A report on Jainism, Hinduism, Dharma and Sanskrit

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

A Balinese Hindu family after puja at Bratan temple in Bali, Indonesia

The Prakrit word "dha-ṃ-ma"/𑀥𑀁𑀫 (Sanskrit: Dharma धर्म) in the Brahmi script, as inscribed by Emperor Ashoka in his Edicts of Ashoka (3rd century BCE).

Rigveda (padapatha) manuscript in Devanagari, early 19th century. The red horizontal and vertical lines mark low and high pitch changes for chanting.

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Om, a stylized letter of Devanagari script, used as a religious symbol in Hinduism

The Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription is from Indian Emperor Asoka in 258 BC, and found in Afghanistan. The inscription renders the word dharma in Sanskrit as eusebeia in Greek, suggesting dharma in ancient India meant spiritual maturity, devotion, piety, duty towards and reverence for human community.

A 17th-century birch bark manuscript of Pāṇini's grammar treatise from Kashmir

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Swami Vivekananda was a key figure in introducing Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and the United States, raising interfaith awareness and making Hinduism a world religion.

An early use of the word for "Sanskrit" in Late Brahmi script (also called Gupta script): Gupta ashoka sam.jpgGupta ashoka skrr.jpgGupta ashoka t.svg Saṃ-skṛ-ta
Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana, 532 CE.

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

Ganesha is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.

The wheel in the centre of India's flag symbolises dharma.

Sanskrit's link to the Prakrit languages and other Indo-European languages

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

The Hare Krishna group at the Esplanadi Park in Helsinki, Finland

The Spitzer Manuscript is dated to about the 2nd century CE (above: folio 383 fragment). Discovered in the Kizil Caves, near the northern branch of the Central Asian Silk Route in northwest China, it is the oldest Sanskrit philosophical manuscript known so far.

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

The festival of lights, Diwali, is celebrated by Hindus all over the world.

A 5th-century Sanskrit inscription discovered in Java, Indonesia—one of the earliest in southeast Asia after the Mulavarman inscription discovered in Kutai, eastern Borneo. The Ciaruteun inscription combines two writing scripts and compares the king to the Hindu god Vishnu. It provides a terminus ad quem to the presence of Hinduism in the Indonesian islands. The oldest southeast Asian Sanskrit inscription—called the Vo Canh inscription—so far discovered is near Nha Trang, Vietnam, and it is dated to the late 2nd century to early 3rd century CE.

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Hindus in Ghana celebrating Ganesh Chaturti

Sanskrit language's historical presence has been attested in many countries. The evidence includes manuscript pages and inscriptions discovered in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia. These have been dated between 300 and 1800 CE.

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Holi celebrated at the Sri Sri Radha Krishna Temple in Utah, United States.

One of the oldest surviving Sanskrit manuscript pages in Gupta script (c. 828 CE), discovered in Nepal

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Kedar Ghat, a bathing place for pilgrims on the Ganges at Varanasi

One of the oldest Hindu Sanskrit inscriptions, the broken pieces of this early-1st-century BCE Hathibada Brahmi Inscription were discovered in Rajasthan. It is a dedication to deities Vāsudeva-Samkarshana (Krishna-Balarama) and mentions a stone temple.

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

Priests performing Kalyanam (marriage) of the holy deities at Bhadrachalam Temple, in Telangana. It is one of the temples in India, where Kalyanam is done everyday throughout the year.

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

Sanskrit in modern Indian and other Brahmi scripts: May Śiva bless those who take delight in the language of the gods. (Kālidāsa)

Basic Hindu symbols: Shatkona, Padma, and Swastika.

One of the earliest known Sanskrit inscriptions in Tamil Grantha script at a rock-cut Hindu Trimurti temple (Mandakapattu, c. 615 CE)

Kauai Hindu monastery in Kauai Island in Hawaii is the only Hindu Monastery in the North American continent.

The ancient Yūpa inscription (one of the earliest and oldest Sanskrit texts written in ancient Indonesia) dating back to the 4th century CE written by Brahmins under the rule of King Mulavarman of the Kutai Martadipura Kingdom located in eastern Borneo

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Sanskrit festival at Pramati Hillview Academy, Mysore, India

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The Hindu Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram was built by Narasimhavarman II.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

Hinduism is variously defined as an Indian religion, a set of religious beliefs or practices, a religious tradition, a way of life, or dharma—a religious and universal order by which followers abide.

- Hinduism

Dharma (dharma, ; dhamma) is a key concept with multiple meanings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and others.

- Dharma

Jainism is considered to be an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the cosmology.

- Jainism

Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism.

- Sanskrit

Dravya means substances or entity in Sanskrit.

- Jainism

The word Hindū is derived from Indo-Aryan/Sanskrit root Sindhu.

- Hinduism

In this, it is unlike the Abrahamic religions and Hinduism, but similar to Buddhism.

- Jainism

He includes among "founded religions" Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism that are now distinct religions, syncretic movements such as Brahmo Samaj and the Theosophical Society, as well as various "Guru-isms" and new religious movements such as Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and ISKCON.

- Hinduism

It is explained as law of righteousness and equated to satya (Sanskrit: सत्यं, truth), in hymn 1.4.14 of Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, as follows:

- Dharma

Sanskrit has been the predominant language of Hindu texts encompassing a rich tradition of philosophical and religious texts, as well as poetry, music, drama, scientific, technical and others.

- Sanskrit

A report on Jainism, Hinduism, Dharma and Sanskrit

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