is the capital of the Cyclades.

Regions with a traditional presence of languages other than Greek. Today, Greek is the dominant language throughout the country.

A map of the fifty countries with the largest Greek diaspora communities.

The Academy of Athens is Greece's national academy and the highest research establishment in the country.

The Ionian Academy in Corfu, the first academic institution of modern Greece.

The Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus, still used for theatrical plays.

Close-up of the Charioteer of Delphi, a celebrated statue from the 5th century BC.

Towerhouses of Vatheia in Mani peninsula

Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù, the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece

Parnassos Literary Society, painted by Georgios Roilos (Kostis Palamas is at the center)

Cretan dancers of traditional folk music

Rebetes in Karaiskaki, Piraeus (1933). Left Markos Vamvakaris with bouzouki.

Mikis Theodorakis was one of the most popular and significant Greek composers

Theodoros Angelopoulos, winner of the Palme d'Or in 1998, notable director in the history of the European cinema

Spyridon Louis entering the Panathenaic Stadium at the end of the marathon; 1896 Summer Olympics.

Angelos Charisteas scoring Greece's winning goal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final

The Greek national basketball team in 2008. Twice European champions (1987 and 2005) and second in the world in 2006

Procession in honor of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (15 August)

While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively.

Limassol

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View of Kolossi Castle built in 1210 by the Frankish military.

The Limassol Medieval Castle was rebuilt in 1590 by the Ottomans.

Limassol old town with British colonial architecture

Angela Merkel and Nicos Anastasiades attending the EPP summit in Limassol in 2013

Fasouri Watermania, Cyprus' biggest waterpark

The Cypriot Carnival Festival in Limassol

Limassol (Λεμεσός ; Limasol or Leymosun) is a city on the southern coast of Cyprus and capital of the district with the same name.

Ottoman admiral, geographer and cartographer Piri Reis' historical map of Cyprus

Cyprus problem

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Ongoing dispute between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots.

A Greek Cypriot demonstration in the 1930s in favour of Enosis (union) with Greece

The north–south checkpoint has been open since 2003

Proposed flag of the United Republic of Cyprus

Former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan was the creator of the Annan plan.

Greek Cypriot negotiator Andreas Mavroyiannis and the Turkish Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs Feridun Sinirlioğlu, in Ankara, within the scope of the 2014 Cyprus talks

Under the control of the Republic of Cyprus
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Turkey
Greece

Although the Republic of Cyprus is recognised by the international community as the sole legitimate state, the north is under the de facto administration of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, on which the Turkish Armed Forces are stationed.

Enosis

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Movement of various Greek communities that live outside Greece for incorporation of the regions that they inhabit into the Greek state.

Map showing Greek territorial gains between 1832 and 1947

Reported declared Greeks in the 2011 Albanian Census; Greeks and other groups are thought to have been underrepresented in numbers due to boycott and irregularities.

Allied troops marching during the Occupation of Constantinople

Partition of the Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of Sèvres

Photo of the Great fire of Smyrna (1922)

A widely known example of enosis is the movement within Greek Cypriots for a union of Cyprus with Greece.

From left to right, traditional costumes of a Greek monk from the Kykkos Monastery, and of Christian residents from Famagusta.

Greek Cypriots

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Ethnic distribution in 1973. Gold denotes land with Greek Cypriots, purple shows Turkish Cypriot enclaves, and red denotes British bases.

The pink areas are administered by Greek Cypriots.

Ioannis Kigalas (1622–1687), Nicosian-born scholar and professor of Philosophy who was largely active in Padova and Venice.

Greek Cypriots or Cypriot Greeks (Ελληνοκύπριοι, Kıbrıs Rumları) are the ethnic Greek population of Cyprus, forming the island's largest ethnolinguistic community.

1974 Cypriot coup d'état

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The 1974 coup d'état in Cyprus was a military coup d'état by the Greek Army in Cyprus, the Cypriot National Guard and the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.

A report on Cyprus

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