Distillation

In the case of oil refining, crude is subjected to a long series of individual distillation steps, each of which produces a different product or intermediate.

Condensation is a crucial component of distillation, an important laboratory and industrial chemistry application.

When the vapors are collected, this process is known as distillation.

Desalination processes are usually driven by either thermal (in the case of distillation) or mechanical (e.g. in the case of reverse osmosis) energy types.

It uses distillation to fractionate.

Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns.

Crude oil was distilled by Persian chemists, with clear descriptions given in Arabic handbooks such as those of Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi.

In a chemistry laboratory, a retort is a device used for distillation or dry distillation of substances.

If there are no chemical changes, just phase changes, it resembles classical distillation, although it will generally need higher temperatures.

One method of removing impurities from water and other fluids is distillation.