A report on Diriyah

Saad ibn Saud Palace
Old ruins in Diriyah
A historic fort in Diriyah

Town in Saudi Arabia located on the north-western outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh.

- Diriyah
Saad ibn Saud Palace

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Flag of Saud dynasty

House of Saud

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Ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.

Ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.

Flag of Saud dynasty
Genealogical table of the leaders of the Āl Saud
The maximum limits reached by the first Saudi state during the reign of Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in the year 1814.
Flag of the First and Second Saudi State
King Abdulaziz and Franklin D. Roosevelt in February 1945
U.S. President Barack Obama offers condolences on death of Saudi King Abdullah, Riyadh, 27 January 2015
Crown Prince and Defence Minister Mohammad with U.S. Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, Pentagon, 13 May 2015
US President Donald Trump with the First Lady of the United States Melania Trump, King Salman of Saudi Arabia and Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at the 2017 Riyadh summit.
U.S. President Jimmy Carter meets with King Khalid and Crown Prince Fahd in January 1978
Crown Prince Muhammad bin Nayef, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, Jared Kushner, Ivanka Trump, King Salman bin Abdulaziz and Melania Trump, Riyadh, 20 May 2017
Luxury yacht Kingdom 5KR owned by Saudi royal family, docked in Antibes, French Riviera
Royal Flag of the King
Demonstrators in Eastern Province during the 1979 Qatif Uprising
Journalist Jamal Khashoggi, murdered at Saud embassy in Turkey because of his opposition to the government
Loujain al-Hathloul, a Saudi citizen who was jailed after she drove a car in the country using her UAE license

The earliest recorded ancestor of the Al Saud was Mani' ibn Rabiah Al-Muraydi who settled in Diriyah in 1446–1447 with his clan, the Mrudah.

Riyadh

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Capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.

Capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.

Riyadh at the sunset
1922 map of Riyadh
Riyadh's skyline in 2018
Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque
A courtyard in the Murabba Palace
The Masmak Fortress in 2014
Anthropomorphic stela from the 4th millennium BC at the National Museum of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
Saudi Arabian Airlines ERJ-170 at Riyadh King Khalid International Airport
Riyadh aerial highway
Lake at the 120 km long Wadi Hanifa valley that cuts through Riyadh
The emerging King Abdullah Financial District in 2012
The An Nafud desert in the outskirts of Riyadh with the Jabal Tuwaiq in the background

In 1744, Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab formed an alliance with Muhammad ibn Saud, the ruler of the nearby town of Diriyah.

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's name in Islamic calligraphy

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

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Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, religious leader, reformer, and theologian from Najd in central Arabia, considered as the eponymous founder of the Wahhabi movement.

Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, activist, religious leader, reformer, and theologian from Najd in central Arabia, considered as the eponymous founder of the Wahhabi movement.

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb's name in Islamic calligraphy
An 18th century map of the Arabian Peninsula (circa 1740s)
Usul al-Thalatha (Three Fundamental Principles), a pamphlet by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
A 20th century illustration of the Pact of Dir'iyah
Emirate of Diriyah, the first Saudi state (1727–1818)
Kitab al-Tawhid (Book on Monotheism), the most popular treatise of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque in Doha, the national mosque of Qatar
Unwan al-Majd fi Tarikh al-Najd by chronicler Uthman ibn 'Abdullah Ibn Bishr
A portrait of the entrance to the city of Diriyah

Upon his expulsion from 'Uyayna, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring Diriyah by its ruler Muhammad ibn Saud Al Muqrin.

Najd

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Najd (نَجْدٌ, ), or the Nejd, forms the geographic center of Saudi Arabia, accounting for about a third of the country's modern population and, since the Emirate of Diriyah, acting as the base for all unification campaigns by the House of Saud to bring Arabia under a single polity and under the Salafi jurisprudence.

Najd (نَجْدٌ, ), or the Nejd, forms the geographic center of Saudi Arabia, accounting for about a third of the country's modern population and, since the Emirate of Diriyah, acting as the base for all unification campaigns by the House of Saud to bring Arabia under a single polity and under the Salafi jurisprudence.

Map detailing the route of Khalid ibn Walid's conquest of Arabia
Najd superimposed over the modern political divisions of Saudi Arabia
Lake at the 120 km long Wadi Hanifa valley that cuts through Riyadh
The area of 'Uqdah on the outskirts of Ha'il
The An Nafud desert in the outskirts of Riyadh with the Jabal Tuwaiq in the background
Skyline of Riyadh in the late 2010s
Najd is home to numerous date farms and large agricultural areas.

The most prominent among these provinces are Al-'Aridh, which includes Riyadh and the historical Saudi capital of Diriyah; Al-Qassim, with its capital in Buraidah; Sudair, centered on Al Majma'ah; Al-Washm, centered on Shaqraa; and Jebel Shammar, with its capital, Ha'il.

'Uyayna

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Village in central Saudi Arabia, located some 30 km northwest of the Saudi capital Riyadh.

Village in central Saudi Arabia, located some 30 km northwest of the Saudi capital Riyadh.

Uyayna

Al-Uyaynah is located inside the narrow, dry river-bed of Wadi Hanifa, which continues southwards through Dir'iyyah and Riyadh.

Saudi Arabia

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Country on the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.

Country on the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.

Anthropomorphic stela (4th millennium BC), sandstone, 57x27 cm, from El-Maakir-Qaryat al-Kaafa (National Museum of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh)
The "Worshipping Servant" statue (2500 BC), above 1 m in height, is much taller than any possible Mesopotamian or Harappan models. Photo courtesy of the National Museum of Korea.
Qaṣr Al-Farīd, the largest of the 131 rock-cut monumental tombs built from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, with their elaborately ornamented façades, at the extensive ancient Nabatean archaeological site of Hegra located in the area of Al-'Ula within Al Madinah Region in the Hejaz. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.
Colossal statue from Al-'Ula in the Hejaz (6th–4th century BC), it followed the standardized artistic sculpting of the Lihyanite kingdom, the original statue was painted with white
At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) covered 11100000 km2 and 62 million people (29 per cent of the world's population), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. It was also larger than any previous empire in history.
The Battle of Badr, 13 March 624 CE
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founding father and first king of Saudi Arabia
Political map of Saudi Arabia
Map of Saudi Arabian administrative regions and roadways
Map of oil and gas pipelines in the Middle-East
King Fahd with US President Ronald Reagan and future US President Donald Trump in 1985. The US and Saudi Arabia supplied money and arms to the anti-Soviet mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan.
As many as 500 princes, government ministers, and business people, including Prince Fahd bin Abdullah, were arrested by Saudi Arabian authorities as part of the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with Bogdan Borusewicz in the Polish Senate, 26 May 2014
Verses from the Quran. The Quran is the official constitution of the country and a primary source of law. Saudi Arabia is unique in enshrining a religious text as a political document.
U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, 21 May 2017
U.S. President Barack Obama meets King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, July 2014
Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is named after a Saudi king. The kingdom is a strong ally of Pakistan. WikiLeaks claimed that Saudis are "long accustomed to having a significant role in Pakistan's affairs".
Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir with then British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson (now Prime Minister) in London, 16 October 2016
Major Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict locations
Flag of Al-Qaeda, a transnational terrorist group formed by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Arabian national of Yemeni and Syrian extraction who was stripped of his Saudi passport in 1994.
"The Saudi pilots training in Italy 1935"—a scene from 'Our Eagles', one of four video wall shows made for the Royal Saudi Air Force Museum
Saudi soldiers from the First Airborne Brigade.
Deera Square, central Riyadh. It is a former site of public be-headings.
Saudi Arabia topography
Harrat Khaybar seen from the International Space Station. Saudi Arabia is home to more than 2000 dormant volcanoes. Lava fields in Hejaz, known locally by their Arabic name of harrat (the singular is harrah), form one of Earth's largest alkali basalt regions, covering some 180000 km2, an area greater than the state of Missouri.
A proportional representation of Saudi Arabia exports, 2019
Office of Saudi Aramco, the world's most valuable company and the main source of revenue for the state
The hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims.
King Abdullah Financial Center is one of the largest investment centres in the Middle East, located in Riyadh
Al-Hasa is known for its palm trees and dates. Al-Hasa has over 30 million palm trees which produce over 100 thousand tons of dates every year.
Saudi Arabia population density (people per km2)
Laboratory buildings at KAUST
The Al-Yamamah Private University in Riyadh
UIS literacy rate Saudi Arabia population, 15 plus, 1990–2015
Historical development of life expectancy in Saudi Arabia
Supplicating pilgrim at Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque) in Mecca. The Kaaba is the cubic building in front of the pilgrim.
Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the Islamic holy city of Mecca
Sarah Attar is a track and field athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the first two female Olympians representing Saudi Arabia.
The Masjid al-Haram is the holiest Islamic site, located in Mecca
The Mosque of the Prophet in Medina containing the tomb of Muhammad
King Abdullah practising falconry, a traditional pursuit in the country
Arabic coffee is a traditional beverage in Arabian cuisine
Uruguay – Saudi Arabia match at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
The 3000-year-old ancient historical city of Dumat al-Jandal in Al Jawf Province
The old city of Jeddah
Jabal Sawda ({{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) located in the 'Asir subrange of the Sarat Mountains
Abha City, located {{convert|2270|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level in the 'Asir Region
Beach promenade in Al-Wajh
Dhi 'ain village located in Al Bahah Province
The desert of Al-Rub' Al-Khali (The Empty Quarter)
Saad Khader from left and right Mohammad Al-Ali in 1979

The WHO had earlier classified three Saudi Arabian cities, Ad Diriyah, Jalajil, and Al-Jamoom as "Healthy city", as part of the WHO Healthy Cities Program.

Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin

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Muhammad bin Saud Al Muqrin (محمد بن سعود آل مقرن Muḥammad bin Suʿūd Āl Muqrin; 1687–1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Diriyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, which are named for his father, Saud bin Muhammad Al Muqrin.

A route-map of Ibrahim Pasha's Campaign into Dir'iyya

Wahhabi War

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Fought from early 1811 to 1818, between the Ottoman Empire and the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulting in the destruction of the latter.

Fought from early 1811 to 1818, between the Ottoman Empire and the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulting in the destruction of the latter.

A route-map of Ibrahim Pasha's Campaign into Dir'iyya
Painting of Abdullah bin Saud, convicted and executed after losing the war.

The assassination in November 1803 of Saudi Emir ‘Abd al-‘Aziz during prayers in al-Dir‘iyya by an Iraqi; was suspected of being orchestrated by the Ottoman governor of Baghdad, which greatly deteriorated the Saudi-Ottoman relations.

Wadi Hanifa penetrates the city of Riyadh from the west

Wadi Hanifa

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Wadi (valley) in the Najd region, Riyadh Province, in central Saudi Arabia.

Wadi (valley) in the Najd region, Riyadh Province, in central Saudi Arabia.

Wadi Hanifa penetrates the city of Riyadh from the west
A view of Wadi Hanifa in Riyadh from King Fahd Road
Al-Elb Dam in Diriya Riyadh. It is a part of Wadi Haneefa Project.

A string of towns and villages lie along the valley, including Uyaynah, Irqah and Diriyah.

Diriyah Governorate

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Governorate within Riyadh Region in Saudi Arabia.

Governorate within Riyadh Region in Saudi Arabia.

The governorate is seated in the city of al-Dir'iyyah, the original hometown of the House of Saud, which served as the capital of the Saudi dynasty from 1744 to 1818.