The pink regions are the net loss to society caused by the existence of the tariff
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States (1829–1837) and the first Democratic president.
Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States (1861–1865) and the first Republican to hold the office
David Ricardo
Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States (1837–1841) and the second Democratic president.
Charles R. Jennison, an anti-slavery militia leader associated with the Jayhawkers from Kansas and an early Republican politician in the region
Average tariff rates in France, the United Kingdom and the United States
Senator Stephen A. Douglas
Ulysses S. Grant, 18th president of the United States (1869–1877)
Britain waged two Opium Wars to force China to legalize the opium trade and to open all of China to British merchants
The 1885 inauguration of Grover Cleveland, the only president with non-consecutive terms
James G. Blaine, 28th & 31st Secretary of State (1881; 1889–1892)
Singapore is the top country in the Enabling Trade Index
Leaders of the Democratic Party during the first half of the 20th century on 14 June 1913: Secretary of State William J. Bryan, Josephus Daniels, President Woodrow Wilson, Breckinridge Long, William Phillips, and Franklin D. Roosevelt
William McKinley, 25th president of the United States (1897–1901)
George W. Bush and Hu Jintao of China meet while attending an APEC summit in Santiago de Chile, 2004
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, 32nd and 33rd presidents of the United States (1933–1945; 1945–1953), featured on a campaign poster for the 1944 presidential election
Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States (1901–1909)
The European Union–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement would form one of the world's largest free trade areas.
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, 35th and 36th presidents of the United States (1961–1963, 1963–1969)
Herbert Hoover, 31st president of the United States (1929–1933)
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Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States (1977–1981), delivering the State of the Union Address in 1979
Ronald Reagan, 40th president of the United States (1981–1989)
Map of colonial empires in 1945
Bill Clinton, 42nd president of the United States (1993–2001), at The Pentagon in 1998
Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States (2017–2021)
Barack Obama speaking to College Democrats of America in 2007
Calvin Coolidge, 30th president of the United States (1923–1929)
President Barack Obama meeting with the Blue Dog Coalition in the State Dining Room of the White House in 2009
Arnold Schwarzenegger, 38th governor of California (2003–2011)
Eleanor Roosevelt at the 1956 Democratic National Convention in Chicago
John McCain, United States senator from Arizona (1987–2018)
President Barack Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law at the White House on March 23, 2010
Donald Rumsfeld, 21st United States Secretary of Defense (2001–2006)
Secretary of State John Kerry addressing delegates at the United Nations before signing the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016
Colin Powell, 65th United States Secretary of State (2001–2005)
Shirley Chisholm was the first major-party African American candidate to run nationwide primary campaigns.
Newt Gingrich, 50th Speaker of the House of Representatives (1995–1999)
President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Immigration Act of 1965 as Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Senators Edward M. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and others look on
Annual population growth in the U.S. by county - 2010s
Then-Senator Barack Obama shaking hands with an American soldier in Basra, Iraq in 2008
This map shows the vote in the 2020 presidential election by county.
President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in 1978
Political Spectrum Libertarian Left    Centrist   Right  Authoritarian
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meeting with President Barack Obama at Ben Gurion Airport in 2013
U.S. opinion on gun control issues is deeply divided along political lines, as shown in this 2021 survey.
Self-identified Democrats (blue) versus self-identified Republicans (red) (January–June 2010 data)
Higher percentages of Democrats than Republicans are members of union households.
Elected at age 33, Jon Ossoff is currently the youngest member of the U.S. Senate.
Hillary Clinton was the first woman to be nominated for president by a major party.
Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg
Vice President Kamala Harris
Julián Castro served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
U.S. Senator Tammy Duckworth
Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland
Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi
U.S. Senator Kyrsten Sinema
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer
U.S. opinion on gun control issues is deeply divided along political lines, as shown in this 2021 survey.

Its main political rival has been the Republican Party since the 1850s.

- Democratic Party (United States)

Since the mid-1850s, it has been the main political rival of the Democratic Party.

- Republican Party (United States)

Before 1860, the Democratic Party supported powerful and active executive governance, the slave power, agrarianism, expansionism, and Manifest Destiny while opposing the establishment of a national bank, protectionism, and the conservative views of their National Republican and Whig rivals.

- Democratic Party (United States)

It has grown increasingly supportive of free trade since the 20th century.

- Republican Party (United States)

The opposition Democratic Party contested several elections throughout the 1830s, 1840s and 1850s in part over the issue of the tariff and protection of industry.

- Free trade

The fledgling Republican Party led by Abraham Lincoln, who called himself a "Henry Clay tariff Whig", strongly opposed free trade and implemented a 44% tariff during the Civil War, in part to pay for railroad subsidies and for the war effort and in part to protect favored industries.

- Free trade

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North American Free Trade Agreement

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Agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

Agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America.

NAFTA GDP – 2012 : IMF – World Economic Outlook Databases (Oct 2013)
Back row, left to right: Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, at the initialing of the draft North American Free Trade Agreement in October 1992. In front are Mexican Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development Jaime Serra Puche, United States Trade Representative Carla Hills, and Canadian Minister of International Trade Michael Wilson.
Obama, Peña Nieto and Harper at the IX North American Leaders' Summit (informally known as the Three Amigos Summit) in Toluca
Former President Enrique Peña Nieto with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada and then-President Barack Obama of the United States at the 2016 North American Leaders' Summit
Chrystia Freeland, Luis Videgaray Caso and Rex Tillerson in Mexico City in 2018

The agreement's supporters included 132 Republicans and 102 Democrats.

To alleviate concerns that NAFTA, the first regional trade agreement between a developing country and two developed countries, would have negative environmental impacts, the commission was mandated to conduct ongoing ex post environmental assessment, It created one of the first ex post frameworks for environmental assessment of trade liberalization, designed to produce a body of evidence with respect to the initial hypotheses about NAFTA and the environment, such as the concern that NAFTA would create a "race to the bottom" in environmental regulation among the three countries, or that NAFTA would pressure governments to increase their environmental protections.