A report on Zambia and East Africa

Image of the region between Lake Victoria (on the right) and Lakes Edward, Kivu and Tanganyika (from north to south) showing dense vegetation (bright green) and fires (red).
The Bab-el-Mandeb crossing in the Red Sea: now some 12 miles (20 km) wide, narrower in prehistory.
Ancient (but graffitied) Rock Art in Nsalu Cave, Kasanka National Park in North-Central Zambia.
Early Iron Age findings in East and Southern Africa
Map of British East Africa in 1911
Batonga fisherwomen in Southern Zambia. Women have played and continue to play important roles in many African societies.
Ruins z q r. of Great Zimbabwe. Kalanga/Shona rulers of this kingdom dominated trade at Ingombe Ilede.
Drawing of the ruler of Lunda, Mwata Kazembe, receiving Portuguese in the royal courtyard in the 1800s
A drawing of Lunda houses by a Portuguese visitor. The size of the doorways relative to the building emphasizes the scale of the buildings.
The kalonga (ruler) of the AChewa today descends from the kalonga of the Maravi Empire.
Three young Ngoni chiefs. The Ngoni made their way into Eastern Zambia from KwaZulu in South Africa. They eventually assimilated into the local ethnic groups.
Inside the palace of the Litunga, ruler of the Lozi. Due to the flooding on the Zambezi, the Litunga has two palaces one of which is on higher ground. The movement of Litunga to higher land is celebrated at the Kuomboka Ceremony
An 1864 photograph of the Scottish explorer and missionary David Livingstone.
Kenneth Kaunda, first Republican president, on a state visit to Romania in 1970
The geopolitical situation during the Rhodesian Bush War in 1965 – countries friendly to the nationalists are coloured orange.
Zambia National Assembly building in Lusaka
President Edgar Lungu with Russian President Vladimir Putin, 26 July 2018
Zambia map of Köppen climate classification.
Victoria Falls
The Mwata Kazembe opens the Mutomboko ceremony
Tribal and linguistic map of Zambia
Pupils at the St Monica's Girls Secondary School in Chipata, Eastern Province
A proportional representation of Zambia exports, 2019
Zambia Export Treemap (2014)
GDP per capita (current), compared to neighbouring countries (world average = 100)
The major Nkana open copper mine, Kitwe.
Nshima (top right corner) with three types of relish.
A Yombe sculpture, 19th century.
National Heroes Stadium in Lusaka.

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, and also is typically referred to as being in South-Central Africa.

- Zambia

Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – often also included in Southern Africa, and formerly constituted the Central African Federation (also known historically as the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland).

- East Africa

6 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Country in Central Africa.

Country in Central Africa.

View of Leopoldville Station and Port in 1884
1908 photograph of a married Christian couple.
Force Publique soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers.
The leader of ABAKO, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, first democratically elected President of Congo-Léopoldville
Patrice Lumumba, first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Congo-Léopoldville, was murdered by Belgian-supported Katangan separatists in 1961
Mobutu Sese Seko and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973.
Mobutu with the Dutch Prince Bernhard in Kinshasa in 1973
Belligerents of the Second Congo War
Refugees in the Congo
People fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebel groups, North Kivu, 2012
Government troops near Goma during the M23 rebellion in May 2013
DR Congo's President Félix Tshisekedi with neighbouring Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso in 2020; both wear face masks due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The map of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo map of Köppen climate classification
Ituri Rainforest
Mount Nyiragongo, which last erupted in 2021.
Salonga National Park.
Masisi Territory
Lake Kivu in North Kivu province
Bas-Congo landscape
An Okapi
A male western gorilla
Hippopotami
Joseph Kabila was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from January 2001 to January 2019.
President Joseph Kabila with U.S. President Barack Obama in August 2014
FARDC soldiers on patrol in Ituri province
A group of demobilized child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
A proportional representation of Democratic Republic of the Congo exports, 2019
Change in per capita GDP of Congo, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
Rough diamonds ≈1 to 1.5 mm in size from DR Congo.
DR Congo's Human Development Index scores, 1970–2010.
Collecting firewood in Basankusu.
Train from Lubumbashi arriving in Kindu on a newly refurbished line.
Map of rail network
Major Bantu languages in the Congo
Kongo youth and adults in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Amani festival in Goma
Family in Rutshuru, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
The population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Our Lady of Peace Cathedral in Bukavu
A classroom in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Development of life expectancy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebels groups, Sake North Kivu 30 April 2012
A Hemba male statue
Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa.
The Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lubumbashi

The DRC is located in sub-Saharan Africa, bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola.

Islam has been present in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the 18th century, when Arab traders from East Africa pushed into the interior for ivory- and slave-trading purposes.

Chronological overview after Nurse and Philippson (2003): 
 1 = 4,000–3,500BP: origin
 2 = 3,500BP: initial expansion 
 "early split": 2.a = Eastern, 2.b = Western 
 3 = 2,000–1,500BP: Urewe nucleus of Eastern Bantu
 4–7: southward advance
 9 = 2,500BP: Congo nucleus
 10 = 2,000–1,000BP: last phase

Bantu expansion

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Hypothesis of major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa.

Hypothesis of major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa.

Chronological overview after Nurse and Philippson (2003): 
 1 = 4,000–3,500BP: origin
 2 = 3,500BP: initial expansion 
 "early split": 2.a = Eastern, 2.b = Western 
 3 = 2,000–1,500BP: Urewe nucleus of Eastern Bantu
 4–7: southward advance
 9 = 2,500BP: Congo nucleus
 10 = 2,000–1,000BP: last phase
Map indicating the spread of the Early Iron Age across Africa; all numbers are AD dates except for the "250 BC" date.
San rock art depicting a shield-carrying Bantu warrior. The movement of Bantu settlers, who migrated southwards and settled in the summer rainfall regions of Southern Africa within the last 2000 years, established a range of relationships with the indigenous San people from bitter conflict to ritual interaction and intermarriage.

In Eastern and Southern Africa, Bantu speakers may have adopted livestock husbandry from other unrelated Cushitic-and Nilotic-speaking peoples they encountered.

Further east, Bantu-speaking communities had reached the great Central African rainforest, and by 500BC, pioneering groups had emerged into the savannas to the south, in what are now the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Zambia.

Tanzania

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A 1.8-million-year-old stone chopping tool discovered at Olduvai Gorge and on display at the British Museum.
A 1572 depiction of the portuguese city of Kilwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Battle during the Maji Maji Rebellion against German colonial rule in 1905.
The Arusha Declaration Monument
Wildebeest migration in the Serengeti
Tanzania map of Köppen climate classification
The Masai giraffe is Tanzania's national animal
The semi-autonomous Zanzibar Archipelago
Regions of Tanzania
Tanzanian ambassador to Russia Jaka Mwambi presenting his credentials to the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
Tanzanian Embassy in West End, Washington, D.C., USA
FIB Tanzanian special forces during training
A proportional representation of Tanzania exports, 2019
Historical development of real GDP per capita in Tanzania, since 1950
Tea fields in Tukuyu
Nyerere Bridge in Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam
The snowcapped Uhuru Peak
One of the main trunk roads
Zanzibar harbour
Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), Figure 20.3
A Tanzanian woman cooks Pilau rice dish wearing traditional Kanga.
Farmers using a rice harvester to harvest rice in Igunga District, Tanzania
Example of a World Food Programme parcel
Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year
Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded
The Hadza live as hunter-gatherers.
A carved door with Arabic calligraphy in Zanzibar
Nkrumah Hall at the University of Dar es Salaam
Development of life expectancy
Tanzanian woman harvest tea leaves
Judith Wambura (Lady Jaydee) is a popular Bongo Flava recording singer.
A Tingatinga painting
National Stadium in Dar es Salaam.
St Joseph's Catholic cathedral, Zanzibar
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha
East African Legislative Assembly in Arusha
Tanzanian Ngoma group

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region.

It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.

Membership of ECCAS

Central Africa

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Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions.

Membership of ECCAS
Congo Basin
The Kanem and Bornu Empires in 1810
Abéché, capital of Wadai, in 1918 after the French had taken over
Lunda town and dwelling
Kongo in 1711
French explorer Paul Du Chaillu confirmed the existence of Pygmy peoples of central Africa
Fishing in Central Africa
UN Macroregion of Central Africa
Art from Cameroon
ECCAS/CEMAC state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state, part of Middle Africa
ECCAS state only

The Central African Federation (1953–1963), also called the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, was made up of what are now the nations of Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

These states are now typically considered part of East or Southern Africa.

A composite satellite image of Southern Africa

Southern Africa

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Southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania.

Southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania.

A composite satellite image of Southern Africa
Waterfall in the Witwatersrand region near Johannesburg
Sandton, Johannesburg, the financial centre of South Africa
Southern Africa (UN subregion and the SACU)
Geographical Southern Africa, including the UN subregion
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
United Nations geoscheme for Africa
Eastern Africa
Middle Africa
Northern Africa
Southern Africa
Western Africa

The Zambezi flows from the northwest corner of Zambia and western Angola to the Indian Ocean on the coast of Mozambique.

However, the United Nations geoscheme for Africa includes the Comoros, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Réunion, the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (as a part of the French Southern Territories), Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Eastern Africa, Angola in Middle Africa (aka Central Africa), and Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (under the name Saint Helena) in Western Africa instead.

Portuguese Mozambique

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Designated during the period in which it was a Portuguese colony.

Designated during the period in which it was a Portuguese colony.

Location of Mozambique in Africa
The Portuguese fortress São Sebastião on Mozambique Island.
Location of Mozambique in Africa
The Island of Mozambique was first occupied by Portuguese explorers in the late 15th century. They quickly established a fort there, and with time a community sprang up and achieved importance as port of call, missionary base and a trading centre. The island is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Painting by Johannes Vingboons of Sofala, c. 1665
View of Lourenço Marques, ca. 1905
Former Portuguese administrative buildings and hospital, on Mozambique Island.
Ponta Vermelha Palace, former residence of the Portuguese governor and current presidential palace of Mozambique
Flag of the Portuguese governor of Mozambique.
Marracuene was the site of a decisive battle between Portuguese and King Gungunhana of Gaza in 1895.
Mount Murresse in Gurué (tea plantation).
Military road map of Portuguese Mozambique
Administrative divisions and ethnic groups of Portuguese Mozambique, 1964
Wedding procession at Tete, from David Livingstone's Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries
Central train station of Lourenço Marques (renamed as Maputo)
Caeiro Lda. Tobacco Factory.
Cahora Bassa Dam reservoir — the dam began construction in 1969 and was at the time one of the biggest in all of Africa.
Portuguese language printing and typesetting class, 1930
The Clube Sport da Beira in the city of Beira.
War in Mozambique, 1961
Lourenço Marques (nowadays Maputo) in 1925.
Eusébio, one of the most famous players in Portuguese football history
Proposed flag for Portuguese Mozambique
Narrow-gauge rail in Beira. 1897.
Inauguration of the "tramuei" (Tramway). Beira, 1901.
Volunteer firemen, 1903.
Beira, 1901.
Portuguese police force in 1925.
Observatory. 1930.
Agronomist office.
Brewery. Beira, 1930.
Teachers and students of the "School of Arts and Trades".
Border post between Portuguese Mozambique and British-Swaziland, 1929.
Beachfront double estate. Beira, 1939.
Large beachfront estate in Beira.
Beachfront estate in Beira, 1939.
Private residence in Beira. 1930.
Standard Bank building, Beira. 1925.
Beira Clube. Beira, 1930.
"Indo-Portuguese recreational center". Beira.
Hotel Polana 1929, once one of the largest and most luxurious in southern Africa.
Courtroom. Beira, 1925.
Cine-Theater. Inhambane.
Colonial residence, Maputo.
Primary school, Maputo.
Maputo Naval Club.
25 reis 1877
100 reis 1895
100 reis 1898.
115 reis 1915
1 escudo 1921
10 centavos 1933

In the Zambezi basin were the colonies of Quelimane (now Zambezia Province) and Tete (in the panhandle between Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia, and Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe), which were for a time merged as Zambezia.

When Portuguese explorers reached East Africa in 1498, Swahili commercial settlements had existed along the Swahili Coast and outlying islands for several centuries.